RESUMEN
Introdução:O período pandêmico trouxe inúmeros desafios à saúde da população, entre eles, a manutenção da saúde alimentar, ameaçada pela disseminação de notícias falsas e o desconhecimento da população acerca de sua importância. Nesse contexto, o uso das mídias sociais torna-se um trajeto de aproximação entre educação e saúde.Objetivo:Relatar a experiência obtida através da execução de um projeto de extensão universitáriarelacionado a promoçãoda saúde nutricional via mídias sociais no contexto pandêmico.Metodologia:Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, do tipo relato de experiência, no qual descreve-se a execução do Projeto de extensão universitária: "Descomplicando a nutrição e segurança dos alimentos no contexto da pandemia por SARS-CoV-2".Oprojeto foi desenvolvido através do compartilhamento de publicações e serviços on-lineacerca da segurança de alimentose nutriçãono contexto da pandemia.Utilizou-seuma conta publica no Instagram®e uma comunidade virtual do Whatsapp®como veículos de informação e promoção de saúdepara população. Resultados:Entre o período de junho a dezembro de 2021, a conta do Instagram®atingiu um total de 359 seguidores,e realizou centenas de postagens, dentre posts, vídeose stories,alcançando mais de mil contas. Além das publicações, foi oferecido suporte direto, via WhatsApp®,paramanipuladores de alimentos formais e informais acompanhados pelo grupo de extensão.Conclusões:Os conteúdos trabalhadosnas redes sociais tiveram bom alcance,contribuindopara a promoção de saúde e o combate defalsas informaçõesnas redes sociais. Ao passo que, aodesenvolver as atividades, os participantes do projeto socializaramsaberese desenvolveram competências como: tomada de decisões, protagonismo, reflexão, comprometimento, trabalho em equipe e criatividade (AU).
Introduction:The pandemic period has brought numerous challenges to the health of the population, among them, the maintenance of food health, threatened by the spread of false news and the population's lack of knowledge about its importance. In this context, the use ofsocial media becomes a path of approximation between education and health. Objective:To report the experience obtained through the execution of a university extension project related to the promotion of nutritional health via social media in the pandemiccontext.Methodology: This is a descriptive study, of the experience report type, in which the execution of the University Extension Project is described: "Uncomplicating nutrition and food safety in the context of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic". The project was developed through the sharing of publications and online services about food safety and nutrition in the context of the pandemic. For that, a public Instagram® account and a Whatsapp® virtual community were used as vehicles for information and health promotion for the population. Results:From June to December 2021, the Instagram® account reached a total of 359 followers, and made hundreds of posts, including posts, videos and stories, reaching more than a thousand accounts. In addition to the publications, direct support was offered via WhatsApp® to formal and informal food handlers registered and monitored by the extension group. Conclusions:The content worked on social networks had a good reach, contributing to health promotion and the fight against false information on social networks. While, when developing the activities, the students and the project coordinator shared knowledge and developed skills such as: decision-making, protagonism, reflection, commitment, teamwork and creativity (AU).
Introducción:El período de pandemia ha traído numerosos desafíos para la salud de la población, entre ellos el mantenimiento de una alimentación saludable, amenazada por la difusión de noticias falsas y el desconocimiento de la población sobre su importancia. En este contexto, el uso de las redes sociales se convierte en un camino de aproximación entre la educación y la salud. Objetivo:relatar la experiencia obtenida a través de la ejecución de un proyecto de extensión universitaria relacionado con la promoción de la salud nutricional a través de las redes sociales en el contexto de la pandemia. Metodología: Se trata de un estudio descriptivo, del tipo informede experiencia, en el que se describe la ejecución del Proyecto de Extensión Universitaria: "Descomplicando la nutrición y la seguridad alimentaria en el contexto de la pandemia por SARS-CoV-2". El proyecto se desarrolló a través del intercambio de publicaciones y servicios en línea sobre seguridad alimentaria y nutrición en el contexto de la pandemia. Se utilizó una cuenta pública de Instagram® y una comunidad virtual de Whatsapp® como vehículos de información y promoción de la salud de la población. Resultados:de junio a diciembre de 2021, la cuenta de Instagram® alcanzó un total de 359 seguidores y realizó cientos de publicaciones, entre publicaciones, videos e historias, llegando a más de mil cuentas. Además de publicaciones, se ofreció apoyo directo vía WhatsApp® a manipuladores de alimentos formales e informales monitoreados por el grupo de extensión. Conclusiones:El contenido trabajado en las redes sociales tuvo un buen alcance, contribuyendo a la promoción de la salud y la lucha contra la información falsa en las redes sociales. Mientras que, mediante el desarrollo de las actividades, los participantes del proyecto compartieron conocimientos y desarrollaron habilidades como: toma de decisiones, protagonismo, reflexión, compromiso, trabajo en equipo y creatividad (AU).
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Educación Alimentaria y Nutricional , Red Social , COVID-19/transmisión , Desinformación , Promoción de la Salud , Epidemiología DescriptivaRESUMEN
ABSTRACT: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of commercial sweeteners on root dentin demineralization using a microcosm biofilm model. Bovine dentin specimens with pre-determined surface hardness were randomized into six groups according to the studied sweeteners: sucralose, stevia, saccharin, aspartame. Sucrose was used as a positive control and an untreated group as a negative control. The specimens were submitted to biofilm development from one saliva donor and the cariogenic challenge occurred on subsequent five days, twice a day. At the end, the percentage of surface hardness loss (%SHL) and biomass was determined and submitted to ANOVA followed by Tukey's test. Sucrose presented the highest rate of demineralization, however, all sweeteners tested lead to a statistically higher root demineralization compared to the negative control (p <0.05). Sucrose caused greater demineralization in root dentin, however, the sweeteners were also able to induce it under this biofilm model.
RESUMEN: El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar el efecto de los edulcorantes comerciales en la desmineralización de la dentina radicular utilizando un modelo de biofilm microcosmo. Se asignaron al azar muestras de dentina bovina con una dureza de la superficie predeterminada de acuerdo con los edulcorantes estudiados: sucralosa, estevia, sacarina, aspartame. La sacarosa se utilizó como control positivo y un grupo no tratado como control negativo. Las muestras se enviaron al desarrollo de biopelículas de un donante de saliva y el desafío cariogénico se produjo en los siguientes cinco días, dos veces al día. Al final, se determinó el porcentaje de pérdida de dureza de la superficie (% PDS) y biomasa y se aplicó un estudio estadístico de ANOVA seguido de la prueba de Tukey. La sacarosa presentó la mayor tasa de desmineralización; sin embargo, todos los endulzantes probados condujeron a una desmineralización de la raíz estadísticamente mayor en comparación con el control negativo (p<0,05). La sacarosa causó una mayor desmineralización en la dentina de raíz, sin embargo, los edulcorantes también fueron capaces de inducirla bajo este modelo de biofilm.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Bovinos , Edulcorantes/farmacología , Raíz del Diente/efectos de los fármacos , Cariogénicos/farmacología , Desmineralización Dental/inducido químicamente , Dentina/efectos de los fármacos , Raíz del Diente/microbiología , Análisis de Varianza , Desmineralización Dental/microbiología , Biopelículas/crecimiento & desarrollo , Sacarosa en la Dieta/farmacología , Dentina/microbiologíaRESUMEN
The aim of this study was to investigate intrinsic antimicrobial activity of three monoterpenes nerol, dimethyl octanol and estragole, against bacteria and yeast strains, as well as, investigate if these compounds are able to inhibit the NorA efflux pump related to fluoroquinolone resistance in Staphylococcus aureus. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the monoterpenes against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans strains were determined by micro-dilution assay. MICs of the norfloxacin against a S. aureus strain overexpressing the NorA protein were determined in the absence or in the presence of the monoterpenes at subinhibitory concentrations, aiming to verify the ability of this compounds act as efflux pump inhibitors. The monoterpenes were inactive against S. aureus however the nerol was active against E. coli and C. albicans. The addition of the compounds to growth media at sub-inhibitory concentrations enhanced the activity of norfloxacin against S. aureus SA1199-B. This result shows that bioactives tested, especially the nerol, are able to inhibit NorA efflux pump indicating a potential use as adjuvants of norfloxacin for therapy of infections caused by multi-drug resistant S. aureus strains.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/farmacología , Proteínas Bacterianas/antagonistas & inhibidores , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/metabolismo , Monoterpenos/metabolismo , Proteínas Asociadas a Resistencia a Múltiples Medicamentos/antagonistas & inhibidores , Norfloxacino/farmacología , Staphylococcus aureus/efectos de los fármacos , Staphylococcus aureus/enzimología , Candida albicans/efectos de los fármacos , Interacciones Farmacológicas , Escherichia coli/efectos de los fármacos , Pruebas de Sensibilidad MicrobianaRESUMEN
The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of Candida spp. in complete dentures of institucionalized elderly, aged 60 or more, in a city of northeast of Brazil. A survey was conducted of the health profile and quantification of Candida spp. from isolation in Sabouraud agar. Our results showed that from 181 institutionalized elderlies, only 17 (66-84 years) met the inclusion criteria. 47.1 % were totally dependent, and 58.8 % needed help with hygiene. The most commonly used drugs were antihypertensive. The results showed a high prevalence of Candida spp. (64.5 %) in the dentures of institutionalized elderly and this may be a reflection of poor oral hygiene.
El objetivo fue asociar el uso de prótesis dentales totales y la prevalencia de Candida spp. en ancianos institucionalizados con 60 o más años de edad, en una ciudad del Nordeste de Brasil. Se llevó a cabo un estudio del perfil de salud y cuantificación de Candida spp. por aislamiento con agar Sabouraud. A partir de 181 ancianos institucionalizados, sólo 17 (6684 años) cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. 47,1 % eran totalmente dependientes y 58,8 % necesitó ayuda con la higiene. Los fármacos más utilizados fueron antihipertensivos. Los resultados mostraron una alta prevalencia de Candida spp. (64,5 %) en las prótesis dentales totales de los ancianos institucionalizados y esto tal vez sea un reflejo de la deficiente higiene oral.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Candida/aislamiento & purificación , Candidiasis/epidemiología , Dentadura Completa Superior/microbiología , Hogares para Ancianos , Higiene Bucal , Staphylococcus aureus/aislamiento & purificación , Brasil , Recuento de Colonia Microbiana , Prevalencia , Estudios Transversales , AgarRESUMEN
Objective: this in vitro study investigated the effect of high-fluoride dentifrice, Chlorhexidine (CHX), and their association on the viability of Streptococcus mutans using a biofilm model. Material and Method: biofilms were anaerobically grown on glass slides that were vertically suspended in 24-well plates for 5 days. After 48 h of initial growth, biofilms were treated for the next 72 h, 2x/day with 0.12% CHX and 2%, F as 0.08% and 0.4% NaF and their association. Results: CHX treatment decreased the bacteria counts either alone or in association with both F concentrations, when compared with control group and the F treatments alone (p < 0.05). Conclusion: no additional effect was observed when CHX and F were used in combination, when compared with CHX used alone.
Objetivo: este estudo avaliou, o efeito do dentifrício com alta concentração de fluor (F), da clorexidina (CHX) e da associação destes na viabilidade de Streptococcus Mutans (SM) utilizando um modelo de biofilme in vitro. Materiais e Métodos: biofilme cresceram anaerobicamente em lamínulas de vidro suspensas, verticalmente, em placas de 24 poços por 5 dias. Após 48h do crescimento inicial, o biofilme formado foi submetido a um tratamento por 72h, 2x/ dia com CHX 0.12%, F na forma de NaF a 0.08% e 0.4%, suas associações, CHX 2% (controle positivo) e solução salina (controle negativo). Os dados obtidos foram transformados e submetidos ao ANOVA e teste de Tukey e em seguida analisados por meio do SAS, com significância fixada em 5%. Resultados: isolada ou em associação com as diferentes concentrações de F, a CHX demonstrou maior potencial em reduzir os níveis de SM quando comparada ao uso isolado de F em ambas concentrações ou com o controle negativo (p < 0,05). Conclusão: o uso da combinação de F e CHX não apresentou efeito adicional na redução dos níveis de SM quando comparado ao uso isolado de CHX.
Asunto(s)
Clorhexidina , Fluoruros , Streptococcus mutansRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: A recombinant cysteine proteinase from Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum chagasi (rLdccys1) was previously shown to induce protective immune responses against murine and canine visceral leishmaniasis. These findings encouraged us to use rLdccys1 in the immunotherapy of naturally infected dogs from Teresina, Piauí, a region of high incidence of visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Thirty naturally infected mongrel dogs displaying clinical signs of visceral leishmaniasis were randomly divided in three groups: one group received three doses of rLdccys1 in combination with the adjuvant Propionibacterium acnes at one month interval between each dose; a second group received three doses of P. acnes alone; a third group received saline. The main findings were: 1) dogs that received rLdccys1 with P. acnes did not display increase of the following clinical signs: weight loss, alopecia, onychogryphosis, cachexia, anorexia, apathy, skin lesions, hyperkeratosis, ocular secretion, and enlarged lymph nodes; they also exhibited a significant reduction in the spleen parasite load in comparison to the control dogs; 2) rLdccys1-treated dogs exhibited a significant delayed type cutaneous hypersensitivity elicited by the recombinant antigen, as well as high IgG2 serum titers and low IgG1 serum titers; sera from rLdccys1-treated dogs also contained high IFN-γ and low IL-10 concentrations; 3) control dogs exhibited all of the clinical signs of visceral leishmaniasis and had low serum IgG2 and IFN-γ levels and high concentrations of IgG1 and IL-10; 4) all of the dogs treated with rLdccys1 were alive 12 months after treatment, whereas dogs which received either saline or P. acnes alone died within 3 to 7 months. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: These findings illustrate the potential use of rLdccys1 as an additional tool for the immunotherapy of canine visceral leishmaniasis and support further studies designed to improve the efficacy of this recombinant antigen for the treatment of this neglected disease.
Asunto(s)
Proteasas de Cisteína/uso terapéutico , Enfermedades de los Perros/terapia , Inmunoterapia/métodos , Leishmania infantum/enzimología , Leishmaniasis Visceral/veterinaria , Proteínas Protozoarias/uso terapéutico , Animales , Anticuerpos Antiprotozoarios/sangre , Brasil , Proteasas de Cisteína/genética , Citocinas/sangre , Enfermedades de los Perros/patología , Perros , Leishmaniasis Visceral/patología , Leishmaniasis Visceral/terapia , Masculino , Ratones , Proteínas Protozoarias/genética , Proteínas Recombinantes/genética , Proteínas Recombinantes/uso terapéutico , Análisis de Supervivencia , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
A contaminação das águas naturais representa um dos principais riscos à saúde pública. Este estudo objetivou verificar a qualidade da água consumida direta e indiretamente nas escolas estaduais do município de Picos PI, tomando como base os padrões de potabilidade estabelecidos na Portaria n. 518/2004, do Ministério da Saúde. Os achados demonstram a necessidade de que medidas sejam tomadas a fim de controlar ou eliminar os fatores de riscos ambientais, que podem estar contribuindo para a diminuição da qualidade da água utilizada para consumo humano nas escolas estaduais do município de Picos-PI, bem como a realização de um programa intensivo de monitoramento constante de água dos bebedouros e cantinas, a fim de que esta deixe de ser um potencial transmissor de doenças.
Asunto(s)
Agua Potable/análisis , Técnicas Microbiológicas , Contaminación del Agua , Brasil , Coliformes , Instituciones AcadémicasRESUMEN
A 500 bp fragment encoding an isoform of cysteine proteinase from Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis was subcloned and expressed in the pHis vector, resulting in a recombinant protein of 24 kDa, rLacys24. In Western blots of L. (L.) amazonensis extracts, antibodies directed to rLacys24 recognized a cysteine proteinase isoform of 30 kDa. Analysis by fluorescence-activated cell sorter showed a significantly higher expression of CD8(+) lymphocytes in animals immunized with rLacys24 plus CFA, whereas a low expression of CD4(+) lymphocytes was observed in these animals. The cytotoxicity of lymphocytes isolated from mice immunized with rLacys24 plus CFA on L. (L.) amazonensis-infected macrophages was significantly higher than that observed in the presence of lymphocytes from control animals. Immunization of BALB/c mice with rLacys24 plus CFA resulted in a low but significant decrease of foot lesions after challenge with L. (L.) amazonensis compared to those exhibited by control mice.
Asunto(s)
Proteasas de Cisteína/inmunología , Leishmania mexicana/enzimología , Leishmania mexicana/inmunología , Leishmaniasis Cutánea/inmunología , Leishmaniasis Cutánea/prevención & control , Animales , Western Blotting , Cricetinae , Proteasas de Cisteína/genética , Proteasas de Cisteína/aislamiento & purificación , ADN Protozoario/química , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Electroforesis en Gel de Poliacrilamida , Femenino , Regulación Enzimológica de la Expresión Génica , Leishmania mexicana/genética , Ganglios Linfáticos/citología , Ganglios Linfáticos/inmunología , Mesocricetus , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Proteínas Recombinantes/genética , Proteínas Recombinantes/inmunología , Proteínas Recombinantes/aislamiento & purificación , Linfocitos T/inmunologíaRESUMEN
A recombinant protein, rLdccys1, produced by expression of the gene encoding a 30kDa cysteine proteinase from Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi, was used to detect specific antibodies in serum by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and to test for reactivity in delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses of dogs from an endemic region of visceral leishmaniasis (VL), Teresina, Piauí State, Brazil. Amastigote or promastigote extracts were also assayed for comparison. The sensitivity for detection of specific antibodies to L. (L.) chagasi using rLdccys1, lysates from L. (L.) chagasi promastigotes and amastigotes was 96%, 68%, and 69%, respectively. No cross-reactivity between rLdccys1 and Chagas disease was observed, and little reactivity was found with sera from dogs with babesiosis and ehrlichiosis. Among 106 sera from symptomatic dogs and 22 from non-infected controls, no false negatives and only two false positive sera were found for rLdccys1. In contrast, amastigote lysates yielded 11 false positives and 13 false negatives, whereas the corresponding numbers for promastigote lysates were 17 and 16. DTH responses were determined after intradermal injection of rLdccys1 or amastigote extract and the induration area was measured at 24, 48 and 72h after injection. All asymptomatic dogs showed a positive intradermal response to rLdccys1 (>10mm) which peaked at 48h, whereas no significant reactivity to the recombinant antigen was found in the symptomatic group. Histological analysis of the intradermal induration showed a predominance of necrotic and hemorrhagic areas in sections from asymptomatic dogs injected with L. (L.) chagasi amastigote extract, whereas a typical granulomatous reaction mediated by mononuclear cells was observed in sections from asymptomatic animals injected with rLdccys1. Grouping data from ELISA and DTH assays with rLdccys1 and L. (L.) chagasi amastigote extracts showed that humoral and cellular responses were inversely correlated during the development of canine VL. Overall, these findings indicate that L. (L.) chagasi recombinant cysteine proteinase is potentially useful for diagnosis of canine VL, as well as for the discrimination of clinical and subclinical forms of the disease.
