EXPOSURE LEVELS OF UKRAINIAN POPULATION IN THE CONTEXT OF AN ACTION PLAN TO REDUCE INDOOR RADON LEVELS. / RIVNI OPROMINENNIa NASELENNIa UKRAÏNY V KONTEKSTI PLANU DII ShchODO ZMENShENNIa RIVNIV RADONU V POVITRI PRYMIShchEN'.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze and evaluate the available information to indoor radon concentration in the context of theimplementation of the radon action plan. OBJECT OF STUDY: indoor radon-222 in dwellings by area and corresponding radiation risks of the population. Measurements were performed using passive track radonometry. The exposure time of the radonometers is atleast 30 days during heating season. Radiation risk calculations were performed according to the dose coefficientsand mathematical models of the ICRP. RESULTS: It was found that for the whole country, reference level 300 Bq/m3 (radon gas) is exceeded in 16 % ofcases. It was found that geometric mean of radon gas levels was 120 Bq/m3 and varies from 35 to 265 Bq/m3 bydifferent area, namely the difference between radon levels in different territories of the country can be up to 7.5times. Variability of radon levels at the district level is also significant. It was found, radon activity concentrationdiffering by almost 10 times by districts with lognormal distribution and a geometric mean of 75 Bq/m3. The analy-sis of radiation risks of the population has established that estimated annual number of lung cancer deaths due toradon in Ukraine is almost 8,900 cases; and а direct economic loss for the country are estimated at more than $450 million a year. CONCLUSIONS: Surveys of radon levels demonstrated significant variation in radon concentrations between different regions. For the whole country, reference level (300 Bq/m3) is exceeded on above 16 % of the dwellings, butpercentage of exceeding varies from 0.1 to 43.0 % by different area. Information on indoor radon concentrationsin almost a third of the country is non-available. For an effective implementation of the Action plan, it makes sense to introduce radon risk mapping.

THE CONTENT OF NATURAL RADIONUCLIDES IN TECHNOLOGICAL RESIDUES OF UKRAINIAN INDUSTRIES. / VMIST PRYRODNYKh RADIONUKLIDIV U TEKhNOLOGIChNYKh VIDKhODAKh VYDOBUVNOÏ TA PEREROBNOÏ PROMYSLOVOSTI UKRAÏNY.

OBJECTIVE: to assess the naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) content in industrial waste in Ukraine and assess which industries should be a subject for the regulatory oversight. METHODS: Sampling and analysis followed the same procedure in all cases. 250 samples were taken in total. High- resolution gamma spectrometry system ORTEK (US) with the high-purity germanium semiconductor detector (HPGe) were used for sample measurements. AMERSHAM (Germany) standard source was used for calibration of the gamma spectrometer. The estimated minimum detected activity for the measurement time of 3600 s was 0.5 Bq/kg for Thorium-232, and Radium-226 and 1.5 Bq/kg for Potassium-40. RESULTS: Industries with the potential NORM content in their waste were approached in this research. 32 enterpris- es were the subject for investigation. It has been established average content of NORM in waste iron ore enterpris- es varies from 210 to 100 Bq/kg, 226Ra - from 14 to 45 Bq/kg, 40K - from 21 to 350 Bq/kg, 232Th - from 5 to 26 Bq/kg and 238U - from 19 to 48 Bq/kg. It was determined the content of NORM in waste is lower than the exemption lev- els. The average concentration of individual radionuclides does not exceed 10-20 Bq/kg. The assessment of the NORM average activity concentration in sludge and waste samples from different spots of the industrial site esti- mated that values may differ as much as 3 times, with average activity of 8,440 Bq/kg for 226Ra, 28,600 Bq/kg for 232Th, 11,000 Bq/kg for 210Pb. The NORM level in pipe sediments and silts of oil exceed the established exemption lev- els and range as follows: 210Pb 3-11 kBq/kg, 226Ra 2.9-8.4 kBq/kg, 232Th 0.8-2.8 kBq/kg, 226U 0.18-6.9 kBq/kg. CONCLUSION: Monitoring of the NORM levels in wastes has identified the need to establish regulatory control and oversight of the oil industry in the country.