Preparation of Beebread Caviar from Buckwheat Honey through Immobilization with Sodium Alginate.

Honeys have a pleasant taste and a wide range of use. They are characterized by a relatively high consumption compared to bee pollen or beebread. Honeys are the most popular bee products. Considering health reasons, beebread exhibits the strongest properties as it has the highest nutritional value as well as strong detoxifying, antioxidant, and antiradical properties. Despite having such valuable properties, consumption of beebread is negligible; sometimes, it is limited only to supplementation in case of diseases. This paper proposes a new food product, that is, beebread caviar made from buckwheat honey. The expiry date and sensory and physicochemical quality of beebread caviar have been determined in this study. Beebread caviar, obtained by immobilization on alginate carrier, contained 0.34 mg GAE/mL extract. It remained stable until five days after preparation. Its total acidity was 33.7 mval/kg. Its extract content was 22.53%. Caviar had a high overall sensory score of 4.8 points on a 5-point scale. Beebread caviar can be successfully classified as probiotic food because beebread contains a large amount of lactic acid. In the form of caviar, a new, attractive, and convenient form of beebread consumption could become one of the products of comfortable and functional food.

[Nutritive value of Olsztyn University students diet]. / Wartosc odzywcza diet studentów UWM w Olsztynie.

Nutrition is one of the most important factors influencing human health. Proper diet protects to some extent against such illnesses as obesity, cardiovascular diseases, osteoporosis, oncologic diseases, etc. Energy taken with food makes proper functioning of organism possible. 30 students of the University of Warmia & Mazury in Olsztyn, both sexes, age 19-25, collected at the turn of 2005/2006. The average weight of the ration amounted to about 1.5 kg (from 802 to 3196 g). More than half of the rations did not supply the portion of calories recommended by norms, most diets did not contained enough fats; also, composition of fatty acids was not adequate. In most cases the diets did not supply enough portion of proteins. Decreased intake of calcium and magnesium was found and improper calcium to phosphorous proportion was calculated, which increased the risk of osteoporosis. Diets of most women contained too little iron, zinc, copper and manganese; men's diets were deficient in copper only. High selenium deficiency was stated. The model of nutrition after prolonged time can create a serious threat to health of the population under examination.

[Content of nitrates (V) and nitrites (III) in some vegetables grown in the region of Warmia and Mazury]. / Zawartosc azotanow (V) i azotanów (III) w wybranych warzywach pochodzacych z regionu warmii i mazur.

The aim of this paper was to determine the concentration of nitrates (V) and nitrites (III) in some vegetables originating from producers from the province of Warmia and Mazury and in commercial samples provided by a plant producing frozen vegetables situated in the region. Nitrates and nitrites were measured using the spectrometric method according to the methodology described in the Polish Standard PN-92/A-75112. The analyzed vegetables had small amounts of the examined compounds, which were considerably lower than those reported by other authors. The highest means of 48.79 and 33.63 mg NaNO3/kg and 1.79 and 4.83 mg NaNO2/kg were found in the samples from the suppliers and in the commercial spinach samples, respectively. The obtained residual amounts of the examined compounds and lack of significant differences in their concentration between the vegetables produced by different producers indicate the necessity of further studies in this field. Should these results be confirmed in future studies, this fact may have a great importance in the development of an ecological farming strategy for the region of Warmia and Mazury.

[Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the beans, peas and broad beans from domestic market, 1999-2002]. / Wielopierscieniowe weglowodory aromatyczne w nasionach fasoli, grochu i bobu z krajowego rynku w latach 1999-2002.

Seeds of bean, peas and broad bean, purchased from local seed production plants in the provinces of Mazowieckie and Kujawsko-Pomorskie in the years 1999-2002, were determined for the contents of fifteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The hydrocarbons were extracted from the seeds with a hexane-acetone mixture by means of sonification. The obtained extracts were then purified in a silica gel column. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) were identified and determined quantitatively with liquid chromatography using a fluorescent detector. The presence (in different concentrations) of PAH was reported in the majority of seeds of the bean, peas and broad bean varieties examined, which indicates that they may be ingested with food and bioaccumulated in the human organism. A considerably higher content of SPAH was observed in the seeds of broad bean, compared to those of bean and peas. The highest SPAH determined reached 2 x 10(2) microg/kg of product. The obtained results were comparable with those reported by other authors for vegetables originating from non-industrial areas. It is worth emphasising that all the seeds examined revealed the presence of PAH with carcinogenic properties.