Zn and Se abrogate heavy metal mixture induced ovarian and thyroid oxido-inflammatory effects mediated by activation of NRF2-HMOX-1 in female albino rats.

The thyroid is vital for the proper functioning of the female reproductive system since it regulates the metabolism and development of ovary. This is an evaluation of the essential trace elements ETE on the heavy metals mixture HMM mediated oxido-inflammatory effects in the ovary and thyroid of female albino rats. Eight groups (5 female rats /group) were treated as follows for 60 days: Group 1: Deionized water only; Group 2: (Pb, Hg, Mn and Al); Group 3: HMM + ZnCl2, 0.80 mg/kg; Group 4: HMM + Na2SeO3, 1.50 mg/kg; Group 5: HMM + ZnCl2, 0.80 mg/kg and Na2SeO3, 1.50 mg/kg combined. On day 60 animals were euthanized, ovary and thyroid were harvested and used for, MDA, NO, antioxidants, TNF-α, IL-6, HMOX-1, Caspase-3, NF-KB, NRF2, HM and histopathology. There was significant bioaccumulation of Pb, Al, Hg and MN; elevated IL-6 and TNF-α, MDA and NO, caspase-3 and NRF2, NFKB and HMOX-1 with significant decrease in antioxidants in the HMM only group in comparison to the control. Co-treatment with ETE reversed most of these effects. ETE may ameliorate HMM -induced ovarian and thyrotoxicity in female albino rats by blunting oxido-inflammatory activities.

Banana peel ameliorated hepato-renal damage and exerted anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects in metal mixture mediated hepatic nephropathy by activation of Nrf2/ Hmox-1 and inhibition of Nfkb pathway.

This study evaluated the protective role of banana peel extract (BP) on heavy metal mixture (HMM) mediated hepatorenal toxicity using a rat model. Twenty-five female Wistar albino rats were weight-matched and divided into five groups of five female rats each. Group 1(control) received deionized water only. Group 2 received HMM only (20 mg kg-1 of Pb, 0.40 mg kg-1 of Hg, 0.56 mg kg-1 of Mn and 35 mg kg-1 of Al). Groups 3, 4 and 5 were co-administered with the same metal mixture with BP at 200, 400 and 800 mg kg-1, respectively. Treatments were through oral gavage for 60 days; animals were sacrificed pentobarbital anesthesia and liver and kidney harvested for test. Thereafter, metal levels, malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO), catalase (CAT), glutathione content (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), interlukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis alpha (Tnf-α), caspase-3 (Cas-3), Nuclear factor kappa B (Nfkb), Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (Hmox-1) were assayed. HMM group presented higher levels of metal, IL-6 and Tnf-α, MDA, NO, Nfkb and Hmox-1 in HMM group which were significantly reduced by BP. BP was protective against metal mixture induced histopathological distortions. HMM exposure significantly distorted hepatorenal functions and BP treatment reduced metal bioavailability and abrogated most of these alterations.

Zinc and selenium mitigated heavy metals mixture (Pb, Al, Hg and Mn) mediated hepatic-nephropathy via modulation of oxido-inflammatory status and NF­kB signaling in female albino rats.

This study evaluated the protective role o of zinc and selenium on heavy metal mixture (HMM) induced hepatic-nephropathy. Twenty-five female Wistar albino rats were weight-matched and divided into five groups of five female rats each. Group 1(control) received deionized water only. Group 2 received heavy metal mixture HMM (20 mg·kg-1 of Pb, 0.40 mg·kg-1 of Hg, 0.56 mg·kg-1 of Mn and 35 mg·kg-1 of Al). Groups 3, 4 and 5 were co-administered with metal mixtures and Zn, Se and Zn + Se respectively. Treatments were through oral gavage for 60 days; animals were sacrificed under pentobarbital and liver and kidney harvested for tests. Zn, Se and Zn + Se reduced metal accumulation in the liver and kidney. HMM exposure caused non-significant increase in AST, ALP, ALT and TP, but significant increase in IL-6 and TNF -α, Nf-kB, Hmox-1, Nfr2, MDA and NO when compared to the control. Essential trace elements significantly decreased IL-6 and TNF -α, Nf-kB, Hmox-1and Nfr2 in comparison to HMM only group. Treatment with Zn, Se and Zn + Se significantly reversed the HHM mediated decreased SOD levels. HMM triggered degenerative changes in the central vein, showed vacuolations with connective tissues fragmentation and lymphocytes infiltration were reversed by essential trace elements. Essential trace elements supplementation is protective against HMM mediated hepato-renal impairment.