Racial and Ethnic Diversity in Janus Kinase Inhibitor Alopecia Areata Clinical Trials: A Systematic Review.

Background: Alopecia areata (AA) is a chronic autoimmune disease that causes non-scarring alopecia. A few studies have shown increased odds of AA in Black individuals compared to White individuals and increased odds of AA in Latinos compared to non-Latinos. Another study showed that Asians have lower odds of AA compared to Whites. Baricitinib, a Janus kinase inhibitor (JAKi), became the first Federal Drug Administration (FDA)-approved medication for adult patients with severe AA in June 2022. Objectives: The aim of this review was to analyze published JAKi AA randomized controlled trials to characterize and assess the racial and ethnic representation of participants. Animal studies, studies unrelated to AA, and studies not investigating JAKis were excluded. Methods: PubMed and clinicaltrials.gov were searched for systematic reviews of clinical trials between 1990 and 2022. Results: Six clinical trials were included with a total of 1,690 subjects. Four trials were industry-sponsored, while two were university-sponsored. The three largest races represented included White (59.9%), Asian (28.0%), and African American/Black (8.1%). Three out of the 10 patients identified as Hispanic. None of the trials included sub-analyses of clinical efficacy based on race and/or ethnicity. Conclusions: Our results show that populations with lower odds of AA (Whites and Asians) are overrepresented in JAKi AA clinical trials compared to Black and Hispanic/Latino patients.

Treatment modalities for lymphocytic and neutrophilic scarring alopecia.

Primary cicatricial alopecia can result in permanent hair loss from the destruction of hair follicles. Early intervention is key in controlling disease progression, reducing symptoms, and optimizing hair density. Treatment modalities range from topical and intralesional therapies to oral medications and light therapy.

Diagnostic methods for the confirmation of non-purulent cellulitis: a review.

Cellulitis is the most common cause for skin disease hospitalization with costs totaling over $7 billion. It can be challenging to diagnose due to clinical similarities with other inflammatory conditions and the lack of a gold-standard diagnostic test. This article reviews the different testing methods for the diagnosis of non-purulent cellulitis based on three categories (1) clinical scoring assessments, (2) in vivo imaging techniques, and (3) laboratory assessments.

Androgenetic Alopecia: Therapy Update.

Androgenetic alopecia (AGA), also known as male pattern hair loss (MPHL) or female pattern hair loss (FPHL), is the most common form of alopecia worldwide, and arises from an excessive response to androgens. AGA presents itself in a characteristic distribution unique to both sexes. Despite its prevalence, AGA can be quite challenging to treat. The condition is chronic in nature and stems from an interplay of genetic and environmental factors. There are only two US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs for the condition: topical minoxidil and oral finasteride. However, numerous non-FDA-approved treatments have been shown to be effective in treating AGA in various studies. Some of these treatments are relatively new and still to be explored, thus emphasizing the need for an updated review of the literature. In this comprehensive review, we discuss the evaluation of AGA and the mechanisms of action, costs, efficacies, and safety profiles of existing, alternative, and upcoming therapeutics for this widespread condition.

An Analysis of Information Sources of YouTube Videos Pertaining to Tattoo Removal: Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: The American Academy of Dermatology and the Food and Drug Administration recommend consultation with a dermatologist prior to undergoing laser tattoo removal. However, non-health care professionals offer tattoo removal. Understanding the information available on the internet for patients regarding tattoo removal is important given that individuals are increasingly consulting digital sources to make decisions regarding skin care. Prior research has identified that YouTube contains misinformation on dermatologic health. Objective: Here, we present a cross-sectional study that determined the sources of information in YouTube videos that discuss tattoo removal and described the content presented to viewers. Methods: Using the query "tattoo removal," we reviewed English-language YouTube videos that explicitly discussed tattoo removal. The following data were recorded: profession of the presenter, tattoo removal method discussed, whether an explicit recommendation to see a dermatologist or physician was present in the video, and number of views. Results: We analyzed 162 YouTube videos. We found that the majority were presented by non-health care professionals (n=125, 77%), with only 4 (3.7%) records of this subset recommending viewers to seek consultation from a dermatologist to ensure safe and adequate tattoo removal. Conclusions: Based on our findings, we recommend that dermatologists and other health care professionals provide high-quality, evidence-based information to viewers on tattoo removal and encourage dermatology societies to share via their social media platforms information about the importance of consulting a dermatologist for tattoo removal.