[Wilson's disease ("hepatic form") in a region endemic for schistosomiasis mansoni: clinical presentation of 25 patients]. / Doença de Wilson ("forma hepática") em região endêmica para esquistossomose mansoni: apresentação clínica de 25 pacientes.

Brazil has a young population and areas of endemic mansoni schistosomiasis where Wilson's disease might be easily misdiagnosed in patients erroneously classified as having either the hepatosplenic or the hepatointestinal form of the helminthiasis. Twenty five patients with the "hepatic form" of Wilson's disease (14 males and 11 females) were investigated in Belo Horizonte, MG; the mean age was 13.7 years (3 to 22). Nineteen had hepatomegaly (76%) and nine splenomegaly (36%). Twenty two (88%) had cirrhosis. The Kaiser-Fleisher ring was detected in fifteen (60%). Four (16%) had clear neurological abnormalities. Eleven (44%) had ascitis and/or jaundice. Ninety one point three per cent and 92% had low ceruloplasmin and copper serum levels respectively. Eighty four point two per cent showed an increased 24 hours urinary copper excretion; seven patients in whom hepatic copper was determined had increased values. Six out of nine had at least a ten fold increase in 24 hours urinary copper excretion following penicillamine use ("penicillamine test"). Three out of 19 patients (15.8%) had mansoni schistosoma ova in stools examination, a common prevalence in our population. Their biopsies showed inactive cirrhosis without schistosomiasis-associated alterations. At least fourteen patients (56%) could be misdiagnosed as having hepatointestinal or hepatosplenic schistosomisis when in fact they suffered from Wilson's disease with or without asymptomatic intestinal schistosomiasis, losing the chance of an early treatment. The follow-up time of 22 patients was 52 months (1 to 96); eight (36.3%) died, four from bleeding esphageal varices, three from terminal hepatic failure and one from fulminant liver failure. The majority of the patients, including those who died, had abandomned the use of penicillamine or had taken it irregularly, due mainly to its highly expensive cost. A 17 year old patient underwent a successful liver transplant in 1989.

[Clinical, laboratory and liver histology of HBsAg-positive volunteer blood donors in Belo Horizonte, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil]. / Estudo clínico, laboratorial e da histologia hepática de candidatos a doadores de sangue HBsAg positivos em Belo Horizonte.

Two hundred and fifty two blood donors HBsAg positive (mean age = 32.6, 91, 7% male) were searched into a transversal study to determine their clinical, laboratorial and histological characteristics. It was also compared the positiviness and negativiness of the serologic markers HBeAg, anti-Hbe and IgM anti-HBc with the values of serum aminotransferases. Hepatomegaly and splenomegaly were detected in 9.9% (25/252) and in 2.4% (6/252) respectively. In 17.5% (44/251) and 28.3% (71/251) the AST and ALT were respectively, over 50 UI/I. The positive frequencies of the various serologic markers of hepatitis B virus in 120 patients were: anti-HBc total in 89.5% (102/114), HBeAg in 25.7% (28/109) anti-Hbe in 67.3% (66/98), IgM anti-HBc in 40.8% (49/120); anti-Delta in 0.0% (0.66). Thirty one patients were submitted to liver biopsy, due do clinical alteration and/or of the aminotransferases. The hystological findings were: normal liver in 16.1% (5/31), non specific hystological alterations in 22.6% (7/31), persistent chronic hepatitis in 22.6% (7/31), active chronic hepatitis in 6.5% (2/31), cirrhosis in 12.9% (4/31), alcoholic hepatitis in 3.2% (1/31), lobular chronic hepatitis in 3.2% (1/31) and alterations exclusively due to schistosomiasis in 12.9% (4/31). Schistosomiasis elements (granuloma and/or Symmers fibrosis) were also notived in 7 patients. The comparative analysis of positiveness and negativeness of the serologic markers with the aminotransferases ("t" test of Student) showed significative difference of the averages (p < 0.05) only in relation to the simultaneous positeveness and negativeness of the HBeAg and IgM anti-HBc (average of AST = 56.11 and ALT = 78.00 when HBeAg and IgM anti-HBc were positive; average of AST = 24.25 and ALT = 27.00 when HBeAg and IgM anti-HBc were negative). According to this study the conclusion are: 1) The presence of two markers (HBeAg and IgM anti-HBc) and not only one determinant of viral replication in asymptomatic HBsAg carriers can strongly indicate a significant biochemical activity suggestive of hepatocellular lesion. 2) The presence of HBeAg in 25.7% (28/109) clearly shows the high rate of carriers with a potential of infectivity. 3) The results of hepatic histology shows that the majority of our patients had either normal liver or mild histological alterations. It is important to notice that only the cases with elevated aminotransferases were submitted to liver biopsies. The alterations caused by schistosomiasis shows, as is well known, the high prevalence of the parasitism in our surroundings. 4) The clinical aspects of the patients studied did not show significant alterations. Risk factors to get the infection were low. The hematologic and biochemical parameters (except aminotransferases) were either normal or just slightly abnormal. It was not detected a statistically significant difference. 5) The co-infections by delta virus was null.

Hepatopatia em receptores de transplante renal. / Hepatopathy in renal transplantation recipients

Treze dentre 55 pacientes em hemodialise (23,6%) foram submetidos a biopsia hepaticas antes e apos transplante renal e acompanhados, em media, por 18,3 meses, por serem HBaAg positivo (12 pacientes, 21,8%) e/ou terem disfuncao hepatica. A simples persistencia do HBsAg no soro se acompanhava, com frequencia, de biopsias normais ou com alteracoes inespecificas. Entretanto, quatro pacientes HBsAg positivos apresentaram hepatopatia fatal algum tempo apos o transplante: dois com cirrose comprovada, um com necrose submacica e outro, que se tornara etilista inveterado, com provavel cirrose. Um quinto paciente HBaAg positivo evoluiu para hepatite cronica ativa apos rejeicao do transplante. Embora a persistencia do HBsAg no soro indique sempre mau prognostico apos o transplante, parece ser a principal causa de hepatopatia em nosso grupo de renais cronicos e associa-se, por vezes, a disfuncao hepatica intensa e ate fatal

Figado gorduroso agudo idiopatico da gravidez. Estudo clinico-patologico de tres casos. / Idiopathic acute fatty liver of pregnancy. Clinico-pathological study of 3 cases

Os autores relatam tres casos de figado gorduroso agudo idiopatico da gravidez, estudados do ponto de vista clinico e anatomo-patologico: duas pacientes sobreviveram, tendo havido involucao da hepatopatia comprovada por puncao-biopsia percutanea, e uma terceira evoluiu para o obito, para o qual concorreu a coexistencia de descolamento prematuro da placenta. Chamam a atencao para a possibilidade da ocorrencia de nova gravidez nao complicada (caso I) bem como para o risco de hipoglicemia grave (casos I e II) capaz de determinar importante sequela neurologica (caso II) e a exigir a monitorizacao e o controle rigoroso dos niveis de glicose sanguinea

Effect of normal and ulcer-type diet on the acidity of gastric contents in patients with duodenal ulcer.

Patients with uncomplicated duodenal ulcer were given two types of diet -a normal and a ulcer-type diet. The data obtained did not show any statistically significant difference between the action of the two diets. No evidence was then found to be in support of the still widely used restricted diet in the treatment of peptic ulcer.