Comparación de la hemodinámica valvular de la prótesis transcatéter con balón expandible SAPIEN 3 frente a la autoexpandible Evolut R: estudio de casos emparejados / Comparison of the hemodynamic performance of the balloon-expandable SAPIEN 3 versus self-expandable evolut R transcatheter valve: a case-matched study

Introducción y objetivos: Las válvulas SAPIEN 3 (S3) y Medtronic Evolut R (EVR) son prótesis transcatéter de segunda generación, diseñadas para reducir el grado de insuficiencia aórtica (IAo) paravalvular. El objetivo es comparar la hemodinámica valvular en un estudio de casos emparejados con análisis ecocardiográfico independiente. Métodos: De una población de 201 pacientes tratados con implante percutáneo de válvula aórtica, se emparejó a un total de 144 (S3, n = 80; EVR, n = 64) en función del diámetro del anillo y de la puntuación de calcio aórtico medidos por tomografía computarizada. Los ecocardiogramas de seguimiento basal, al mes y a los 6 meses se analizaron de manera independiente y centralizada. Resultados: No se observaron diferencias respecto a las características basales clínicas y ecocardiográficas. La prótesis EVR mostró un mejor perfil hemodinámico evaluado mediante gradiente aórtico máximo (EVR frente a S3, 13 ± 7 frente a 20 ± 10; p < 0,001), gradiente aórtico medio (7 ± 3 frente a 11 ± 6; p < 0,001) e índice de velocidad Doppler (0,65 ± 0,15 frente a 0,51 ± 0,16; p < 0,001). Por otro lado, la tasa de IAo paravalvular moderada-grave o de cualquier grado de IAo paravalvular (≥ leve) fue mayor en el grupo de EVR (el 11 y el 50%) que en el de S3 (el 2,5 y el 21%; p < 0,05), con mayor número de chorros regurgitantes (p < 0,001). Conclusiones: En una cohorte de casos emparejados tratados con implante percutáneo de válvula aórtica de segunda generación, la S3 se asoció con una menor tasa de IAo paravalvular y mayor gradiente transprotésico residual que con la EVR

Introduction and objectives: The SAPIEN 3 (S3) valve and the Medtronic Evolut R (EVR) are second-generation transcatheter valves, designed to further reduce the rate of paravalvular aortic regurgitation (AoR). The aim of this study was to compare the 2 devices in terms of valve performance in a case-matched study with independent echocardiographic analysis. Methods: Of a population of 201 patients who underwent transcatheter aortic valve implantation, 144 patients (S3, n = 80; EVR, n = 64) were matched according to aortic annulus diameter and aortic valve calcium score, as assessed by computed tomography. All echocardiographic examinations collected at baseline and at 1- and 6-month follow-up were centrally analyzed. Results: The 2 groups were well balanced in baseline clinical and echocardiographic characteristics. The EVR valve showed a better hemodynamic profile as assessed by peak aortic gradient (EVR 13 ± 7 vs S3 20 ± 10 mmHg; P < .001), mean aortic gradient (EVR 7 ± 3 vs S3 11 ± 6 mmHg; P < .001), and Doppler velocity index (EVR 0.65 ± 0.15 vs S3 0.51 ± 0.16; P < .001). The rate of moderate-severe or any paravalvular (≥ mild) AoR was higher in the EVR group (11% and 50%) than in the S3 group (2.5% and 21%; P < .05, respectively), with a larger number of paravalvular jets (P < .001). Conclusions: In a case-matched cohort of transcatheter aortic valve implantation patients, the S3 valve was associated with a lower rate of paravalvular AoR but also with a higher residual gradient than the EVR system

Mitral valve navigator. A new diagnostic tool for effective regurgitant orifice quantification in mitral regurgitation.

INTRODUCTION: Mitral regurgitation severity assessment is usually carried out using qualitative, semiquantitative, and quantitative parameters. The mitral valve navigation (MVN) tool allows to measure the mitral effective regurgitant orifice (MERO) from 3D echo datasets. Our aim was to validate the MVN as a new tool to quantify MERO. A secondary aim was to assess the intra- and interobserver variability. METHODS: This is a retrospective study in which consecutive subjects undergoing a transoesophageal echocardiogram for more than mild mitral regurgitation evaluation were included. MERO measurement obtained by means of 3D color Doppler was used as the gold standard method for comparison. In every patient, MERO was also obtained using the MVN tool. RESULTS: Fifty-nine consecutive patients were analyzed (47.5% female; mean age 50.8 years). Mitral regurgitation was moderate in 23 (39%) and severe in 36 (61%) patients. Forty patients (67.8%) had a primary and 19 (32.2%) a secondary mitral regurgitation. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) between 3D color Doppler and MVN was excellent (ICC: 0.95; 95% CI: 0.82 to 0.98; P < 0.001) in the total group and for patients with primary and secondary mitral regurgitation. Intra- and interobserver agreements were also good. CONCLUSIONS: Mitral valve navigator shows an excellent accuracy for measuring MERO when the transoesophageal 3D color Doppler is used as the reference method, either primary or secondary mitral regurgitation. Intraobserver reproducibility and interobserver reproducibility are also excellent. These findings make this software a good alternative method to measure mitral regurgitation severity.

Comparison of the Hemodynamic Performance of the Balloon-expandable SAPIEN 3 Versus Self-expandable Evolut R Transcatheter Valve: A Case-matched Study.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: The SAPIEN 3 (S3) valve and the Medtronic Evolut R (EVR) are second-generation transcatheter valves, designed to further reduce the rate of paravalvular aortic regurgitation (AoR). The aim of this study was to compare the 2 devices in terms of valve performance in a case-matched study with independent echocardiographic analysis. METHODS: Of a population of 201 patients who underwent transcatheter aortic valve implantation, 144 patients (S3, n = 80; EVR, n = 64) were matched according to aortic annulus diameter and aortic valve calcium score, as assessed by computed tomography. All echocardiographic examinations collected at baseline and at 1- and 6-month follow-up were centrally analyzed. RESULTS: The 2 groups were well balanced in baseline clinical and echocardiographic characteristics. The EVR valve showed a better hemodynamic profile as assessed by peak aortic gradient (EVR 13 ± 7 vs S3 20 ± 10mmHg; P<.001), mean aortic gradient (EVR 7 ± 3 vs S3 11 ± 6mmHg; P<.001), and Doppler velocity index (EVR 0.65±0.15 vs S3 0.51±0.16; P<.001). The rate of moderate-severe or any paravalvular (≥ mild) AoR was higher in the EVR group (11% and 50%) than in the S3 group (2.5% and 21%; P <.05, respectively), with a larger number of paravalvular jets (P <.001). CONCLUSIONS: In a case-matched cohort of transcatheter aortic valve implantation patients, the S3 valve was associated with a lower rate of paravalvular AoR but also with a higher residual gradient than the EVR system.

[Uhl's anomaly. A case report with anatomoechocardiographic correlation]. / Anomalía de Uhl. Informe de un caso con correlación anátomo-ecocardiográfica.

UNLABELLED: Uhl's anomaly is an uncommon malformation of the right ventricle, which is characterized by the absence of the myocardium in the right ventricular free wall, while the tricuspid and pulmonary valves are morphologically normal. The aim of this work was to present a clinical case of a patient with Uhl's anomaly, to describe the echocardiographic findings and to perform an anatomoechocardiographic correlation with a corresponding specimen. This is a case report of a 33 year old man with suspicion of atrial septal defect, who was in functional class II of the NYHA and presented signs of right ventricular failure. The echocardiogram showed dilation of the right cavities, the free wall of the right ventricle was thin and smooth, and the tricuspid and pulmonary valves were normal, which prompted the diagnosis of Uhl's anomaly. Also, an anatomoechocardiographic correlation was done with an equivalent specimen of the Embryology Department from the Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia Ignacio Chavez's collection. CONCLUSIONS: Uhl's anomaly is an extremely rare entity. The clinical findings and echocardiography are the main tools for its diagnosis. The anatomoechocardiographic correlation was precise and allowed a better understanding of this anomaly."

Echocardiographic study of a Mestizo-Mexican population with Marfan syndrome.

BACKGROUND: The cardiovascular manifestations of Marfan syndrome (MFS) are the main causes of morbidity and mortality. This study describes the clinical and echocardiographic findings in a Mestizo-Mexican population affected by the disease. METHODS: A total of 166 patients previously diagnosed with MFS were recruited for the study, 114 of them underwent complete clinical history, with emphasis on Ghent nosology criteria, and transthoracic echocardiography, with 68 patients also undergoing transesophageal study. RESULTS: Major cardiovascular criteria from the Ghent nosology predominated in adults (P < 0.0001), minor criteria in children (P = 0.007). Among pediatric patients, 83% had a New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class of I; however, 64% of the adult patients had an NYHA class ≥II, (P < 0.0001). Corrected aortic echocardiographic measurements of both groups demonstrated statistically significant differences. Children had a greater prevalence of mitral valve prolapse, while adults more frequently presented with aortic complications. Seven patients died during follow-up from aortic complications, one child and six adults. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the data, we can conclude that MFS in the Mestizo-Mexican population has a distinctly different clinical pattern in children and adults, and a graver prognosis in adults. Adult patients with MFS are significantly more likely, than children, to have aortic dilation, aortic aneurysm, aortic regurgitation, aneurysm rupture, aortic dissection, and fatal outcome. Children with MFS are more likely, than adults, to present with asymptomatic mitral and tricuspid prolapse and mitral valve regurgitation.