Relationship Between Anatomic Features of the Placenta, the Type of Abnormal Placental Cord Insertion and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes in Singleton Pregnancies: A Prospective Observational Study.

INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to evaluate the potential value of placental anatomic features and various types of normal and abnormal cord insertion types in predicting adverse maternal-fetal outcomes in singleton pregnancies. We also tried to assess the association between these outcomes and various types of placental cord insertion. METHOD: This prospective observational study was performed on singleton pregnancies. For each patient placental features including diameter, thickness, type of cord insertion, and the shortest distance between the cord insertion point and placental edge were recorded. The relationship between these factors and the development of multiple adverse pregnancy outcomes including preterm labor, intrauterine fetal death (IUFD), and the rate of neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admissions were evaluated and reported. RESULTS: Overall 308 patients were enrolled in the study. Smoker mothers had significantly smaller placentas (P-value = .008), and those with lower diameter placentas were more likely to suffer from IUFD (P-value = .0001). Shorter placental cord insertion distances led to more episodes of preterm labor (P-value = .057). Eccentric-type placental cord insertion was significantly associated with the development of preeclampsia (P-value = .006). DISCUSSION: Abnormalities in placental diameter and cord insertion can lead to significant maternal-fetal complications including preterm labor, IUFD, and preeclampsia.

Platelet to lymphocyte and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio in the first trimester of pregnancy, are they useful for predicting spontaneous miscarriage? A case-control study.

Background: In 15% of all clinical pregnancies, a miscarriage can occur, but the exact cause of this phenomenon is not fully understood. However, it is believed that a faulty placenta, which triggers an inflammatory response in the mother's body, may be one of the causes. Medical literature has increasingly focused on 2 indicators of inflammation, the platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR). Despite this, there has yet to be a study conducted that examines the rates of PLR and NLR in cases of miscarriage. Objective: This study aims to determine whether there is an increase in complete blood count inflammatory parameters such as NLR and PLR in women who experience miscarriages. Materials and Methods: This retrospective case-control study was conducted from March 2021 to March 2022, across 3 academic hospitals in Tehran, Iran. A total of 240 participants were enrolled comprising individuals with either miscarriages or normal pregnancies (n = 120/each). Data were collected from the medical records of participants aged between 18-42 yr old, with gestational age ranging from 6-13 wk. The demographic information, including age, body mass index, parity, history of abortion, number of abortions, number of living children, hematocrit and hemoglobin levels, platelet distribution width (PDW), PLR, NLR, mean platelet volume, and platelet were extracted from their records. The gestational age was also recorded. Results: A total of 240 participants were recruited for the study. PDW, NLR, PLR, and lymphocyte values were higher in the miscarriage group compared to the healthy normal pregnant women (p < 0.001). Mean platelet volumes were found to be lower in the miscarriage group compared to the healthy normal pregnant women (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Although, no statistically significant difference was observed in the hemoglobin, hematocrit, platelets, and neutrophils in these 2 groups of pregnant women. The higher inflammatory markers including PDW, NLR, and PLR could potentially aid in the speculation of defective placentation as a contributing factor to the development of miscarriage. Measurement of these markers may be useful to predict pregnancy leading to miscarriage.

Risk Factors for Anti Mullerian Hormone Decline after Laparoscopic Excision of Endometrioma: A Prospective Study.

BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic excision of ovarian endometrioma is believed to decrease the ovarian reserve, but the risk factors of declining ovarian reserve are not well studied. This study aimed to determine the risk factors of anti mullerian hormone (AMH) decline after laparoscopic surgery of endometrioma.
Materials and Methods: This prospective study was recruited in Yas and Arash Hospitals affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences from 2020 to 2021. Women between 18-45 years with ovarian endometriomas with a diameter greater than 3 centimeters who were candidates for laparoscopy were included. AMH, luteinizing hormone (LH),
and follicular stimulating hormone (FSH) as well as cancer antigen 125 (CA125) and cancer antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) were obtained and compared pre and postoperatively. Indeed, the relation of AMH decline rate and the demographic, symptoms and endometrioma characteristics were investigated either.
Results: In this study, 100 women were recruited. The mean ± SD age of the participants was 29.08 ± 4.6. AMH (P<0.000) and LH (P=0.013) declined significantly postoperatively. Whereas, no significant difference was observed between pre and postoperative FSH (P=0.520). AMH decline rate was 30.07 ± 2.30% and didn't have significant relation with the demographic characteristics, preoperative AMH, and the amount of CA125. Otherwise in the multivariate analysys, CA125 (P=0.160) and the grade of endometriosis (P=0.05) had significant correlation with AMH decline rate.
Conclusion: Ovarian reserve decline after laparoscopic excision of endometrioma. Otherwise, there may no specific risk factor to predict the degree of ovarian reserve decline. Therefore, the selection of patients for laparoscopic excision of endometrioma should be taken more cautiously as the ovarian reserve diminishes even in the patients with the lowest risks.

Atypical presentation of cardiomyopathy in a case of maternal mortality that was demonstrated as hypovolemic shock.

Periconceptional and prenatal care should be continued even during COVID-19 pandemics. Indeed, prevention and intervention programs for managing heart failure with aggressive resuscitation and invasive monitoring help to provide the best outcomes in cardiomyopathies. PPH may be associated with cardiac diseases and the resuscitation measures need modification to prevent maternal mortality.

Sexual Quality of Life in Gynecological Cancer Survivors in Iran.

OBJECTIVE: Patients with gynecological cancer might suffer from suboptimal sexual quality of life. This cross sectional study aimed to assess the sexual quality of life in the survivors of gynecological cancers and was recruited in a teaching hospital affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences between 2018 and 2020. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The data was collected by a web-based platform with validated self-administered questionnaires including demographic information, and the Sexual Quality of Life-Female (SQOL-F) questionnaire. The data were analyzed using appropriate tests. RESULTS: Totally, 42% (106) of the participants had a sexual relationship in the last 6 months. The mean (SD) of sexual quality of life score was 46.84 (11.86) with the range of 0-90. The patients with cervical cancer had a worse sexual quality of life in Psychosexual Feelings (P=0.048) and Self-Worthlessness (p=0.036) compared with other gynecological cancers. Sexual quality of life did not improve or worsen over time. CONCLUSION: It is concluded poor sexual quality of life need further attention in the traditional societies and healthcare providers are urged to improve their sexual quality of life.
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