RESUMEN
Quantum entanglement is crucial for quantum information processing, prominently used in quantum communication, computation, and metrology. Recent studies have shifted toward high-dimensional entangled states, offering greater information capacity and enabling more complex applications. Here, we experimentally prepared a three-photon asymmetric maximally entangled state, comprising two two-dimensional photons and one four-dimensional photon. Using this state, we conducted a proof-of-principle experiment, successfully transferring a four-dimensional quantum state from two photons to another photon with fidelities ranging from 0.78 to 0.86. These results exceed theoretical limits, demonstrating genuine four-dimensional quantum state transfer. The asymmetric entangled state demonstrated here holds promise for future quantum networks as a quantum interface facilitating information transfer across quantum systems with different dimensions.
RESUMEN
PURPOSE: To assess the predictive accuracy of new-generation online intraocular lens (IOL) power formulas in eyes with previous myopic laser refractive surgery (LRS) and to evaluate the influence of corneal asphericity on the predictive accuracy. METHODS: The authors retrospectively evaluated 52 patients (78 eyes) with a history of laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) or photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) who subsequently underwent cataract surgery. Refractive prediction errors were calculated for 12 no-history new online formulas: 8 formulas with post-LRS versions (Barrett True-K, EVO 2.0, Hoffer QST, and Pearl DGS) using keratometry and posterior/total keratometry measured by IOLMaster 700 and 4 formulas without post-LRS versions (Cooke K6 and Kane) using keratometry and total keratometry. The refractive prediction error, mean absolute error (MAE), and percentages of eyes with prediction errors of ±0.25, ±0.50, ±0.75, ±1.00, and ±1.50 diopters (D) were compared. RESULTS: The MAEs of the 12 formulas were significantly different (F = 83.66, P < .001). The MAEs ranged from 0.62 to 0.94 D and from 1.07 to 1.84 D in the formulas with and without post-LRS versions, respectively. The EVO formula produced the lowest MAE (0.60) and MedAE (0.47), followed by the Barrett True-K (0.69 and 0.50, respectively). Each percentage of eyes with refractive prediction error was also significantly different among the 12 formulas (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: The EVO and Barrett True-K formulas demonstrate comparable performance to the other existing formulas in eyes with a history of myopic LASIK/PRK. Surgeons should use these formulas with post-LRS versions and input keratometric values whenever possible. [J Refract Surg. 2024;40(6):e354-e361.].
Asunto(s)
Queratomileusis por Láser In Situ , Implantación de Lentes Intraoculares , Lentes Intraoculares , Miopía , Óptica y Fotónica , Queratectomía Fotorrefractiva , Refracción Ocular , Agudeza Visual , Humanos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Miopía/cirugía , Miopía/fisiopatología , Femenino , Masculino , Refracción Ocular/fisiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Queratectomía Fotorrefractiva/métodos , Queratomileusis por Láser In Situ/métodos , Adulto , Agudeza Visual/fisiología , Láseres de Excímeros/uso terapéutico , Córnea/cirugía , Córnea/fisiopatología , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Biometría/métodos , Facoemulsificación , AncianoRESUMEN
We aimed to explore the effect of dibazol on the ophthalmic artery (OA) and ophthalmic artery smooth muscle cells (OASMCs) of C57BL/6J mice as well as the underlying mechanisms. The OA of C57BL/6J mice was isolated under a dissecting microscope for primary OASMCs culture and myogenic tests. OASMCs were identified through morphological and immunofluorescence analyses. Morphology changes in the OASMCs were examined by staining using rhodamine-phalloidin. We performed a collagen gel contraction assay to measure the contractile and relaxant activities of the OASMCs. The molecular probe Fluo-4 AM was used to examine intracellular free Ca2+ levels ([Ca2+]in). The myogenic effects of OA were examined using wire myography. Additionally, the whole-cell patch-clamp technique was used to investigate the mechanisms underlying the relaxant effect of dibazol on L-type voltage-gated Ca2+ channels (LVGC) in isolated cells. 10-5 M dibazol significantly inhibited the contraction of OASMCs and increased the [Ca2+]in response to 30 mM KCl in a concentration-dependent manner. Dizabol had a more significant relaxant effect than 10-5 M isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN). Similarly, dibazol showed a significant dose-dependent relaxant effect on OA contraction induced by 60 mM KCl or 0.3 µM 9,11-Dideoxy-9α,11α-methanoepoxy prostaglandin F2α (U46619). The current-voltage (I-V) curve revealed that dibazol decreased Ca2+ currents in a concentration-dependent manner. In conclusion, dibazol exerted relaxant effects on the OA and OASMCs, which may involve the inhibition of the Ca2+ influx through LVGC in the cells.