The diagnosis and management of mitral and tricuspid valve disease have undergone major changes in the last few years. The expansion of transcatheter interventions and widespread use of new imaging techniques have altered the recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of these diseases. Because of the exponential growth in the number of publications and clinical trials in this field, there is a strong need for continuous updating of local protocols. The recently published 2021 European Society of Cardiology guidelines for the management of valvular heart disease did not include some of the new data on these new therapies and, moreover, the number of mitral and tricuspid interventions varies widely across Europe. Therefore, all this information must be summarized to facilitate its use in each specific country. Consequently, we present the consensus document of the Section on Valvular Disease, Cardiovascular Imaging, Clinical Cardiology, and Interventional Cardiology Associations of the Spanish Society of Cardiology for the diagnosis and management of mitral and tricuspid valve disease.
La pandemia producida por la infección del nuevo coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, que da lugar a una enfermedad altamente contagiosa (COVID-19), ha producido un colapso de los sistemas sanitarios de todo el mundo. Se ha descrito que estos pacientes sufren un estado inflamatorio que condiciona un alto riesgo trombótico. Sin embargo, apenas hay información sobre cómo abordar el riesgo trombótico, la coagulopatía y el tratamiento anticoagulante de estos pacientes. Por otra parte, incluso los pacientes no infectados por COVID-19 sufren una tremenda influencia en su abordaje habitual por la situación sanitaria actual. El objetivo del presente documento, elaborado por el Grupo de Trabajo de Trombosis Cardiovascular de la Sociedad Española de Cardiología, es presentar la información disponible y dar unas pautas sencillas de tratamiento con fármacos antitrombóticos
The new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, which gives rise to the highly contagious COVID-19 disease, has caused a pandemic that is overwhelming health care systems worldwide. Affected patients have been reported to have a heightened inflammatory state that increases their thrombotic risk. However, there is very scarce information on the management of thrombotic risk, coagulation disorders, and anticoagulant therapy. In addition, the situation has also greatly influenced usual care in patients not infected with COVID-19. This article by the Working Group on Cardiovascular Thrombosis of the Spanish Society of Cardiology aims to summarize the available information and to provide a practical approach to the management of antithrombotic therapy
Humans , Fibrinolytic Agents/administration & dosage , Coronavirus Infections/drug therapy , Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus/pathogenicity , Thrombosis/drug therapy , Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome/drug therapy , Venous Thromboembolism/drug therapy , Blood Coagulation Disorders/drug therapy , Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors/administration & dosage , Thrombosis/prevention & control , Anticoagulants/administration & dosage , Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight/administration & dosage , Vitamin K/antagonists & inhibitors , Pandemics , Pneumonia, Viral/drug therapy , Blood Coagulation Disorders/physiopathology , Drug Interactions
The new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, which gives rise to the highly contagious COVID-19 disease, has caused a pandemic that is overwhelming health care systems worldwide. Affected patients have been reported to have a heightened inflammatory state that increases their thrombotic risk. However, there is very scarce information on the management of thrombotic risk, coagulation disorders, and anticoagulant therapy. In addition, the situation has also greatly influenced usual care in patients not infected with COVID-19. This article by the Working Group on Cardiovascular Thrombosis of the Spanish Society of Cardiology aims to summarize the available information and to provide a practical approach to the management of antithrombotic therapy.
Betacoronavirus , Coronavirus Infections/drug therapy , Fibrinolytic Agents/therapeutic use , Pneumonia, Viral/drug therapy , COVID-19 , Cardiology , Humans , Pandemics , Patient Selection , SARS-CoV-2 , Societies, Medical , Spain , COVID-19 Drug Treatment
The new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, which gives rise to the highly contagious COVID-19 disease, has caused a pandemic that is overwhelming health care systems worldwide. Affected patients have been reported to have a heightened inflammatory state that increases their thrombotic risk. However, there is very scarce information on the management of thrombotic risk, coagulation disorders, and anticoagulant therapy. In addition, the situation has also greatly influenced usual care in patients not infected with COVID-19. This article by the Working Group on Cardiovascular Thrombosis of the Spanish Society of Cardiology aims to summarize the available information and to provide a practical approach to the management of antithrombotic therapy.
Introducción y objetivos: Las mutaciones en el gen de la troponina T (TNNT2) se han asociado en pequeños estudios al desarrollo de miocardiopatía hipertrófica caracterizada por alto riesgo de muerte súbita e hipertrofia leve. Se describe el curso clínico de los pacientes portadores de mutaciones en este gen. Métodos: Se analizaron las características clínicas y el pronóstico de los sujetos con mutaciones en el gen TNNT2 atendidos en una unidad de cardiopatías familiares. Resultados: A partir de 180 familias con miocardiopatías estudiadas genéticamente, se identificó a 21 (11,7%) con mutaciones en TNNT2: 10 familias Arg92Gln, 5 Arg286His, 3 Arg278Cys, 1 Arg92Trp, 1 Arg94His y 1 Ile221Thr. A través de la evaluación familiar se identificó a 33 portadores genéticos adicionales. El estudio incluyó a 54 portadores genéticos: el 56% varones con una media de edad de 41 ± 17 años; 33 miocardiopatías hipertróficas, 9 dilatadas y 1 no compactada, con grosor máximo de 18,5 ± 6 mm; con disfunción ventricular el 30% y antecedentes de muerte súbita el 62%. En el seguimiento 4 fallecieron y 14 (33%) recibieron un desfibrilador (8 probandos, 6 familiares). La supervivencia media fue de 54 años. Los portadores de Arg92Gln tuvieron desarrollo precoz, alta penetrancia, alto riesgo de muerte súbita, alta tasa de implante de desfibrilador y alta frecuencia de fenotipo mixto. Conclusiones: Las mutaciones en el gen TNNT2 fueron más frecuentes en esta serie. Su perfil clínico y pronóstico depende de la mutación hallada. Los portadores de la mutación Arg92Gln desarrollaron miocardiopatía hipertrófica o dilatada y tuvieron un pronóstico significativamente peor que con otras mutaciones en TNNT2 u otros genes sarcoméricos (AU)
Introduction and aims: Mutations in the troponin T gene (TTNT2) have been associated in small studies with the development of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy characterized by a high risk of sudden death and mild hypertrophy. We describe the clinical course of patients carrying mutations in this gene. Methods: We analyzed the clinical characteristics and prognosis of patients with mutations in theTNNT2 gene who were seen in an inherited cardiac disease unit. Results: Of 180 families with genetically studied cardiomyopathies, 21 families (11.7%) were identified as having mutations in TNNT2: 10 families had Arg92Gln, 5 had Arg286His, 3 had Arg278Cys, 1 had Arg92Trp, 1 had Arg94His, and 1 had Ile221Thr. Thirty-three additional genetic carriers were identified through family assessment. The study included 54 genetic carriers: 56% were male, and the mean average age was 41 ± 17 years. There were 33 cases of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, 9 of dilated cardiomyopathy, and 1 of noncompaction cardiomyopathy, and maximal myocardial thickness was 18.5 ± 6 mm. Ventricular dysfunction was present in 30% of individuals and a history of sudden death in 62%. During follow-up, 4 patients died and 14 (33%) received a defibrillator (8 probands, 6 relatives). Mean survival was 54 years. Carriers of Arg92Gln had early disease development, high penetrance, a high risk of sudden death, a high rate of defibrillator implantation, and a high frequency of mixed phenotype. Conclusions: Mutations in the TNNT2 gene were more common in this series than in previous studies. The clinical and prognostic profiles depended on the mutation present. Carriers of the Arg92Gln mutation developed hypertrophic or dilated cardiomyopathy and had a significantly worse prognosis than those with other mutations in TNNT2 or other sarcomeric genes (AU)
Humans , Cardiomyopathies/genetics , Troponin/genetics , Mutation/genetics , Cardiomegaly/genetics , Death, Sudden, Cardiac , Heart Failure/genetics , Prognosis , Genetic Markers , Risk Factors
INTRODUCTION AND AIMS: Mutations in the troponin T gene (TTNT2) have been associated in small studies with the development of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy characterized by a high risk of sudden death and mild hypertrophy. We describe the clinical course of patients carrying mutations in this gene. METHODS: We analyzed the clinical characteristics and prognosis of patients with mutations in the TNNT2 gene who were seen in an inherited cardiac disease unit. RESULTS: Of 180 families with genetically studied cardiomyopathies, 21 families (11.7%) were identified as having mutations in TNNT2: 10 families had Arg92Gln, 5 had Arg286His, 3 had Arg278Cys, 1 had Arg92Trp, 1 had Arg94His, and 1 had Ile221Thr. Thirty-three additional genetic carriers were identified through family assessment. The study included 54 genetic carriers: 56% were male, and the mean average age was 41 ± 17 years. There were 33 cases of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, 9 of dilated cardiomyopathy, and 1 of noncompaction cardiomyopathy, and maximal myocardial thickness was 18.5 ± 6mm. Ventricular dysfunction was present in 30% of individuals and a history of sudden death in 62%. During follow-up, 4 patients died and 14 (33%) received a defibrillator (8 probands, 6 relatives). Mean survival was 54 years. Carriers of Arg92Gln had early disease development, high penetrance, a high risk of sudden death, a high rate of defibrillator implantation, and a high frequency of mixed phenotype. CONCLUSIONS: Mutations in the TNNT2 gene were more common in this series than in previous studies. The clinical and prognostic profiles depended on the mutation present. Carriers of the Arg92Gln mutation developed hypertrophic or dilated cardiomyopathy and had a significantly worse prognosis than those with other mutations in TNNT2 or other sarcomeric genes.
Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/genetics , Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/genetics , Mutation/genetics , Troponin T/genetics , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/mortality , Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/mortality , Child , Death, Sudden, Cardiac/etiology , Disease-Free Survival , Female , Founder Effect , Genotype , Heart Failure/genetics , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Pedigree , Phenotype , Prognosis , Young Adult
