Artificial intelligence development and dissemination impact on the sports industry labor market.

Purpose: The objective of this study is to explore the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) development on the sports industry labor market, the ways in which AI has influenced the demand for labor, created new job opportunities, and impacted existing job roles. Methodology: It refers to the inductive approach in the spirit technological determinism theory. It is based on the literature review and written qualitative, semi-structured interviews (N = 14) with sports human resources, management, and technology professionals (purposive sampling). Analysis involved inductive coding and line-by-line analytics of the data. Findings: The labor market implications of AI in the sports industry are multifaceted. New job roles are likely to emerge, demanding a blend of AI expertise, data-analysis skills, and sports domain knowledge. Professionals in roles such as sports data analysts and marketing experts may find increasing opportunities. However, certain jobs undergo transformation as AI automates routine tasks. It requires individuals to upskill or transition to roles that require a deeper understanding of AI. This necessitates the creation of responsibilities focused on ethical AI governance and oversight. Originality: It is important to research the impact of AI dissemination on the sports industry labor market in a holistic manner because the effects of AI are complex and far-reaching. While there are potential benefits to the implementation of AI, there are also potential risks and challenges that need to be addressed, the implementation of AI in the sports industry could have broader social and ethical implications that need to be considered.

Multiple linear regression based model for the indoor temperature of mobile containers.

It is important to work out precise and easy-to-use mathematical models to predict the indoor temperature in buildings for human residence. Such models can support model-based/predictive controls to efficiently maintain the temperature at a comfortable level. Accordingly, as main contribution, the paper proposes a new, easy-to-use, black-box type, multiple linear regression (MLR) based model for the indoor temperature of mobile (office) containers. The model, having low computational demand, could be easily generalized for different types of residence places (in the future). A discretized, physically-based model version of the classical, widely used heat transfer theory (based on energy balance) is recalled for comparison with the MLR-based model. Both models have the same (exogenous) inputs: global solar irradiance, environment temperature and wind speed. Both models are validated based on measured data. The MLR-based model is more precise, its modelling error is 7.1%, which means that it can be used well for general engineering aims. Moreover, the model is detailed in time (it gives an output value per half minute), so it could be properly used for real-time prediction and control purposes. Another contribution of the paper is that the MLR-based model is used to estimate the application potential of solar collectors, installed on the top of the container, for space heating. Based on the results, two solar collectors could extend the time with comfortable indoor temperature by more than 5 h within a three-day period in spring (in Hungary). Finally, conclusions and possible topics for future researches are provided.

Parental Stressors in Sports Influenced by Attributes of Parents and Their Children.

(1) Background: Although parental behavior is known to be an important source of influence, relatively few studies have examined the factors possibly contributing parental stressors as being directly related to their children's sport socialization. The present study explored the relative importance of related parental stressors and the associations between these stressors and various types of parental involvement. (2) Method: A total of 1260 parents completed an online form including demographic questions, questions on their children's sport participation, and three self-report measures (PSSS, PISQ, and PASSES). (3) Results: The results revealed that the multiple linear regression models for overall parental stress were statistically significant. The significant predictors were the parent's educational level, the child's current stage of sports participation, and the child's sport injury (or the lack thereof). Furthermore, the stressors perceived by parents were positively associated with parental direct behavior and pressure. (4) Conclusions: Parents are under more stress as their child's stages of sport development increases, if their child has already had a sports injury, and the parents' directive behavior and experienced stress were significantly associated. The obtained results expand the existing knowledge of the complexity of parents' importance in children's sports careers.

Mass Diffusion of Modern Digital Technologies as the Main Driver of Change in Sports-Spectating Audiences.

The rapid uptake of digital technologies is constantly transforming the modern culture of sports spectating; however, relatively little is known about the impact of digitalization on the changing face of global sports-consuming audiences, particularly from a qualitative perspective. In this article, the relationship between modern mass digital technologies (i.e., mobile applications and big data) and audiences of sports spectators is described and explained by taking a customer-centric approach to grounded theory using a literature review and in-depth qualitative semi-structured interviews (N = 12) with sports marketing, management, and technology professionals. The qualitative approach permits the gathering of in-depth insights into a problem, generates new concepts through data synthesis and analysis, and captures changing attitudes within the sports industry. Moreover, the qualitative approach to research is not bound by the limitations of quantitative methods and focuses on the primary questions of "how" and "why" digital technology's mass deployment and diffusion have transformed content consumption in the sports industry. The analysis first systematizes and codes the collected data. Second, all the materials are iteratively read and the key points are outlined. Using the iterative analysis, the theoretical and empirical insights and findings are synthesized in order to achieve the results. Finally, dimensions of the transformation of sports spectators' consumption are identified and explained. The research implications highlight "how" and "why" modern digital technologies have changed the sports-consuming audience by making it more inclusive in terms of age, gender, demographics, social and health status. These findings are useful for sport managers to better understand their audiences and processes in an ever-changing global society.

No major differences found between the effects of microwave-based and conventional heat treatment methods on two different liquid foods.

Extension of shelf life and preservation of products are both very important for the food industry. However, just as with other processes, speed and higher manufacturing performance are also beneficial. Although microwave heating is utilized in a number of industrial processes, there are many unanswered questions about its effects on foods. Here we analyze whether the effects of microwave heating with continuous flow are equivalent to those of traditional heat transfer methods. In our study, the effects of heating of liquid foods by conventional and continuous flow microwave heating were studied. Among other properties, we compared the stability of the liquid foods between the two heat treatments. Our goal was to determine whether the continuous flow microwave heating and the conventional heating methods have the same effects on the liquid foods, and, therefore, whether microwave heat treatment can effectively replace conventional heat treatments. We have compared the colour, separation phenomena of the samples treated by different methods. For milk, we also monitored the total viable cell count, for orange juice, vitamin C contents in addition to the taste of the product by sensory analysis. The majority of the results indicate that the circulating coil microwave method used here is equivalent to the conventional heating method based on thermal conduction and convection. However, some results in the analysis of the milk samples show clear differences between heat transfer methods. According to our results, the colour parameters (lightness, red-green and blue-yellow values) of the microwave treated samples differed not only from the untreated control, but also from the traditional heat treated samples. The differences are visually undetectable, however, they become evident through analytical measurement with spectrophotometer. This finding suggests that besides thermal effects, microwave-based food treatment can alter product properties in other ways as well.