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PURPOSE: Identifying the target region is critical for successfully treating ventricular tachycardia (VT) with single fraction stereotactic arrhythmia radioablation (STAR). We report the feasibility of target definition based on direct co-registration of electroanatomic maps (EAM) and radioablation planning images. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The EAM consists of 3D cardiac anatomy representation with electrical activity at endocardium and is acquired by a cardiac electrophysiologist (CEP) during electrophysiology study. The CEP generates an EAM using a 3D cardiac mapping system anticipating radioablation planning. Our in-house software read these non-DICOM EAMs, registered them to a planning image set, and converted them to DICOM structure files. The EAM based target volume was finalized based on a consensus of CEPs, radiation oncologists and medical physicists, then expanded to ITV and PTV. The simulation, planning, and treatment is performed with a standard STAR technique: a single fraction of 25 Gy using volumetric-modulated arc therapy or dynamic conformal arc therapy depending on the target shape. RESULTS: Seven patients with refractory VT were treated by defining the target based on registering EAMs on the planning images. Dice similarity indices between reference map and reference contours after registration were 0.814 ± 0.053 and 0.575 ± 0.199 for LV and LA/RV, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The quality of the transferred EAMs on the MR/CT images was sufficient to localize the treatment region. Five of 7 patients demonstrated a dramatic reduction in VT events after 6 weeks. Longer follow-up is required to determine the true safety and efficacy of this therapy using EAM-based direct registration method.
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Radioterapia Conformacional , Radioterapia de Intensidad Modulada , Taquicardia Ventricular , Humanos , Corazón , Taquicardia Ventricular/diagnóstico por imagen , Taquicardia Ventricular/radioterapia , Imagenología Tridimensional , Radioterapia de Intensidad Modulada/métodosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Gastric ulcer has been a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and it has been linked to factors such as nutritional deficiency, smoking, stress, and continuous intake of non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). The search for new anti-ulcer therapeutic agents has been the subject of several studies. Recently, the gastroprotective effect of Celtis iguanaea has been reported, with linoleic acid (LA) responsible for many of the therapeutic effects of this medicinal plant. AIMS: This study aims to investigate the gastroprotective activity and the possible mechanisms in which LA may be involved through different experimental assays in mice. METHODS: The gastroprotective activity of LA was evaluated in the ulcer induced by indomethacin, HCl/EtOH, hypothermic-restraint stress and pyloric ligation. For the investigation of gastroprotective mechanisms, the quantification of the volume (mL), pH and total acidity of gastric secretion were considered. RESULTS: The oral administrations of 25 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg or 100 mg/kg of body weight of LA were capable of protecting the gastric mucosa against HCl/ethanol (10 mL/kg p.o.), and oral/intraduodenal treatment administrations of 50 mg/kg LA showed protection from ulcers induced by indomethacin, hypothermic-restraint stress and pyloric ligation. CONCLUSION: The results of this study show the gastroprotective role of LA in gastric mucosal damage induced by all assayed distresses. The observed gastroprotection possibly occurs due to the mediated increase of mucosal defensive factors.
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Antiulcerosos , Úlcera Gástrica , Animales , Antiulcerosos/farmacología , Antiulcerosos/uso terapéutico , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Etanol/efectos adversos , Mucosa Gástrica , Humanos , Indometacina/efectos adversos , Ácido Linoleico/efectos adversos , Ratones , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Úlcera Gástrica/inducido químicamente , Úlcera Gástrica/tratamiento farmacológicoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Recurrent acute otitis media is common in children. The preferred treatment measures for recurrent acute otitis media have a mixed evidence base. This study sought to assess baseline practice across ENT departments in England. METHODS: A national telephone survey of healthcare staff was conducted. Every ENT centre in England was contacted. A telephone script was used to ask about antibiotic and grommet use and duration in recurrent acute otitis media cases. RESULTS: Ninety-six centres (74 per cent) provided complete information. Recurrent acute otitis media treatment across England by ENT departments varied. The antibiotic first- and second-line prophylaxis offered varies, with trimethoprim used in 33 centres and 29 centres not offering any antibiotics. The timing or choice about when to use grommets also varies, but 87 centres (91 per cent) offer grommet surgery at one stage. CONCLUSION: The treatments received by children in England for recurrent acute otitis media vary by centre; collaborative research in this area is advised.
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Ventilación del Oído Medio/estadística & datos numéricos , Otitis Media/tratamiento farmacológico , Otolaringología/estadística & datos numéricos , Encuestas y Cuestionarios/normas , Enfermedad Aguda , Antibacterianos/administración & dosificación , Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Antiinfecciosos Urinarios/administración & dosificación , Antiinfecciosos Urinarios/uso terapéutico , Niño , Farmacorresistencia Microbiana , Inglaterra/epidemiología , Humanos , Ventilación del Oído Medio/métodos , Otitis Media/cirugía , Otolaringología/organización & administración , Atención Individual de Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Recurrencia , Medicina Estatal/organización & administración , Encuestas y Cuestionarios/estadística & datos numéricos , Trimetoprim/administración & dosificación , Trimetoprim/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
The introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) was able to help to control viral condition in patients livingwith HIV/AIDS, diminishing virus concentration and increasing T CD4 + cells. However, adverse effects follow the treatment,like lipodystrophy syndrome, characterized by morphological changes in body fat distribution and changes serum lipids andglycides levels, increasing the risk for chronical diseases with cardiovascular effects. Thus, complimentary non-drug practices,as strength training, are essential to treat these patients, helping to improve their immunometabolic condition, leading to abetter coping with the disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of a 12-week strength training protocolon immunometabolic system of people living with HIV/AIDS. It is a quasi-experimental study, conducted on 20 patients (16men), all living with HIV/AIDS using HAART. T CD4 + cell numbers, serum triglycerides, cholesterol (total and fractions) andglycemia were measured before and after training. The data underwent to descriptive statistics using a paired T test, withthe significance level set at p <0.05.There was a significant increase of 15.4% (p=0.009) on T CD4 + cells and, although notstatistically significant, reduction on glycemia, total cholesterol and triglycerides and increase on HDL-cholesterol fraction.So, it is suggested that strength training may be effective on immunometabolic condition of people living with HIV / AIDS,increasing T CD4+ cells and controlling serum levels of lipids and glycides.(AU)
La introducción de la terapia antirretroviral altamente activa (HAART) ayudó a controlar la condición viral de los pacientes con HIV/AIDS, reduciendo la concentración del virus y aumentando las células T CD4 +. Sin embargo, los efectos adversos acompañan el tratamiento, como el síndrome de lipodistrofia, caracterizada por cambios morfológicos en la distribución de la grasa corporal y de los niveles metabólicos en los lípidos y glicidos séricos, creciendo el riesgo de enfermedades crónicas con impacto cardiovascular. Así, los tratamientos complementarios no medicados, como el entrenamiento de fuerza, son esenciales en el tratamiento de estos pacientes, lo que contribuye en las mejoras inmunometabólicas en esta población, lo que contribuye a hacer frente a la enfermedad. El propósito de esta investigación fue verificar la influencia de un protocolode entrenamiento de fuerza con duración de 12 semanas en los sistemas inmunometabólicos de personas con HIV/SIDA.Este es un estudio cuasi-experimental, realizado con 20 pacientes (16 hombres), todos con HIV/SIDA usando la terapia HAART,sometidos a un protocolo de entrenamiento de fuerza de 12 semanas. Se tomaron medidas de las variables número de célulasT CD4 +, niveles séricos de triglicéridos, colesterol (total y fracciones) y glucosa en sangre, antes y después del entrenamiento.Los datos fueron analizados mediante estadística descriptiva, con prueba T pareada y nivel significativo establecido en p <0,05.El resultado mostró un aumento significativo en las células T CD4 + en un 15,4% (p=0,009), aunque no es estadísticamentesignificativo, tuve la glucosa en sangre reducida, así como el colesterol total y los triglicéridos, con respectivo aumento dela fracción de colesterol HDL. Por lo tanto, sugerimos que el entrenamiento de fuerza puede ser efectivo en las condicionesinmunológicas y metabólicas de las personas que viven con HIV/AIDS, aumentando las células T CD4 + y controlando los...(AU)
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Entrenamiento de Fuerza , Terapia Antirretroviral Altamente Activa/efectos adversos , VIH , Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida , Lipodistrofia , Linfocitos T CD4-Positivos , Protocolos Clínicos , DeportesRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: There are sparse data on the outcomes of endoscopic stapling of pharyngeal pouches. The Mersey ENT Trainee Collaborative compared regional practice against published benchmarks. METHODS: A 10-year retrospective analysis of endoscopic pharyngeal pouch surgery was conducted and practice was assessed against eight standards. Comparisons were made between results from the tertiary centre and other sites. RESULTS: A total of 225 procedures were performed (range of 1.2-9.2 cases per centre per year). All centres achieved 90 per cent resumption of oral intake within 2 days. All centres achieved less than 2-day hospital stays. Primary success (84 per cent (i.e. abandonment of endoscopic stapling in 16 per cent)), symptom resolution (83 per cent) and recurrence rates (13 per cent) failed to meet the standard across the non-tertiary centres. CONCLUSION: Endoscopic pharyngeal pouch stapling is a procedure with a low mortality and brief in-patient stay. There was significant variance in outcomes across the region. This raises the question of whether this service should become centralised and the preserve of either tertiary centres or sub-specialist practitioners.
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This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the supplementation of flaxseed oil and/or vitamin E on dry matter (DM) and nutrient digestibility, milk composition, fatty acid composition, and antioxidant capacity in buffalo milk. Four crossbred female dairy water buffaloes (97 ± 22 days in milk; 6.57 ± 2.2 kg of milk/day, mean ± SD) were distributed in a 4 × 4 Latin square design, with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement (with or without flaxseed oil at 25 g/kg dry matter; with or without vitamin E at 375 IU/kg dry matter). The experimental period was divided into four periods of 21 days each (16 days for adaptation; five days for data collection). There were four treatments: control diet (no flaxseed oil and no added vitamin E); flaxseed oil diet (flaxseed oil at 25 g/kg DM); vitamin E diet (vitamin E at 375 IU/kg DM), and a combination of both flaxseed oil and vitamin E. The animals were fed total mixed ratios. For all response variables, there was no interaction between flaxseed oil and vitamin E. Flaxseed oil supplementation reduced neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) apparent total tract digestibility, increased the n-3 fatty acid concentration in milk approximately three-fold while reducing the n-6/n-3 ratio from 9.3:1 to 2.4:1. Vitamin E supplementation increased NDF apparent total tract digestibility and milk total antioxidant capacity. Although there was no interaction between the treatments; flaxseed oil supplementation in lactating buffaloes increased polyunsaturated fatty acid, while vitamin E supplementation increased antioxidant capacity and decreased oxidation products.
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The presence of volatile organic compounds in groundwater is a major concern when it is used as a drinking water source because many of these compounds can adversely affect human health. This work reports on the preparation and characterization of white and red Brazilian São Simão's kaolinite-TiO2 nanocomposites and their use as catalysts in the photochemical degradation of toluene, a significant volatile organic compound. The nanocomposites were prepared by a sol-gel procedure, using titanium bis(triethanolaminate)diisopropoxide as a precursor. Thermal treatments of the nanocomposites led to different polymorphic titania phases, while the clay changed from kaolinite to metakaolinite. This structural evolution strongly affected the photocatalytic degradation behavior-all the solids efficiently degraded toluene and the solid calcined at 400 °C, formed by kaolinite and anatase, showed the best behavior (90% degradation). On extending the photochemical treatment up to 48 h, high mineralization levels were reached. The advantage of photodegradation using the nanocomposites was confirmed by comparing the results from isolated components (titanium dioxide and kaolinite) to observe that the nanocomposites displayed fundamental importance to the photodegradation pathways of toluene.
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In subsurface repositories, active bacterial populations may directly influence the fate and transport of radionuclides including in salt repository systems like the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant in Carlsbad, NM. This research quantified the potential for transport and interaction between Chromohalobacter sp. and Cs in a high ionic strength system (2.6â¯M NaCl) containing natural minerals. Mini-column experiments showed that Chromohalobacter moved nearly un-retarded under these conditions and that there was neither association of Cs with microbes nor dolomite despite changes in bacterial metabolic phases. Growth batch experiments that monitored the potential uptake of Cs into the microbes confirmed results in column experiments where intracellular uptake of Cs by Chromohalobacter was not observed. These results show that Cs may be highly mobile if released in high ionic strength systems and/or carbonate minerals with negligible inhibition by these microbes.
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Cesio/metabolismo , Transporte Biológico , Carbonato de Calcio , Cesio/farmacocinética , Chromohalobacter/metabolismo , Coloides/metabolismo , Magnesio , Minerales , Concentración Osmolar , RadioisótoposRESUMEN
The results presented in this paper highlight the complexity of adsorption and incorporation processes of Nd with dolomite and significantly improve upon previous work investigating trivalent actinide and lanthanide interactions with dolomite. Both batch and mini column experiments were conducted at variable ionic strength. These data highlight the strong chemisorption of Nd to the dolomite surface (equilibrium Kd'sâ¯>â¯3000â¯mL/g) and suggest that equilibrium adsorption processes may not be affected by ionic strength based on similar results at 0.1 and 5.0â¯M ionic strength in column breakthrough and equilibrium batch (>5 days) results. Mini column experiments conducted over approximately one year also represent a significant development in measurement of sorption of Nd in the presence of flow as previous large-scale column experiments did not achieve breakthrough likely due to the high loading capacity of dolomite for Nd (up to 240⯵g/g). Batch experiments in the absence of flow show that the rate of Nd removal increases with increasing ionic strength (up to 5.0â¯M) with greater removal at greater ionic strength for a 24â¯h sampling point. We suggest that the increasing ionic strength induces increased mineral dissolution and re-precipitation caused by changes in activity with ionic strength that lead to increased removal of Nd through co-precipitation processes.
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Carbonato de Calcio/química , Magnesio/química , Modelos Químicos , Neodimio/química , Elementos de Series Actinoides/química , Adsorción , Concentración Osmolar , Difracción de Rayos XRESUMEN
The increasing incidence of diabetes mellitus is becoming a serious threat to human health in various parts of the world. Studies with dairy products have shown a potential beneficial effect against diabetes. This experiment evaluated the supplementation of milk naturally enriched with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and polyphenols in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Forty male 28-day-old Wistar rats were distributed in four experimental treatments of diabetic animals (streptozotocin induction) and a normal group (non-induced). Experimental treatments were: control (water), whole common milk (COM-M), milk enriched with PUFA (PUFA-M), milk enriched with PUFA and polyphenols (PUFA/P-M) through a special diet offered to dairy cows. Milk supplementation at a dose 5 mL/kg body weight was performed for 77 days, 42 days before and 35 days after diabetes induction. The COM-M supplementation increased brown fat deposits, reduced post-induction glucose levels, reduced blood fructosamine levels, and improved glucose tolerance. Milk enriched with PUFA reduced final fasting glucose, LDL levels, and improved blood antioxidant capacity. Milk enriched with PUFA and polyphenols promoted an increase in gastrocnemius muscle mass, and a reduction in mesenteric fat and LDL levels. Milk intake, with an emphasis on milk enriched with PUFA and polyphenols, attenuated the metabolic disorders of streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats.
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Alimentación Animal/análisis , Ácidos Grasos Insaturados/química , Leche/química , Polifenoles/química , Animales , Biomarcadores , Glucemia , Peso Corporal , Bovinos , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental , Masculino , RatasRESUMEN
Introduction The aim of this study was to determine whether ultrasound alone is sufficient to safely exclude malignancy in thyroid nodules in a district general hospital setting, to comply with the latest British Thyroid Association guidelines. Methods This retrospective study investigated the quality of ultrasound reporting and the correlation between ultrasound report and histology for individual thyroid nodules. Cases were selected from the thyroid multidisciplinary meeting and included all patients having undergone surgery for a thyroid malignancy in a one-year period. Results Forty-seven patients were included in the study. Ultrasound reports were reviewed and assessed, in which 21 clinicians were involved; 36% of scans included a summary of whether the nodule(s) overall appeared benign, equivocal, suspicious or malignant; 4% of reports included a U classification; 81% of reports commented on cervical lymph nodes. Ultrasound was compared with histology. The sensitivity of ultrasound in correctly identifying nodules requiring further investigation was of 56% and specificity was 81%. Positive predictive value was 81% and negative predictive value was 56%. Discussion These findings suggest that, in a district general hospital setting without a dedicated head and neck radiologist, using only ultrasound and limiting fine-needle aspiration cytology to identify suspicious nodules may not be safe, as a high number of nodules appearing benign on ultrasound may ultimately prove to be malignant.
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Vías Clínicas , Seguridad del Paciente , Nódulo Tiroideo/diagnóstico por imagen , Biopsia con Aguja Fina , Auditoría Clínica , Humanos , Guías de Práctica Clínica como Asunto , Calidad de la Atención de Salud , Estudios Retrospectivos , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Nódulo Tiroideo/patología , UltrasonografíaRESUMEN
The search for more efficient and less aggressive cancer treatment methods has intensified over the last decades and has involved many scientific areas. To provide skin cancer patients with better quality of life, this work aims to incorporate chemotherapy into polyamide membranes, functionalized by the sol-gel methodology, for controlled drug release at the target tissue. A 200-micrometer-thick flexible polyamide membrane prepared by Additive Manufacture was activated and functionalized with the alkoxide 3-chloropropyltriethoxysilane, which was followed by incorporation of the antitumor agent cisplatin. Membrane functionalization with the alkoxide was attested by infrared absorption spectroscopy, which evidenced a band at 1100cm-1, due to Si-O-Si vibration, and typical cisplatin bands at 3200 and 1600cm-1. The thermogravimetric curve revealed increased silicon oxide and platinum residues. Drug release was tested in simulated body fluid. Cytotoxicity was evaluated by the Cell Proliferation Kit, which gave IC50 of 23.95µgM.
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Antineoplásicos/química , Cisplatino/química , Membranas Artificiales , Nylons/química , Antineoplásicos/administración & dosificación , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Antineoplásicos/uso terapéutico , Líquidos Corporales , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Cisplatino/administración & dosificación , Cisplatino/farmacología , Cisplatino/uso terapéutico , Preparaciones de Acción Retardada , Geles , Humanos , Microscopía Electrónica de Rastreo , Modelos Biológicos , Neoplasias Cutáneas/tratamiento farmacológico , Espectrometría por Rayos X , Espectrofotometría Infrarroja , Espectrofotometría Ultravioleta , Termogravimetría , Difracción de Rayos XRESUMEN
CONTEXT: (-)-6,6'-Dinitrohinokinin (DNHK) display remarkable antiparasitic activity and was, therefore, incorporated into a nanoparticle formulation. OBJECTIVE: Incorporation of DNHK in poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles aiming to improve its biological activities. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Synthesis, characterization and incorporation of DNHK into glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles by nanoprecipitation method. The nanoparticles were characterized by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, field emission electron microscopic scanning mansoni (FESEM), and dynamic light scattering (DLS). For the in vitro test with Schistosoma mansoni, the DNHK-loaded PLGA was diluted into the medium, and added at concentrations 10-200 µM to the culture medium containing one adult worm pair. The parasites were kept for 120 h and monitored every 24 h to evaluate their general condition, including: pairing, alterations in motor activity and mortality. RESULTS: The loaded PLGA nanoparticles gave an encapsulation efficiency of 42.2% and showed spherical characteristics in monodisperse polymeric matrix. The adult worm pairs were separated after 120 h of incubation for concentrations higher than 50 µM of DNHK-loaded PLGA. The groups incubated with 150 and 200 µM of DNHK-loaded PLGA for 24 and 120 h killed 100% of adult worms, afforded LC50 values of 137.0 ± 2.12 µM and 79.01 ± 1.90 µM, respectively, which was similar to the effect displayed by 10 µM of praziquantel. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: The incorporation of DNHK-loaded showed schistosomicidal activity and allowed its sustained release. The loaded PLGA system can be administered intravenously, as well as it may be internalized by endocytosis by the target organisms.
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4-Butirolactona/análogos & derivados , Benzodioxoles/administración & dosificación , Ácido Láctico/administración & dosificación , Lignanos/administración & dosificación , Nanopartículas/administración & dosificación , Ácido Poliglicólico/administración & dosificación , Schistosoma mansoni/efectos de los fármacos , Esquistosomicidas/administración & dosificación , 4-Butirolactona/administración & dosificación , 4-Butirolactona/química , Animales , Benzodioxoles/química , Portadores de Fármacos/administración & dosificación , Portadores de Fármacos/química , Femenino , Ácido Láctico/química , Lignanos/química , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Nanopartículas/química , Tamaño de la Partícula , Ácido Poliglicólico/química , Copolímero de Ácido Poliláctico-Ácido Poliglicólico , Schistosoma mansoni/fisiología , Esquistosomicidas/química , Caracoles , Difracción de Rayos XRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The macrophages associated with solid tumors are related to the progression or regression of tumors, depending on the differentiation in M1 or M2. M2 subtype promotes angiogenesis, remodeling, and tissue repair (tumor proliferation). In contrast, M1 produces toxic mediators and presents antigens, destroying microorganisms and tumor cells. The microenvironment of most aggressive forms of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) shows an increase in macrophages due to M2 phenotype compared to noninvasive forms. The treatment of nodular BCC by Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) provides high cure rates, but relapses can occur. AIMS: To compare the total population of macrophages and their subpopulations M1 and M2 in cases of recurrent and nonrecurrent nodular BCC after excision by MMS. MATERIALS & METHODS: Histological sections obtained from paraffin blocks of nine cases of recurrent nodular BCC after MMS and 18 cases of nonrecurrent nodular BCC operated by MMS were immunostained for iNOS, CD204, CD163, and CD68. The expression of these markers was analyzed by image analysis. RESULTS: No significant differences were found between the groups in relation to the average percentage of M1 cells, M2 cells, and total cells. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: A relationship was not seen between tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) and tumor recurrence.
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Carcinoma Basocelular/patología , Carcinoma Basocelular/cirugía , Macrófagos/patología , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/patología , Neoplasias Cutáneas/patología , Neoplasias Cutáneas/cirugía , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Antígenos CD/metabolismo , Antígenos de Diferenciación Mielomonocítica/metabolismo , Recuento de Células , Niño , Femenino , Humanos , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Cirugía de Mohs , Óxido Nítrico Sintasa de Tipo II/metabolismo , Receptores de Superficie Celular/metabolismo , Receptores Depuradores de Clase A/metabolismo , Microambiente TumoralRESUMEN
This study investigated whether intake of cow milk, naturally enriched with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA, omega-3) and polyphenols (from propolis extract and vitamin E), from manipulation of cow's diet, would result in positive metabolic effects in rats from weaning until adulthood. Male Wistar rats were fed a standard chow diet or a hypercaloric diet (metabolically disturbed rats, obese) which was supplemented with either whole common milk, milk enriched with PUFA (PUFA-M) or milk enriched with PUFA and polyphenols (PUFA/P-M), at 5mL/kg body weight,having water as control. Whole milk supplementation increased initial weight gain and reduced gain in the adulthood of rats. Intake of common milk reduced cholesterol levels in non-obese rats and reduced insulin resistance in obese rats. PUFA-milk showed a decreasing effect on plasma triacylglycerol and VLDL concentrations, increasing plasma HDL concentration and reducing adipocyte size of non-obese rats, but no effect was observed in obese rats. PUFA/P-milk in obese rats resulted in greater deposition of muscle mass and mesenteric fat, with a tendency to lower LDL levels, and resulted a visceral fat accumulation in non-obese rats. Thus, whole common milk and PUFA-rich milk have shown to be beneficial in a normal metabolic condition, whereas common milk and milk enriched with PUFA and polyphenols improve metabolic effects of obesity.
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Alimentación Animal , Suplementos Dietéticos , Ácidos Grasos Insaturados , Leche/química , Polifenoles , Animales , Biomarcadores , Glucemia , Peso Corporal , Bovinos , Masculino , RatasRESUMEN
The unique properties of macroporous, mesoporous, and microporous systems, including their ability to accommodate molecules of different sizes inside their pores and to act as drug delivery systems, have been the object of extensive studies. In this work, mesoporous silica with hexagonal structure was obtained by template synthesis via the sol-gel process. The resulting material was used as support to accommodate the anti-inflammatory agent indomethacin. The alkaline route was used to prepare the mesoporous silica; cetyltrimethylammonium bromide was employed as porogenic agent. The silica particles were functionalized with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane alkoxide (APTES) by the sol-gel post-synthesis method. Indomethacin was incorporated into the silica functionalized with APTES and into non-functionalized silica. The resulting systems were characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD), specific area, infrared spectroscopy, and thermal analyses (TGA). XRD attested to formation of mesoporous silica with hexagonal structure. This structure remained after silica functionalization with APTES and incorporation of indomethacin. Typical infrared spectroscopy vibrations and organic material decomposition during TGA confirmed silica functionalization and drug incorporation. The specific surface area and pore volume of the functionalized material incorporated with indomethacin decreased as compared with the specific surface area and pore volume of the non-functionalized silica containing no drug, suggesting both the functionalizing agent and the drug were present in the silica. Cytotoxicity tests conducted on normal fibroblasts (GM0479A) cells attested that the silica matrix containing indomethacin was less toxic than the free drug.
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Antiinflamatorios/química , Sistemas de Liberación de Medicamentos , Porosidad , Dióxido de Silicio , Difracción de Rayos XRESUMEN
This study aimed to assess the capacity of saponite modified with n-hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and/or 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTS) to adsorb and remove caffeine from aqueous solutions. Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) revealed increased basal spacing in the modified saponites. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) confirmed the PXRD results; it also showed how the different clay layers were stacked and provided information on the swelling of natural saponite and of the saponites functionalized with CTAB and/or APTS. Thermal analyses, infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, element chemical analysis, and textural analyses confirmed functionalization of the natural saponite. The maximum adsorption capacity at equilibrium was 80.54 mg/g, indicating that the saponite modified with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane constitutes an efficient and suitable caffeine adsorbent.
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Silicatos de Aluminio/química , Cafeína/aislamiento & purificación , Compuestos Orgánicos/química , Purificación del Agua/métodos , Difracción de Rayos X/métodos , Adsorción , Cafeína/química , Nanopartículas/química , Nanopartículas/ultraestructura , Tamaño de la Partícula , Dispersión del Ángulo Pequeño , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/aislamiento & purificaciónRESUMEN
Hybrid nanosilicas constitute a broad study field. They find application as catalysts, pigments, drug delivery systems, and biomaterials, among others, and it is possible to obtain them via the sol-gel methodology. Lanthanide ions present special properties like light emission. Their incorporation into a silica matrix can enhance their luminescent properties, which enables their application as luminescent markers. This work reports on (i) the preparation of luminescent spherical hybrid silica nanoparticles by the hydrolytic sol-gel methodology, (ii) doping of the resulting matrix with the europium(III) ion or its complex with 1,10-phenanthroline, and (iii) characterization of the final powders by scanning electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and europium(III) ion photoluminescence. The synthesized materials consisted of hybrid, amorphous, polydispersed nonspherical silicas with average size of 180 nm. Photoluminescence confirmed incorporation of the europium(III) ion and its complex into the silica matrix-the ligand-metal charge transfer band emerged in the excitation spectra. The emission spectra presented the bands corresponding to the transition of the excited state (5)D0 level to (7)FJ (J = 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4). The main emission occurred in the red region; the lifetime was long. These characteristics indicated that the prepared nanospherical hybrid silicas could act as luminescent markers.