TRIM31 enhances chemoresistance in glioblastoma through activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.

Temozolomide (TMZ) resistance is a complication of treatment of glioma, and new strategies are urgently required to overcome chemoresistance in glioma cells. In the present study, it was demonstrated that tripartite motif-containing 31 (TRIM31) was abnormally upregulated in glioma tissues and cell lines compared with normal samples. Furthermore, the role of TRIM31 was assessed by overexpressing and knocking down its expression. Overexpression of TRIM31 increased cell viability, increased TMZ IC50 values and inhibited apoptosis in A172 and U251 cells; whereas overexpression of TRIM31 decreased the expression of the apoptosis-associated protein p53. Knockdown of TRIM31 increased apoptosis in cells treated with TMZ. Additionally, the mechanisms by which TRIM31 affected glioma cells treated with TMZ were determined. Overexpression of TRIM31 increased phosphorylation of AKT and inhibiting the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway abolished the increase in cell viability and decreased phospho-Akt protein expression in TRIM31 overexpressing A172 cells treated with TMZ. Together, the findings suggest that TRIM31 may be a potentially novel target for glioma chemotherapy.

[Effects of Fulvic Acid on Absorption and Form Distribution of Heavy Metals on Sediments].

Based on the extracted fulvic acid (FA) from Lake Wuliangsuhai sediments by sequential alkali extraction, this work studied the effects of FA on the adsorption and fraction distribution of heavy metals (HM) on sediments using original sediments and sediments treated with 30% H2O2 as adsorbents. The results showed both organic matter and FA had effects on the HM adsorption onto sediments; The treatments of FA-free conditions and the sediments treated by H2O2 showed relatively strong influence on Cu²âº adsorption, which decreased the Cu²âº adsorption by 17.85%. With the increasing FA addition, the adsorption percentage of HM on both types of sediments showed gradually decreasing trends, with the order of Cu²âº >> Cd²âº > Zn²âº > Pb²âº; when the FA content was more than 5% , FA became the governing factor on the decreasing adsorption percentage of HM. With increasing FA addition, forms distribution of HM showed significant changes in both types of sediments; i. e. FA additions showed significant negative and positive correlations with percentages of metals bound to carbonates and organic matter, respectively, since the FA addition increased the H⁺ concentration of the system, in which H⁺ could activate the metals bound to carbonate from the sediments. As an organophilic weak element, the fraction percentage of Cd bound to organic matter was the lowest with the minimal changes.

[Rapid pore cranial drilling and ventricular drainage in the treatment of ventricular hemorrhage caused by thalamic hemorrhage: an analysis of 401 cases].

OBJECTIVE: To summarize the clinical efficacies and experiences of using rapid pore cranial drilling and external ventricular drainage (EVD) in the treatment of ventricular hemorrhage caused by thalamic hemorrhage. METHODS: Retrospective analysis was conducted for 401 patients at 5 hospitals from May 1983 to December 2010. They underwent EVD with an infusion of urokinase for intraventricular hemorrhage caused by thalamic hemorrhage. There were 212 males and 189 females with an age range of 19 - 78 years. RESULTS: After a 1-month therapy, the outcomes were cure 147/401 (36.7%), improvement 192/401 (47.9%) and others (death and against-advice discharge) 62/401 (15.4%). After 1-3-month treatment, their prognoses were evaluated by activity of daily living (ADL): ADLI 147/401, ADLII 82/401, ADLIII 76/401, ADLIV 19/401, ADLV 15/401, death 43/401 and against-advice discharge 19/401. During a follow-up period of 1 - 3 years, 274 patients showed the following outcomes: ADLI 122/243, ADLII 63/243, ADLIII 58/243 while 31 patients died from pulmonary infection. CONCLUSION: The procedure of EVD (including an infusion of urokinase) with rapid pore cranial drilling is preferred treatment for ventricular hemorrhage caused by thalamic hemorrhage.