Dominant activating RAC2 mutation with lymphopenia, immunodeficiency, and cytoskeletal defects.

Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 2 (RAC2), through interactions with reduced NAD phosphate oxidase component p67 phox , activates neutrophil superoxide production, whereas interactions with p21-activated kinase are necessary for fMLF-induced actin remodeling. We identified 3 patients with de novo RAC2[E62K] mutations resulting in severe T- and B-cell lymphopenia, myeloid dysfunction, and recurrent respiratory infections. Neutrophils from RAC2[E62K] patients exhibited excessive superoxide production, impaired fMLF-directed chemotaxis, and abnormal macropinocytosis. Cell lines transfected with RAC2[E62K] displayed characteristics of active guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-bound RAC2 including enhanced superoxide production and increased membrane ruffling. Biochemical studies demonstrated that RAC2[E62K] retains intrinsic GTP hydrolysis; however, GTPase-activating protein failed to accelerate hydrolysis resulting in prolonged active GTP-bound RAC2. Rac2+/E62K mice phenocopy the T- and B-cell lymphopenia, increased neutrophil F-actin, and excessive superoxide production seen in patients. This gain-of-function mutation highlights a specific, nonredundant role for RAC2 in hematopoietic cells that discriminates RAC2 from the related, ubiquitous RAC1.

Why Antibiotic Treatment Is Not Enough for Sepsis Resolution: an Evaluation in an Experimental Animal Model.

Sepsis remains a major health problem at the levels of mortality, morbidity, and economic burden to the health care system, a condition that is aggravated by the development of secondary conditions such as septic shock and multiple-organ failure. Our current understanding of the etiology of human sepsis has advanced, at least in part, due to the use of experimental animal models, particularly the model of cecum ligation and puncture (CLP). Antibiotic treatment has been commonly used in this model to closely mirror the treatment of human septic patients. However, whether their use may obscure the elucidation of the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the septic response is questionable. The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of antibiotic treatment in the outcome of a fulminant model of CLP. Various dosing strategies were used for the administration of imipenem, which has broad-spectrum coverage of enteric bacteria. No statistically significant differences in the survival of mice were observed between the different antibiotic dosing strategies and no treatment, suggesting that live bacteria may not be the only factor inducing septic shock. To further investigate this hypothesis, mice were challenged with sterilized or unsterilized cecal contents. We found that exposure of mice to sterilized cecal contents also resulted in a high mortality rate. Therefore, it is possible that bacterial debris, apart from bacterial proliferation, triggers a septic response and contributes to mortality in this model, suggesting that additional factors are involved in the development of septic shock.

Conocimiento del virus del papiloma humano y su vacuna por parte de mujeres de una zona rural de Querétaro, México / Knowledge of the human papilloma virus and its vaccine in women in a rural area ofQuerétaro, México / Conhecimento do vírus do papiloma humano e sua vacina por parte de mulheres de uma zona rural de Querétaro, México

ResumenIntroducción: El virus del papiloma humano (VPH) tiene una alta prevalencia en mujeres jóvenes, por lo que considera un problema de salud pública. Al respecto, en el año 2011, México ocupó el decimonoveno lugar de las enfermedades transmisibles y más del 90% de casos de cáncer cérvicouterino están ligados a esa enfermedad. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar el nivel de conocimientos sobre el VPH, la vacuna y las conductas de riesgo de mujeres adultas jóvenes de una comunidad rural de San Juan del Río, Querétaro, México.Metodología:El estudio fue transversal, descriptivo, el muestreo fue por conveniencia en mujeres de 20 a 40 años. Se aplicó el instrumento "el VPH y su salud" con un Alfa de Cronbach de 0.79, dividido en datos sociodemográficos, conocimientos de VPH y vacuna, aspectos de salud y fuentes de información. Se encuestó a 45 personas, con una edad de x=27.8 y s=5.9 años.Resultados: El conocimiento de las mujeres respecto del VPH corresponde a un 22% (bueno); 20%, regular; 17.78%, deficiente y 40%, muy deficiente. En cuanto a la vacuna, un 2.2% evidenció excelente conocimiento, mientras que el de un 53.3% fue muy deficiente. En relación con las conductas de riesgo, están en un rango de medio y bajo (46.7%) y alto (2.2%) (inicio temprano de vida sexual, drogas).Conclusión: Es necesario mejorar los conocimientos del VPH para que la población evite el desarrollo del cáncer cérvico-uterino por el virus; además se requiere explicar a las mujeres la inmunización contra el VPH, así como el funcionamiento y la importancia de la administración de la vacuna a niñas.

AbstractIntroduction: The human papillomavirus (HPV) has a high prevalence in young women resulting on a problem of public health. In México, it occupied the nineteenth place in the 2011 of transmissible diseases and more than 90% of cervical cancer cases are related to it. The aim of the research was to determine the level of knowledge about HPV, vaccine and risk behaviors of young adult woman in a rural community of San Juan del Río, Querétaro, México.Methodology:The study was cross-sectional; convenience sample on woman from 20 to 40 years old. The instrument used was "HPV and Health" with a Cronbach´s alpha of 0.79, divided into sociodemographic data, knowledge of HPV and vaccine, health aspects and information sources. 45 people were surveyed; age X=27.8, S=5.9 years.Results: Women presented a good level of knowledge about the HPV with 22%, 20% regular, 17.78% deficient and 40 % very deficient. Regarding the vaccine 53.3% had deficient knowledge and 2.2% had excellent. It is necessary to improve knowledge about HPV in order to for people to avoid the development of cervical cancer virus;Conclusion:It is also required to explain women about immunization against HPV, as well as the operation and the importance of administering the vaccine to girls.

ResumoIntrodução. O vírus do papiloma humano (VPH) tem uma alta prevalência em mulheres jovens, motivo pelo qual se considera um problema de saúde pública. A respeito, no ano 2011, o México ocupou o décimo nono lugar das doenças transmissíveis e mais de 90% de casos de câncer cérvico uterino estão ligados a essa doença. O objetivo do estudo foi determinar o nível de conhecimento sobre o VPH, a vacina e as condutas de risco em mulheres adultas jovens de uma comunidade rural de San Juan del Río, Querétaro, México.Método. O estudo foi transversal, descritivo, amostra por conveniência em mulheres de 20 a 40 anos. Aplicou-se o instrumento "o VPH e sua saúde" com um Alfa de Cronbach de 0.79, dividido em dados socio-demográficos, conhecimentos de VPH e vacina, aspectos de saúde e fontes de informação. Foram feitas entrevistas a 45 pessoas, com idade de x=27.8 e s=5.9 anosResultados. O conhecimento das mulheres com relação ao VPH corresponde a 22% (bom); 20%, regular; 17.78%, deficiente e 40%, muito deficiente. Em relação a vacina, 2.2% evidenciou excelente conhecimento, enquanto que 53.3% foi muito deficiente. Em relação com as condutas de risco, estão em um nível de média e baixa (46.7%) e alta (2.2%) (início precoce de vida sexual, drogas).Conclusão. É necessário melhorar os conhecimentos do VPH para que a população evite o desenvolvimeno de câncer cérvico-uterino pelo vírus; ademais se requer explicar para as mulheres a imunização contra o VPH, assim como o funcionamento e a importância da administração da vacina nas meninas.

[Self-care ability in the hypertensive patient control]. / La capacidad de autocuidado en el control del paciente hipertenso.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: Trough an analytical cross-sectional study the association of self-care ability and the blood pressure control was evaluated. We studied controlled and uncontrolled hypertensive patients, both groups with 79 subjects. Self-care basic conditioning factors and capacities scale in patients with hypertension was used. RESULTS: Self-care ability was good in 73.4% of controlled and in 3.8% of the uncontrolled patients (p < 0.05). The 91.2% of controlled and 67.9% of uncontrolled presented a positive family system (p < 0.05). Socio-cultural factors were good in 64.6% of controlled against 16.7% of the uncontrolled (p < 0.05). Environmental factors were good in 50.6% of controlled and 2.6% of the uncontrolled (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: According to these results we conclude that there is association between self-care ability and control of hypertension.