Phantom study of a fully automatic radioactive seed placement robot for the treatment of skull base tumours.

BACKGROUND: Interstitial brachytherapy is a form of intensive local irradiation that facilitates the effective protection of surrounding structures and the preservation of organ functions, resulting in a favourable therapeutic response. As surgical robots can perform needle placement with a high level of accuracy, our team developed a fully automatic radioactive seed placement robot, and this study aimed to evaluate the accuracy and feasibility of fully automatic radioactive seed placement for the treatment of tumours in the skull base. METHODS: A fully automatic radioactive seed placement robot was established, and 4 phantoms of skull base tumours were built for experimental validation. All the phantoms were subjected to computed tomography (CT) scans. Then, the CT data were imported into the Remebot software to design the preoperative seed placement plan. After the phantoms were fixed in place, navigation registration of the Remebot was carried out, and the automatic seed placement device was controlled to complete the needle insertion and particle placement operations. After all of the seeds were implanted in the 4 phantoms, postoperative image scanning was performed, and the results were verified via image fusion. RESULTS: A total of 120 seeds were implanted in 4 phantoms. The average error of seed placement was (2.51 ± 1.44) mm. CONCLUSION: This study presents an innovative, fully automated radioactive particle implantation system utilizing the Remebot device, which can successfully complete automated localization, needle insertion, and radioactive particle implantation procedures for skull base tumours. The phantom experiments showed the robotic system to be reliable, stable, efficient and safe. However, further research on the needle-soft tissue interaction and deformation mechanism of needle puncture is still needed.

A new multimodal, image-guided, robot-assisted, interstitial brachytherapy for the treatment of head and neck tumors-A preliminary study.

BACKGROUND: Interstitial brachytherapy (BT) is becoming an accepted treatment option for head and neck cancer patients for whom surgery poses high risks. Multimodal, image-guided, robotic surgery has the potential to allow precise seed implantation into tumors. Our aim was to introduce a new multimodal, image-guided surgical robot during the performance of interstitial BT for the treatment of tumors in the head and neck regions. METHODS: Clinical data for three patients were analyzed, retrospectively; patients had received 125 I seed implantations from July 2019 to October 2019. Multimodal, image-guided, robotic surgery was performed in all patients. Postoperative computed tomography data were imported to software to evaluate the accuracy of the seed position and the operation times. RESULTS: The mean placement error of the 125 I seed was 1.9 ± 0.74 mm. The mean operation time is 47 minutes. CONCLUSION: The experimental results showed that the Remebot has promise for use during BT for the head and neck.

Application of Raman Spectroscopy in the Diagnosis of Oral Cancer / 中国医学科学院学报

Oral cancer is a common and deadly malignancy.While multidisciplinary treatment(mainly surgery)has been applied in the treatment of cancer treatment,early diagnosis and complete removal of the primary lesion are essential for a better prognosis.Raman spectroscopy is an optical technique that detects inelastic scattered light generated by the interaction of light and matter.It can detect the vibrational spectra of biochemical and biomolecular structures and tissue conformations,and can provide the "molecular fingerprint" for cells,tissues,and biological fluids.With the development of related technologies and optical instruments,Raman spectroscopy has been widely applied in medical fields.This article reviews the research advances and application of Raman spectroscopy in the diagnosis of oral cancer.

Separation, Identification and Inhibitory Effect on HepG2 Cells of Flavonoids from Humulus Scandens / 中国药师

Objective:To extract, separate and identify the flavonoids in Humulus Scandens and detect their cytotoxic effect on cells HepG2. Methods: After Humulus scandens bing was extracted by alcohol, luteolin-7-O-β-D-glucoside ( LGL) and cosmoiin ( AGL) were obtained by using column chromatography and identified by spectral analysis. The inhibitory effects of LGL and AGL on HepG2 cells were detected by a typan blue dye method. Results:The main flavonoids in Humulus Scandens were LGL and AGL. When the concentration of LGL and AGL was increased from 6. 25 μmol·L-1 to 100. 0 μmol·L-1 , the inhibition rate of LGL was increased from 28. 8% to 95. 2% and that of AGL was increased from 3. 6% to 21. 3%. Conclusion: LGL has notable inhibitory effect on HepG2 cells in a dose-dependent manner, while the inhibitory effect of AGL is not obvious.

Separation and identification of flavonoid constituent in Humulus Scandens and their effects on alveolar fluid clearance in mice / 中国药理学通报

Aims To extract,separate and identify the flavonoid constituents in Humulus Scandens and to ex-plore the relationship of monomers and alveolar fluid clearance (AFC)in mice in vivo.Methods Humulus scandens were extracted with alcohol and then isolated by the technology of Column and the structures were i-dentified by spectrometry.In vivo AFC was measured using bovine serum albumin protein assays affected by luteolin-7-O-β-D-glucoside (LGL ) and cosmsiin (AGL).Results The main constituents of flavanones in Humulus scandens were LGL and AGL.Both of them could improve the AFC.Conclusion The AFCs of LGL and AGL,compared to the blank control group, increased which explains the effect of flavonoid constit-uents on removing edema and promoting water absorp-tion.

Application of exogenous creatine phosphate for cardiac valve replacement / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective To evaluate the myocardial protection of exogenous creatine phosphate (CP) for cardiac valve replacement patients with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Methods Forty patients undergoing cardiac valve replacement with CPB were randomly divided into CP group (20 cases) and control group (20 cases). In CP group,CP (10 mmol/L) was added into blood cardioplegia solution, and before aortic unclamping, perfused with warm blood plus CP (10 mmol/L) for 5 minutes. In control group without CP. The effect of myocardial protection of the two methods were evaluated. Results The ratio of myocardial auto-resuscitation was higher in CP group than that in control group [90.0%(18/20) vs. 60.0%(12/20)]( P ＜ 0.05 ). The maximal dose of dopamine was lower in CP group than that in control group [ (4.0 ± 0.9) g/(kg·min) vs. (6.5 ± 1.2) g/ (kg·min)](P＜ 0.05). The levels of serum creatine kinase MB (CK-MB) at 4,10 hours after aortic unclamping were lower in CP group than those in control group[ (32.4 ± 5.2) U/L vs.(43.8 ± 5.8) U/L and (23.7 ± 5.3 ) U/L vs. (33.5 ± 6.0) U/L ] (P ＜ 0.05 ). Conclusion Exogenous CP shows positive myocardial protection in the patients undergoing cardiac valve replacement.