Awareness and willingness to participate in clinical trials in Togo.

Context: Clinical Trials (CTs) are the key when it comes to informing clinical decision-making processes. There is a very low number of CTs conducted in Togo, and there is no study that assessed the willingness of Togolese to participate in CTs. Aims: The aim of this study was to assess public awareness and willingness to participate in CTs in Togo. Subjects and Methods: We designed a cross-sectional study, using an online survey with Google Form in the general population, carried out from December 2019 to March 2020. Statistical Analysis Used: An Excel sheet was generated from the Google Form, and we performed a descriptive analysis using IBM SPSS Statistics 21. All variables were presented as frequencies and percentages. Results: This study involved 210 participants. The findings of this study are showing that Togolese are reasonably aware about CTs, and they have a positive intention to participate, but they are ignorant of national CTs regulations. Although unawareness and unwillingness may be universally common, one challenge in Togo is the lack of communication. Conclusions: The findings of this study are encouraging. The National Bioethics Committee for Health needs to be better communicative, and providing training in clinical research is essential.

Prediction of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infection: do we need rapid diagnostic tests?

Staphylococcus aureus (SA) is the leading cause of bloodstream infection (BSI). The incidence of methicillin-resistant SA (MRSA) has decreased in France and Europe since one decade. Early and precise prediction of methicillin susceptibility is needed to improve probabilistic antibiotic therapy of MRSA-BSI. The aim of this study was to identify MRSA-BSI risk factors at admission and evaluate which patients need costly rapid diagnostic tests. A single-center retrospective descriptive study of all diagnosed SA-BSI was conducted in a French University Hospital between January 2015 and December 2016. All medical charts were reviewed. Univariate and multivariate analyses by a logistic regression model were performed on the data. We then build a prediction score of MRSA-BSI by assigning one point for each of the risk factor identified. During the study period, 151 SA-BSI were identified including 32 (21%) MRSA-BSI. In multivariate analysis, three factors were associated with MRSA-BSI: coming from long-term care facility, known previous MRSA colonization and/or infection, and chronic renal disease. Among our population, respectively, 5% and 100% had a MRSA-BSI when no or three risk factors were identified. Therefore, among the PCR performed, 43 (96%) could be avoided according to our clinical score. In our study, methicillin-susceptible SA and MRSA-BSI can be predictable by counting MRSA risk factors. This prediction rule could avoid the use of expensive rapid diagnostic tests. Prospective studies and prediction rules could help physicians to predict SA-BSI susceptibility to improve appropriate empiric therapy choice.

Simulation approach to coincidence summing in γ-ray spectrometry.

Some of the radionuclides used for efficiency calibration of a HPGe spectrometer are subject to coincidence-summing (CS) and account must be taken of the phenomenon to obtain quantitative results when counting samples to determine their activity. We have used MCNPX simulations, which do not take CS into account, to obtain γ-ray peak intensities that were compared to those observed experimentally. The loss or gain of a measured peak intensity relative to the simulated peak is attributed to CS. CS correction factors are compared with those of ETNA and GESPECOR. Application to a test sample prepared with known radionuclides gave values close to the published activities.