The system of metrological measurements using spectrometers of human radiation (SHR) envisages the development, investigation and attestation of sources of volumetric activity simulating an object of investigation. The authors devised a unified solid-body phantom, representing a set of standard volumetric sources in the form of rectangular modules and a method of their distribution. When assembled, the phantom imitates the human body containing a radionuclide, regularly distributed by the volume. Different variants of the packing of the constituent elements makes in possible to simulate the human body in a wide range of age groups and height and weight correlations. Experimental investigations on the standardization of various types of SHR on the basis of this phantom have shown good convergence of the results of measurements within the limits of 15% error.
Models, Structural , Radioisotopes , Spectrometry, Gamma/instrumentation , Calibration , Humans
Metrological service in the USSR was the first of its kind in the world. The Central Research Roentgenoradiology Institute is a base of the USSR Ministry of Health in the field of ionizing radiation measurements; it was set up on its initiative in 1961. Seven years later WHO experts in Geneva raised a question of the organization of a similar world service. At present the USSR metrological service comprises 2 bases (at the Central Research Roentgenoradiology Institute and at the Moscow Research Roentgenoradiology Institute) and 11 territorial testing dosimetric laboratories in the majority of the USSR regions. They are responsible for testing gamma-therapeutic apparatus. Owing to this service the quality of radiation therapy in the USSR was improved.
Government Agencies/organization & administration , Radiometry , Humans , USSR
