Evaluation of the effect of coenzyme Q10 supplementation along with scaling and root planing (SRP) on periodontal and gingival indices in controlled diabetic patients.

Background: This clinical trial evaluated the effect of coenzyme Q10 supplementation along with scaling and root planing (SRP) on periodontal and gingival indices in controlled diabetic patients. Methods: Forty-two diabetic patients (controlled type), referred to the Department of Periodontics with chronic periodontitis and eligible for the study, were included in the study. Patients suffering from chronic periodontitis with a probing pocket depth of ≥5 mm in different quadrants of the oral cavity with radiographic evidence of bone loss were included in the present randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled clinical trial. The subjects were instructed to take one capsule of coenzyme Q10 or a placebo every day for 30 days following SRP. Clinical parameters, i.e., plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), bleeding on probing (BOP), clinical attachment level (CAL), and probing pocket depth (PPD), were recorded at baseline and four weeks after treatment by two masked and calibrated examiners. The study results were reported as (mean ± standard deviations) and frequencies (percentages). Results: One month after the intervention, PPD, CAL, BOP, and PI indices in the intervention group were significantly lower than those in the control group. One month after the intervention, the GI was similar in both groups. A significant decrease was observed in the GI in both groups after the intervention. Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that Q10 orally with scaling and root planing in patients with controlled diabetes with chronic periodontitis might accelerate the treatment process and significantly reduce the pocket depth.

Evaluation of Infection and Effective Factors in Impacted Mandibular Third Molar Surgeries: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 148 patients. The incidence of infection was recorded one week, two weeks, and one month after surgery. Independent variables included age, gender, the presence of periapical radiolucent lesions measuring ≥3 mm, the caries of the adjacent second molar, education level of the surgeon, difficulty index, suture type, and flap type. The outcome variable was the incidence of infection. Results: Among the study subjects, 37.2% were male and 62.8% were female. The mean age was 25.24 ± 4.31 years at the time of surgery. Although early onset infection occurred in 3.4% of patients, none of them developed a delayed-onset infection during the four weeks after surgery. Pederson difficulty index (OR = 3.81, P=0.03) and the education level of the surgeon (OR = 0.14, P=0.021) were associated with postop infection. Conclusions: Based on the results of the current study, postop infection was rare. Furthermore, both the Pederson difficulty index and the education level of the surgeon could predict the risk of infection after impacted mandibular third molar surgeries.

Comparison of analgesic effects of intravenous and intranasal ketorolac in patients with mandibular fracture-A Randomized Clinical Trial.

BACKGROUND: Similarity of pharmacokinetics of intranasal ketorolac to the intravenous form and other advantages have promoted its application. This study compared the analgesic effects of intravenous and intranasal ketorolac in patients undergoing mandibular fracture surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this clinical trial study, Sixty-four patients with unilateral mandibular fracture were divided randomly into two groups. In group 1, 30 mg of intravenous (IV) ketorolac was injected every 8 hours and in group 2, intranasal (IN) ketorolac spray was used as a 100-µL puff in each nostril (31.5 mg) every 6 hours. After each patient regained consciousness, pain intensity was measured based on visual analogue scale for 48 hours. Finally, the total dose of the opioid analgesic agent (pethidine) and the time for the first request for an analgesic agent were recorded for each patient, and their means were compared in each group with proper statistical tests. RESULTS: Mean pain intensity of patients at baseline was significantly higher than that at other intervals and then, it decreased significantly (P<0.001). Furthermore, 2, 4, 6 and 8 hours after surgery, mean pain intensity in the IN group was significantly lower than that in the IV group (P<0.05). In the IN group, dose of antinociceptive medicine was slightly higher and the time to request it was shorter than the other group, but it was not statistically significant (P >0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Application of intranasal ketorolac spray decreased pain after mandibular fracture surgery, especially at 8-hour interval after surgery, decreasing the need for opioids. Key words:Ketorolac, intranasal, intravenous, mandibular fracture.

Transfection of microRNA-143 mimic could inhibit migration of HN-5 cells through down-regulating of metastatic genes.

Oral squamous cell cancer (OSCC) is one of the causes of death worldwide. The purpose of this project was to define the restoring of microRNA-143 in HN-5 cells and discover molecular apparatuses responsible for the anticancer processes. Firstly, expression levels of miR-143, K-Ras, MMP9 and C-Myc were evaluated in OSCC tissues. Then, microRNA-143 was transfected into HN-5 cells. The cytotoxic effects of microRNA-143 on HN-5 cells were evaluated. To estimate the effects of microRNA-143 on cell migration, wound healing assay was done. The expression levels of microRNA-143, K-Ras, MMP9, C-Myc, ADAMTS and CXCR4 were evaluated via the qRT-PCR method. microRNA-143 mimic inhibited cell migration in HN-5 cell line. microRNA-143 mimic decreased K-Ras, MMP9, C-My, ADAMTS and CXCR4 gene expression. microRNA-143 can inhibit HN-5 cells migration in vitro by down-regulating the expression of invasion-linked genes. Hence, microRNA-143 can be a new diagnostic biomarker and new therapeutic target for OSCC.

Evaluation of adjunctive effect of low-level laser Therapy on pain, swelling and trismus after surgical removal of impacted lower third molar: A double blind randomized clinical trial.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Wisdom teeth remains impacted in the jaw due to several reasons and surgery of impacted wisdom teeth is one of the most common surgeries in dental clinics. Pain, swelling and trismus are the common complications after this surgery which affect quality of life. In articles, various methods are introduced to control immediate inflammatory-response associated with third-molar surgery. The aim of this study is to evaluate the adjunctive effect of low-level laser Therapy on pain, swelling and trismus after surgical removal of impacted lower third molar. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This double-blind randomized controlled trial (RCT) was conducted on two groups of 24 patients (age range of 18-35) that had referred to surgical ward of Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences for surgery of their mandibular third molar(2015-16). All the subjects were systemically healthy and had at least one impacted mandibular third molar. After surgery, in experimental group, the laser was applied intraorally (inside the tooth socket) and extraorally (at the insertion point of the masseter muscle) immediately after surgery in contact with the target area for 25 seconds each. The laser energy was 2.5 J per area with an energy density of 5 J/ cm2 at the surface of the probe (spot size= 0.5 cm2). In the other group, as the control group, it was pretended to radiate. Trismus, pain, and swelling were evaluated on the first and seventh days after surgery. The obtained data were evaluated using SPSS 16 software and independent samples T-test. FINDINGS: In the group where LLLT had been used, P> 0.05 was calculated for pain, swelling, and trismus on days 1 and 7 after surgery that was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Under limitations of this study, using low-power laser with mentioned parameters, clinically reduces pain, swelling and trismus after surgical removal of impacted mandibular wisdom, but not statistically significant.

Frequency and pattern of idiopathic osteosclerosis and condensing osteitis lesions in panoramic radiography of Iranian patients.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to investigate of radiographic pattern and relative frequency of idiopathic osteosclerosis (IO) and condensing osteitis (CO) in panoramic radiographs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Totally 411 panoramic radiographies were randomly selected from patients referred to Radiology Department of Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. Descriptive characteristics of radiopacities, including shape, border, localization, and dental relationship, were recorded. The Chi-squared test was used. RESULTS: IO was detected in 31 (7.5%) patients and 22 (68.8%) lesions had exact border while their shape was mostly irregular. About 17 (53.1%) lesions were apical, and 13 (40.6%) lesions had no relation to the teeth. The most involved teeth were the second premolar (28.1%) and first molar (25%). Moreover, CO was detected in 32 (7.8%) patients. 17 (53.1%) lesions had an ill-defined border, and their shape was mostly irregular (65.6%) with ill-defined border. Around 18 (56.3%) lesions were apical, and 11 (34.4) lesions were apical and interradicular. The most involved teeth were the second premolar (59.4%) and the first molar (21.9%). CONCLUSION: The results demonstrated that relative frequency of IO in the selected population was 7.5% and for CO, it was 7.8%.

Garlic ((Allium sativum)) Fresh Juice Induces Apoptosis in Human Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: The Involvement of Caspase-3, Bax and Bcl-2.

Background and aims. There is no report on the apoptotic impact of Allium sativum L.(Garlic) on the oral squamous cell carcinoma (KB); hence, this study was designed to survey the apoptotic effects of garlic fresh juice (GFJ) on the KB cells. Materials and methods. MTTassay (MicrocultureTetrazolium Assay) was carried out to evaluate the cytotoxicity of GFJ on KB cells. Furthermore, TUNEL(Terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling)and DNA fragmentation tests were performed to determine if GFJ is able to induce apoptosis in KB cells. Also a standard kit was used to assess caspase-3 activity in KB cells. Also western blotting was employed to evaluate the effect of GFJ on Bax:Bcl-2 ratio. Results. Significant cytotoxic effects were observed for the minimum used concentration (1µg/mL) as calculated to be 77.97±2.3% for 24 h and 818±3.1% for 36h of incubation (P < 0.001). Furthermore, TUNEL and DNA fragmentation tests corroborated the apoptosis inducing activity of GFJ. Consistently, after treating KB cells with GFJ(1µg/mL), caspase-3 activity and Bax:Bcl-2 ratio were raised by 7.3±0.6 and (P <0.001) folds, respectively. Conclusion. The results of this study advanced that GFJ induces apoptosis in the KB cells through increasing caspase-3 activity and Bax:Bcl2 ratio which could be attributed to its organo-sulfurcomponents.

Effect of Casein Phosphopeptide-amorphous Calcium Phosphate Treatment on Microtensile Bond Strength to Carious Affected Dentin Using Two Adhesive Strategies.

Background and aims. The aim was to evaluate the effect of casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) on microtensile bond strength (µTBS) to carious affected dentin (CAD) using etch-and-rinse and self-etch adhesive systems. Materials and methods. The occlusal surface of 32 human molars with moderate occlusal caries was removed. Infected dentin was removed until reaching CAD and the teeth were randomly divided into two groups based on the Single Bond (SB) and Clearfil SE Bond (CSE) adhesive systems. Before composite resin bonding, each group was subdivided into three subgroups of ND, CAD and CPP-ACP-treated CAD (CAD-CPP) based on the dentin substrate. After dissecting samples to l-mm-thick cross-sections (each subgroup: n = 13), µTBS was measured at a strain rate of 0.5 mm/min. Data was analyzed using two-way ANOVA, independent samples t-test and post-hoc Tukey tests (α=0.05). Results. Bond strength of both adhesive systems to ND was significantly higher than that to CAD (P <0.001) and CAD/CPP (P < 0.001). There were no significant differences between the µTBS of SB to CAD and CAD-CPP (P > 0.05).µTBS of CSE to CAD-CPP was higher than that to CAD; however, the difference was not significant (P > 0.05). Significant differences were found between SB and CSE systems only with CAD substrate (P < 0.001). Conclusion. Regardless of the adhesive system used, surface treatment of CAD with CPP-ACP did not have a significant effect on bond strength. However, bond strength to CAD was higher with SB rather than with CSE.

Clinical and Microbiological Effects of Photodynamic Therapy Associated with Non-surgical Treatment in Aggressive Periodontitis.

Background and aims. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of adjunctive photodynamic therapy (PDT) in the treatment of aggressive periodontitis. Materials and methods. A total of 24 patients with clinical diagnosis of aggressive periodontitis received scaling and root planing (SRP) for periodontal treatment. In a split-mouth design study, the teeth of one quadrant of each arch with ≥4 mm of probing depth were selected randomly for additional treatment with PDT (test group). PDT was performed with a diode laser beam with a wavelength of 670-690 nm and a power of 75 Mw. The control group consisted of selected teeth of the contralateral quadrant (SRP only). Before any treatment, subgingival plaque samples were collected by an endodontic paper cone for microbiological analysis by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for detection of Aggregatibacter actinomycetecommitans. Clinical parameters including clinical attachment loss (CAL) as primary outcome, plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD) and gingival recession (REC) were measured at baseline and after 90 days. Inter-group and intra-group statistical analyses were performed. Results. Treatment groups showed an improvement in all the clinical parameters and a significant reduction in the counts of A. actinomycetecommitans at 90 days compared to baseline (P < 0.05). None of the periodontal parameters exhibited significant differences between the two groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion. Within the limitations of this study, the results did not show additional benefits from PDT as an adjunctive treatment for patients with aggressive periodontitis.

Sealing Efficacy of Single-cone Obturation Technique with MTA and CEM Cement: An in Vitro Bacterial Leakage Study.

Background and aims. Various materials and methods have been introduced for obturating cleaned and shaped root canal systems. This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the sealing ability of single-cone obturation technique with mineral trioxide aggregate and calcium-enriched mixture based on bacterial leakage approach. Materials and methods. Sixty-four single-canal teeth were prepared and randomly divided into 5 groups, consisting of three experimental groups (n = 16) and two control groups (n = 8).In group 1, root canal obturation was performed using gutta-percha with 0.02 taper and AH26 sealer by lateral compaction technique. In groups 2 and 3, single Protaper gutta-percha cone was used for obturation with MTA and CEM cement, respectively. A bacterial leakage apparatus was utilized for leakage assessment for 60 days. Leakage comparison between the experimental groups was performed by one-way ANOVA using SPSS 16 statistical software. Results. The mean bacterial leakage intervals in groups 1, 2 and 3 were 33.68 ± 9.39, 40.68 ± 11.03 and 39.56 ± 9.03 days, respectively. One-way ANOVA indicated no significant differences in bacterial leakage between the three experimen-tal groups (P = 0.109). Conclusion. Single-cone obturation with well-fitted gutta-percha and MTA and CEM cement is an appropriate alternative for traditional lateral compaction technique.

The effect of interleukin 36 gene therapy in the regression of tumor.

BACKGROUND: Cancer immunotherapy attempts to stimulate the immune system to reject and destroy tumors and is one of the cancer treatment strategies. Recently, interluekin36 (IL36) has been used as immunotherapeutic agents in cancer gene therapy. Present study investigated that the IL36 gene therapy effects on the regression of tumor masses in mouse model. Aim of this study is determination of the gene therapy effects by IL36 in the regression of tumor masses in mouse model. METHODS: To study the therapeutic efficacy of this cytokine, WEHI-164 tumor cells were transected with mIL36 plasmids. ELISA test was used to check cytokine production by transected cells. To establish fibro sarcoma mouse model, Tumoral transfected cells were injected subcutaneously to inoculate tumor in BALB/C mice. Tumor volumes were measured by caliper. Mice were sacrificed and tumors were extracted. The expression of IL36 and IFN-γ was studied with Real-time PCR and immunoblotting. The expression of Ki-67 (a tumor proliferation marker) in tumor masses was studied by immunohistochemistry staining. In this study we had 2 groups which are treated with IL-36 and Untreated with IL-36 as a blank. RESULTS: The group treated with IL36 indicated decrease of tumor mass volume (p<0.001). The results of western blotting and real-time PCR showed the IL36 expression increased in the group treated with IL36 (with relative expression of 1.9). CONCLUSION: Immunohistochemistry staining indicated that the Ki-67expression has been reduced in the group interfered with IL36. IL36 gene therapy has therapeutic effects on the regression of tumor masses in fibro sarcoma mouse model.