[Aggregation, deformation and morphology of erythrocytes in patients with ischemic heart disease after injection of ioversol, iodixanol and gadobutrol].

In patients with ischemic heart disease, the administration of contrast agents iodixanol, ioversol and gadobutrol improves (due to the effect of dilution) the aggregation of erythrocytes in vivo, but does not change their deformation ability and the percentage of different morphological forms of erythrocytes (discocytes and ehinocytes) in the blood. The effect of gadobutrol on the aggregation of erythrocytes is characterized by more expressed antiaggregant effect due special molecular properties of this drug.

[Deformation properties of human erythrocytes in the presence of x-ray contrast agents].

It is established that the x-ray contrast agents urografin (76 %), omnipaque-300, optiray-350, ultravist-300, and visipaque-270 produce a dose-dependent decrease in the deformation properties of human erythrocytes in vitro. The degree of manifestation of this negative influence increases with the osmotic activity of agents in the following order: visipaque = ultravist < or = omnipaque < or = optiray < urografin. The effect of these x-ray contrast agents on the deformation of erythrocytes is reversible. Erythrocytes restore their normal deformation properties upon removal of the osmotic pressure induced by the x-ray contrast agents.

[Possible causes of temperature-dependent disorders of regional circulation in cryoglobulinemia].

We studied effects of changed blood theology in cryoglobulinemia on temperature-dependent disorders of peripheral circulation. The rheological status was assessed by aggregation characteristics of blood at temperature 37 degrees C and 4 degrees C at nephelometry of reverse light diffusion. Blood cryoglobulins concentration was determined spectrophotometrically. Turbidimetry estimated the size of cryocomplexes at different temperatures and energetic characteristics of their formation. It was found that blood of healthy donors in cooling does not change its rheological properties significantly. Blood of patients with cryoglobulinemia cooled to 4 degrees accelerated formation of linear erythrocyte aggregates and increased their strength. The results agreed with estimated values of molecular connection energy in cryocomplexes. The greatest difference between the patients' and donors' blood was in strength of the largest aggregates. Sharp strengthening of both large and small aggregates in blood cooling makes vascular red cell desaggregation impossible. This may entail microcirculatory arrest.

Erythrocytes aggregation in healthy donors at native and standard hematocrit: the influence of sex, age, immunoglobulins and fibrinogen concentrations. Standardization of parameters.

Characteristic parameters of erythrocyte aggregation/disaggregation kinetics in blood samples of 200 healthy donors at native and standard hematocrit were studied. Average aggregation parameters for men and women at native hematocrit significantly differed, but these differences disappeared after hematocrit standardization, only maximal amplitude of aggregation (I(0)) at standard hematocrit in women was still less than in men (p<0.001). Though index of strength of largest aggregates (I(a)(2.5)) depended both on sex and age, no significant influence of IgG and IgM concentrations on this parameter was noticed. The obtained results show that suggested method can be used for diagnostics of rheological disorders.

The influence of cryoglobulins on the temperature-dependent erythrocyte aggregation in vitro by backscattering nephelometry.

Nephelometry technique was used to register the alterations of the scattering signal from a whole blood sample due to erythrocyte aggregates in stasis and under controlled shear stress. The measured parameters were: the characteristic times of linear and three-dimensional aggregates formation, and the strength of aggregates of different types. These parameters depend on the sample temperature in the range of 2/50 degrees C. Temporal parameters of the aggregation process strongly increase (by 3 times) at temperature 45 degrees C. For samples of normal blood the aggregates strength parameters do not significantly depend on the sample temperature, whereas for blood samples from patients with cryoglobulinemia high increase of the strength of both three-dimensional and linear aggregates and decrease of time of linear aggregates formation at low temperature of the sample (4 degrees C) was observed. The difference of these parameters of the pathological blood from that of the normal at room temperature was quite opposite. Possible reasons of such behavior of aggregation state of blood and explanation of the observed effects are suggested.

[Hemorheological and clinical efficiency of a new phospholipid hepatoprotective drug Phosphogliv in patients with psoriatic arthritis]. / Gemoreologicheskaia i klinicheskaia éffektivnost' novogo fosfolipidnogo gepatoprotektornogo preparata "Fosfogliv" u bol'nykh psoriaticheskim artritom.

A new phospholipid drug "Posphogliv" showed earlier good results in the treatment of liver discases. The mechanism of its effect consists in non-specific repair of biomembranes. In the present study it was used for the treatment of in patients with psoriatic arthritis, accompanied by severe damages of blood rheology. The group of patients took Phosphogliv 3 months in the dose of 0.6 g per day. Considerable decrease of erythrocytes aggregability was observed after the treatment. There were no changes in total blood viscosity. The clinical state of patients markedly improved after the treatment. Simultaneous decrease of blood C-reactive protein level suggests weakening of inflammation. The mechanism of these effects may involve direct influence of the phospholipid on erythrocyte membranes and/or with indirect influence through the improvement of liver function. The results show that Phosphogliv inclusion into therapy improved the state of patients with psoriatic arthritis. The results of the present study also indicate principal possibility of broadening of clinical use of this drug. Its positive effects are based on membrane reparative properties of polyunsaturated phosphatidylcholine in combination with anti-inflammatory and immunomodulative effects of its second component, glycyrrhizin acid.

[Alterations of rheological properties of blood in systemic sclerodermia]. / Narusheniia reologicheskikh svoistv krovi pri sistemnoi sklerodermii.

AIM: To study hemorheological status in systemic sclerosis (SS) patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Macro- and microrheology of blood were investigated in 70 SS patients. The rate of spontaneous aggregation of red blood cells [T1(s)], durability of the largest units [Ia2.5(%)], general hydrodynamic durability of units [beta(s-1)], limit of fluidity [tau 0 (mPa)], Casson viscosity K (mPa/s) were determined. RESULTS: The total severity of hemorheological disturbances was 1.90 +/- 0.07 with T1 = 4.98 +/- 1.52s, beta = 62.76 +/- 19.32s, Ia 2.5 = -0.78 +/- 12.83%, tau 0 = 7.00 +/- 0.45 mPa. The Casson viscosity did not differ from normal levels. Plasma viscosity was 1.71 +/- 0.18 rel units, viscosity of sera 1.55 +/- 0.14 rel.units. The severity of hemorheological disturbances did not differ in cute and chronic courses but the parameter beta (72.0 +/- 4.5) was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the acute course. The severity of hemorheological disturbances was highest in SS patients with cardiac disease (p < 0.05) and in 10 year SS duration. CONCLUSION: The course of SS is complicated by progressive hyperaggregation syndrome promoting development of visceral pathology. Active correction of hemorheology is pathogenetically validated in SS.

[Hyperaggregation syndrome in patients with osteolytic psoriatic arthritis]. / Giperagregatsionnyi sindrom u bol'nykh s osteoliticheskim variantom psoriaticheskogo artrita.

AIM: To study blood rheology in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PA) having local or advanced osteolysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The trial included 16 patients with significant PA and clinical and x-ray symptoms of joint surface osteolysis. Kinetics of red cell aggregation and disaggregation was studied in specially designed erythroagregometer. RESULTS: The assessment of red cell aggregation indicated the presence of hyperaggregation syndrome in the majority of PA patients with associated osteolysis. CONCLUSION: Hyperaggregation may contribute to bone destruction. Its onset can be reviewed as a risk factor for serious destructive changes in the joints.

Aggregation and disaggregation of erythrocytes in whole blood: study by backscattering technique.

The aggregation phenomenon is of great importance for the evaluation of performance of the microcirculation system because of its influence on the blood viscosity at low shear stresses. Some important features and consequences of this phenomenon in vivo can be predicted in the in vitro experiments using optical methods. These methods are considered to be the most informative and applicable not only for the basic study of the aggregation phenomenon, but also for the diagnosis of a number of diseases and for the monitoring of therapeutic treatment in clinics. Results presented in this paper prove that the backscattering technique allows one to detect different changes of aggregational ability and deformability of erythrocytes and to get reliable and reproducible results distinguishing normal blood and blood with different pathologies. © 1999 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers.

Clinical application of the measurement of spontaneous erythrocyte aggregation and disaggregation. A pilot study.

Aggregation and disaggregation kinetics of erythrocytes in samples of whole blood were studied using a backscattering nephelometry technique. Blood was drawn from normal subjects and from patients suffering from different diseases: chronic glomerulonephritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, hereditary hypercholesterolemia, pulmonary hypertension, intestinal tumors preoperatively (age > 60 years), psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, ischemia and ischemia with diabetes. Blood samples of healthy donors were used as controls. The backscattering signal in the erythroaggregometer was processed according to algorithms yielding quantitative data on the full amplitude of aggregation, characteristic times of spontaneous aggregation, average hydrodynamic strength of all aggregates and, whenever possible, additionally, strength of the largest aggregates. The obtained results confirm that the complexity of erythrocyte aggregation kinetics requires multiparametric description which, when applied to clinical material, enables the differentiation of aggregation characteristics between diseases.

[The effect of x-ray contrast agents on the rheological properties of the blood]. / Vliianie rentgenokontrastnykh sredstv na reologicheskie svoistva krovi.

The effects of X-ray contrast agents on human blood rheology were investigated. The main cause of rheological effects of X-ray contrast media is their action on the structure and function of erythrocytes. There was a relationship between the physicochemical properties and the mechanism of action. The major active factor is the high osmolality of X-ray contrast media solutions. Lipid solubility, specific features of molecular structures and the composition of a dosage form played a definite role.

[The effect of cerebrocrast on erythrocyte function]. / Vliianie tserebrokrasta na funktsional'noe sostoianie éritrotsitov.

The new calcium antagonist cerebrocrast intravenously infused in a dose of 0.4 micrograms.kg-1.min-1 during 15 min prevented erythrocyte deformability disturbances at the end of cerebral ischemia in rats, which was induced by carotid artery occlusion during 30 min. The agents also prevented the deformability 1 hour after the onset of recirculation. Cerebrocrast reduced spontaneous erythrocyte aggregation, the strength of erythrocytic aggregates, and hemoglobin affinity for oxygen. The latter effect was associated with the drug-induced increase in erythrocytic 2,3-diphosphoglycerate levels.

[Microcirculatory disorders in patients with psoriatic arthritis]. / Narusheniia mikrotsirkuliatsii u bol'nykh psoriaticheskim artritom.

As many as 39 patients with psoriatic arthritis were examined for hemorheology. Of these, 20 were examined at a time for the status of the microcirculatory bed in the skin and skeletal muscle by 133Xe clearance from the interstitial depot and by laser-Doppler flowmetry at the areas of the clinically intact skin. In 10 patients, the plasma blood viscosity was measured. All the test subjects manifested the clinical signs of damage to the vessels of the microcirculatory bed, namely capillaritis of the palmar surface of the hands and/or of the plantar surface of the feet, sensitivity to cold, numbness of the finger tips. A detailed analysis of the individual aggregation characteristics allowed two groups of patients to be revealed: with a decrease and enhancement of aggregation at a shift rate of 2.5 s-1. It should be noted that patients with severe hemorheological disorders showed both changes on the part of the microcirculatory bed (clinical and quantitative) and a rise of the blood plasma viscosity and hematocrit fall. The data obtained indicate that the microcirculatory and related rheological disorders may be implicated in the pathogenesis of psoriatic arthritis.

[Ultrasonic placentometry in pregnancy]. / U'ltrazvukovaia platsentometriia vo vremia beremennosti.

The authors developed mathematical formulas for the determination of the size of the placenta during the pregnancy based on the technique of ultrasonic scanning. Healthy pregnant females with 19-40 weeks of gestation underwent ultrasonic placentometry. Reference placental volumes were defined. The authors demonstrated an increment in the placental volume and its growth rate with evolving pregnancy.

[Effect of x-ray contrast agents on the deformation properties of human erythrocytes]. / Vliianie rentgenokontrastnykh sredstv na deformatsionnye svoistva éritrotsitov cheloveka.

Using the ectacytometric method the authors observed that the contrast agents: bilimin, triombrast 76%, iodamide-380, bilignost 20%, bilignost 50%, metrizamide decrease red cell deformability. This effect of the contrast agents depends on their osmolality and chemical structure.

Rheological properties of the blood in psoriasis patients during PUVA-therapy.

Rheological properties of the blood in 50 psoriasis patients were studied during PUVA-therapy. The mean rheological indices in half of the patients were above normal before treatment. During the PUVA-therapy the mean indices in this group of patients were near to normal. Bimodal distributions of the obtained indices were connected neither with each other, nor with the form and severity of the disease. Lack of statistical correlation links between quantitative indices of systems defining an aggregate state of the blood leads one to believe that changes in rheological properties of the blood in psoriasis patients before treatment can be connected with the immune status of the major disease. Further research in this field is needed.