RESUMEN
Thanks to its intrinsic properties, two-dimensional (2D) bismuth (bismuthene) can serve as a multimodal nanotherapeutic agent for lung cancer acting through multiple mechanisms, including photothermal therapy (PTT), magnetic field-induced hyperthermia (MH), immunogenic cell death (ICD), and ferroptosis. To investigate this possibility, we synthesized bismuthene from the exfoliation of 3D layered bismuth, prepared through a facile method that we developed involving surfactant-assisted chemical reduction, with a specific focus on improving its magnetic properties. The bismuthene nanosheets showed high in vitro and in vivo anti-cancer activity after simultaneous light and magnetic field exposure in lung adenocarcinoma cells. Only when light and magnetic field are applied together, we can achieve the highest anti-cancer activity compared to the single treatment groups. We have further shown that ICD-dependent mechanisms were involved during this combinatorial treatment strategy. Beyond ICD, bismuthene-based PTT and MH also resulted in an increase in ferroptosis mechanisms both in vitro and in vivo, in addition to apoptotic pathways. Finally, hemolysis in human whole blood and a wide variety of assays in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells indicated that the bismuthene nanosheets were biocompatible and did not alter immune function. These results showed that bismuthene has the potential to serve as a biocompatible platform that can arm multiple therapeutic approaches against lung cancer.
RESUMEN
In this study, Gdx-doped Ni/NiO MNPs (x: 0.0%, 2.5%, 5.0%, and 10.0%) with a protective polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) layer have been synthesized via a polyol reduction process. The x-ray diffraction patterns revealed that samples have a cubic structure with Fm3Ìm space group and no change in the crystallite structure was observed with doping Gd3+ ions. The crystallite size (Dc) decreases from 2.70 to 1.27 nm when Gd is doped into Ni/NiO MNPs. Transmission electron microscopy analysis revealed that the Ni/NiO MNPs with Gd(5%) concentration are formed as spherical multicore-like shape core/shell MNPs with a protective PVP layer. The magnetic hysteresis measurements taken at 10 and 300 K show that the saturation magnetization (Ms) decreases with increasing Gd3+ ions in the structure. The highest effective magnetic moment (µeff) was obtained as 10.34 µB in the NG-2 sample. We ascribe that the high µeff value in this sample is due to the increase in d-f exchange interaction between Ni(3d7) and Gd(4f7) and the contribution of the dipole moment of PVP molecules. The electrochemical measurements showed that the current density values were 0.294 and 0.319 mA/cm2 at-1.3 V in the absence of Gd (NG-0) and Gd(5%) doped (NG-2) samples, respectively. ßc was 159 and 132 mV/dec for NG-0 and NG-2 samples, respectively. The diminishing of ßc and the charge resistance (Rct) proved that the Gd doped catalyst enhanced the hydrogen evolution activity and the Gd(5%) doped sample exhibited the highest catalyst performance.
RESUMEN
Spindle-like ErVO4 nanocrystals were synthesized by precipitation in the presence of polyethylene glycol. Structural, optical and magnetic properties of as-prepared ErVO4 nanoparticles with and without polyethylene glycol were compared by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis, vibrating sample magnetometer, and ultraviolet-visible-near infrared spectroscopy. Crystal structures were tetragonal zircon type ErVO4 for both cases, and polyethylene glycol addition decreased average particle size from 70.69 to 38.78 nm, resulting more uniform particle formation. Polyethylene glycol proportion on ErVO4 surfaces was 9.8%, and its inclusion increased ErVO4 magnetization response to an external field as well as improving optical reflectivity, which is critical for nanophosphor use in biomedical fields.
