[Dietary intake of children with cystic fibrosis].

The high incidence of nutritional deficiency in cystic fibrosis continues to be an urgent problem in pediatrics. This is due to the multifactorial nature of these violations, one of which is the lack of effectiveness of nutritional correction. The aim of the research was to assess the actual diet of children and adolescents suffering from cystic fibrosis in order to develop an algorithm for individual approaches to correcting nutritional status. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 150 children (boys - 85, girls - 65) aged 1 year to 18 years (average age 6.4±5.2 years) with a confirmed diagnosis of cystic fibrosis have been examined. Depending on age, the children were divided into groups: the 1st group consisted of 40 children from 1 year to 2 years (average age 1.9±0.7 years); 2nd group - from 3 to 5 years (n=41, 4.4±1.0 years); 3rd group - from 6 to 9 years (n=43, 7.7±1.1 years); 4th group - from 10 to 18 years old (n=26, 13.1±2.5). The actual nutrition was evaluated by questionnaire for 3 days, including one day off. Body mass, height have been measured, and body mass index (BMI) have been calculated. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Only children of the first three years of life had an optimal diet for this disease in terms of energy value. At the age of 3 years and older, the deficit of energy intake increased, reaching 32% of the individual requirement in adolescence (10-18 years). The structure of nutrition revealed an imbalance of the main nutrients in the direction of the predominance of the lipid component (more than 40% of the energy value) and increased intake of saturated fatty acids, with a reduced proportion of protein and carbohydrates. There was a lack of dietary intake of a number of vitamins (C, B1, B2, A, E, D) and mineral substances (iron, potassium). CONCLUSION: The study showed the need for an individual approach to the correction of diet energy value and macronutrient intake in children with cystic fibrosis.

[Modeling of the impact of chemotherapeutic agents on primary cultures of metastatic soft tissue sarcomas in the automated analytical system CELL-IQ].

This work presents results of long-term phase-contrast microscopy research of proliferative potential of soft tissue sarcomas utilizing live-cell imaging technology Cell-IQ (Chip-Man Technologies Ltd, Finland). It was found that the machine vision technology allowed to obtained sufficient body of evidence about high-quality and quantitative changes of proliferative activity of the cells soft tissue sarcoma cultivated in static conditions. The present study demonstrates that modeling in time interval of maximum proliferative activity of soft tissue sarcoma cells increases information efficacy and reliability of the analysis of dividing cells patterns using Cell-IQ technology. The models of exponential growth of tumor cells soft sarcomas, describing their quantitative and dynamic changes of expansion potential to chemotherapeutic agents have been received. Modeling of maximum tumor cells proliferative activity in vitro can be applied for development of test-system of individual cell sensitivity to chemotherapy in vivo.

[Food sensitization in children with Opisthorchis felineus invasion].

AIM: To determine the mechanism of food sensitization in children with chronic Opisthorchis felineus invasion. PATIENTS AND METHODS: During the epidemiological study the groups of patients (7-10 years) with chronic opisthorchiasis (n = 237) and children without chronic opisthorchiasis (n = 496) were formed. The investigation included interviewing of parents/guardians, measurement of total IgE, specific IgE to food allergens and component-resolved diagnostic, real-time PCR in stool samples. RESULTS: The chronic opisthorchiasis invasion in children is associated with reduced risk of food sensitization, compared with non-infected group (9.7 vs 16.94%, OR = 0.53; 95% CI 0.31-0.88; p = 0.01). Opisthorchiasis of high intensity negatively correlated with increased level of specific IgE to food allergens in serum (OR = 0.46; 95% CI 0.24-0.91; p = 0.023). The association between level of total IgE and intensity of opisthorchiasis combinated with food sensitization was found. The sensitization to allergens class I (cyp c1, cor a11, gal d2, pru p3) is more prevalent in patients with opisthorchiasis, in uninfected children the sensitization to bet v1-homologues (mal d1, pru p1, cor a1, ara h8) is most common. CONCLUSIONS: The epidemiological data on the effect of the Opisthorchis felineus invasion on mechanisms of food sensitization in children were obtained.

[The prevalence of food allergy to peanut and hazelnut in children in Tomsk Region].

Food allergy to peanuts and nuts is an actual problem of practical health care, associated with significant prevalence of this disease, severe clinical symptoms and difficulty of diet organization. Purpose of the study--to study the prevalence of food allergy to peanut and hazelnut in Russian children, the investigation of clinical characteristics of this disease, and the mechanisms of sensitization to allergen components. The cross-sectional study was performed in the framework of the EuroPrevall (No FP6-2006-TTC-TU-5 Proposal 045879). The first stage was performed in random samples of primary schoolchildren aged 7-10 years (n = 13 010) from the Tomsk Region, Russia using a standardized questionnaire. The case-control sample was recruited for the second stage (n = 1288). Thus who reported adverse reactions to food in the screening stage were considered as cases (n = 652), children without reported reactions were controls (n = 636). The case-control stage included the completion of a clinical questionnaire, skin-prick test (ALK-Abelly, Spain), serum specific IgE measurement and component-resolved diagnostic: IgE measurement of allergen components of peanut (Ara h1, Ara h26, Ara h34, Ara h8), hazelnut (Cor a1, Cor a8, Cor a11) and birch allergen Bet v1 (ImmunoCAP, Phadia, Sweden). The prevalence of food allergy to peanut and hazelnut in children aged 7-10 years in the Tomsk region is 0.08 and 0.09%, respectively. The manifestation of the food allergy to nuts occurs in the preschool years, main reactions associated with allergy to nuts were oral allergy syndrome (75-80%), gastrointestinal disorders (60-80%) and itching skin rash (20-50%). Sensitization to birch is significantly correlated with the level of specific IgE to hazelnut (r = 0.53, p < 0.05) and peanut (r = 0.56, p < 0.05). Sensitization to heat-labile proteins peanut Ara h8 (12.3%) and hazelnut Cor a1 (8.8%) (homologues of Bet v1) dominates in the sample of children with food sensitization, that determines the cross-reactivity mechanism in the formation of food sensitization in the studied sample. The prevalence of allergies to peanut and hazelnut in Russia is much lower than in Europe and North America. Sensitization to these foods develops by the mechanism of cross-reactivity with birch pollen allergen. This type of sensitization determines mild clinical symptoms of allergy to hazelnut and peanut.

[The prevalence of food allergies in children in world nidus of opisthorchiasis: background and study methodology of epidemiological survey EuroPrevall].

Accordingly to numerous surveys food allergy affects up to 2-6% of population in different countries and varies due to numerous factors including the prevalence of helminths infestation. The food allergy prevalence data in Russia are based on official medical statistics. The study was performed as part of "The Prevalence, Cost and Basis of Food Allergy Across Europe" (EU funded project No FP6-2006-TTC-TU-5 Proposal 045879 EuroPrevall). The aim is to create the concept offood allergy in children in opisthorchiasis endemic area based on epidemiological study of the prevalence, risk factors and clinical features. The main objective of the study will be the working out of the food safety regulations. This article describes the study design and its methodology.

[Supravascular laser exposure in combined modality treatment of patients with arteriosclerosis obliterans of blood vessels of lower extremities]. / Primenenie nadsosudistogo lazernogo oblucheniia v kompleksnom lechenii bol'nykh obliteriruiushchim aterosklerozom sosudov nizhnikh konechnostei.

The efficiency of supravascular laser exposure in multiple-modality treatment of patients with atherosclerosis obliterans with distal vascular lesions is demonstrated and the method of noninvasive laser exposure of the lower limbs is validated. Difficulties in the treatment of this category of patients prompted supplementing traditional therapy by supravascular laser exposure in 32 patients. No laser therapy was used in the controls.

[Characteristics of response to isometric exercise in women with stable arterial hypertension]. / Osobennosti reaktsii na izometricheskuiu nagruzku u zhenshchin so stabil'noi arterial'noi gipertenziei.

In 50 females with Stage II persistent hypertension, tetrapolar thoracic rheography was employed to measure cardiac index (CI), stroke index (SI), specific peripheral resistance (SPR), blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR) before and during isometric exercise when antihypertensive drugs were withdrawn. The patients with a family history of hypertension were found to have impaired homeostatic mechanisms preventing an excess elevation in BP during isometric exercise. The females of reproductive age showed a greater increase in BP, HR, SI, CI and a lower decrease in SPR in response to the exercise than did menopausal females. Left ventricular hypertrophy contributes to a positive inotropic action shown by sympathetic cardiac stimulation during isometric exercise, as evidenced by a lower reduction or elevation in SI. The detected responses to isometric exercise may serve as criteria for differential approach to the choice of adequate antihypertensive therapy.

[Multifactorial analysis of the hemodynamic reactions to a physical load in hypertension]. / Mnogofaktornyi analiz gemodinamicheskikh reaktsii na fizicheskuiu nagruzku pri gipertonicheskoi bolezni.

Multifactorial analysis of findings from 66 essentially hypertensive patients and 14 normal subjects investigated during bicycle ergometry (250 and 500 kgm/min) demonstrated a relationship between hemodynamic changes and the patient's baseline status, age and stage of the disease. Hypertensive patients showed greater AP response to exercise and smaller changes in heart productivity and vascular tone, as compared to normal subjects with similar resting hemodynamic status. Patients with high resting AP and CI values showed smaller shifts during bicycle ergometry, as compared to other patients at the same stage of the disease, while diastolic AP increase was more pronounced in elderly patients.

[Integration of motor and autonomic functions during muscle work]. / Integratsiia dvigatel'nykh i vegetativnykh funktsii pri myshechnoi rabote.

In isometric efforts small energy expenditure was found to involve an inadequate increase of the heart rate and blood pressure. In dynamic cyclic loads, the heart rate and blood pressure increase occurs linearly, corresponding to the increase of O2 consumption and systolic index. Voluntary relaxation of muscles in the course of cyclic load involves small values of the O2 consumption and systolic index, as well as low heart rate and blood pressure. In natural cyclic and noncyclic motor activity, the character of integration of the motor and vegetative functions depends on the relative weight of each of the biomechanical modes.

[Physical loading in the diagnosis and evaluation of the efficacy of treatment of hypertension]. / Fizicheskie nagruzki v diagnostike i otsenke éffektivnosti lecheniia gipertonicheskoi bolezni.

On the basis of the study into the parameters of systemic hemodynamics during bicycle ergometric exercise, and their processing with the help of the programme of multiple step-wise regression in computer CM-3, an algorithm was derived whose employment makes it possible to determine very reliably the severity of the disease, and which also facilitates an early diagnosis of essential hypertension and reflects the effectiveness of the therapy.