RESUMEN
A single-nucleotide polymorphism in the human arylamine N-acetyltransferase 2 (Nat2) gene has recently been identified as associated with insulin resistance in humans. To understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which alterations in Nat2 activity might cause insulin resistance, we examined murine ortholog Nat1 knockout (KO) mice. Nat1 KO mice manifested whole-body insulin resistance, which could be attributed to reduced muscle, liver, and adipose tissue insulin sensitivity. Hepatic and muscle insulin resistance were associated with marked increases in both liver and muscle triglyceride (TAG) and diacylglycerol (DAG) content, which was associated with increased PKCε activation in liver and increased PKCθ activation in skeletal muscle. Nat1 KO mice also displayed reduced whole-body energy expenditure and reduced mitochondrial oxygen consumption in white adipose tissue, brown adipose tissue, and hepatocytes. Taken together, these studies demonstrate that Nat1 deletion promotes reduced mitochondrial activity and is associated with ectopic lipid-induced insulin resistance. These results provide a potential genetic link among mitochondrial dysfunction with increased ectopic lipid deposition, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes.
Asunto(s)
Arilamina N-Acetiltransferasa/deficiencia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Metabolismo Energético , Resistencia a la Insulina , Isoenzimas/deficiencia , Mitocondrias/enzimología , Enfermedades Mitocondriales , Tejido Adiposo Pardo/enzimología , Tejido Adiposo Pardo/patología , Tejido Adiposo Blanco/enzimología , Tejido Adiposo Blanco/patología , Animales , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/enzimología , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/genética , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/patología , Diglicéridos/genética , Diglicéridos/metabolismo , Hígado/enzimología , Hígado/patología , Ratones , Ratones Noqueados , Mitocondrias/genética , Mitocondrias/patología , Enfermedades Mitocondriales/enzimología , Enfermedades Mitocondriales/genética , Enfermedades Mitocondriales/patología , Músculo Esquelético/enzimología , Músculo Esquelético/patología , Consumo de Oxígeno/genética , Proteína Quinasa C-epsilon/genética , Proteína Quinasa C-epsilon/metabolismo , Triglicéridos/genética , Triglicéridos/metabolismoRESUMEN
Aberrant expression of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) has been regarded as a critical component in bladder cancer (BC) and lncRNAs have been associated with BC development and progression although their overall expression and functional significance is still unclear. The aim of our study was to identify novel lncRNAs with a functional role in BC carcinogenesis. RNA-sequencing was used to identify aberrantly expressed lncRNAs in 8 normal and 72 BC samples. We identified 89 lncRNAs that were significantly dys-regulated in BC. Five lncRNAs; LINC00958, LINC01296, LINC00355, LNC-CMC1-1 and LNC-ALX1-2 were selected for further analyses. Silencing of LINC00958 or LINC01296 in vitro reduced both cell viability and migration. Knock-down of LINC00958 also affected invasion and resistance to anoikis. These cellular effects could be linked to direct/indirect regulation of protein coding mRNAs involved in cell death/survival, proliferation and cellular movement. Finally, we showed that LINC00958 binds proteins involved in regulation and initiation of translation and in post-transcriptional modification of RNA, including Metadherin, which has previously been associated with BC. Our analyses identified novel lncRNAs in BC that likely act as oncogenic drivers contributing to an aggressive cancerous phenotype likely through interaction with proteins involved in initiation of translation and/or post-transcriptional modification of RNA.
