Itinerários terapêuticos de pessoas hospitalizadas por covid-19 no SUS: um estudo quantiqualitativo no Distrito Federal / Therapeutic itineraries of people hospitalized for COVID-19 in the SUS: quantitative and qualitative study in the Federal District

RESUMO Os estudos sobre itinerários terapêuticos revelam modelos de cuidado e decisões tomadas pelas pessoas em situações de adoecimento e podem contribuir para o planejamento de políticas e serviços de saúde mais efetivos, especialmente em emergências como a pandemia de covid-19. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi descrever os itinerários terapêuticos de pacientes hospitalizados por covid-19 em um hospital público do Distrito Federal e explorar associações com determinantes sociais da saúde. Trata-se de um estudo de caso integrado, com triangulação de evidências quantitativas e qualitativas obtidas a partir da análise do banco de dados de um estudo observacional transversal com 233 adultos internados entre maio/2020 e dezembro/2021. A maioria homens, idosos, pretos ou pardos, com baixo nível de renda e escolaridade e múltiplas comorbidades, que procuraram atendimento na atenção especializada e conseguiram acesso rápido ao sistema de saúde. Os fatores que influenciaram a escolha do primeiro serviço foram: ocupação, região de moradia, classe econômica e escolaridade. Já os determinantes da facilidade de acesso foram: tipo de serviço buscado primeiro, gravidade do caso e contexto socioeconômico. Os resultados confirmam a influência de determinantes sociais nas experiências de adoecimento e podem subsidiar reflexões relacionadas à organização do acesso ao SUS em emergências sanitárias.

ABSTRACT Studies on therapeutic itineraries reveal models of care and decisions taken by people in situations of illness and can contribute to the planning of effective health policies and services, especially in emergencies such as the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this research was to describe the itineraries of patients hospitalized for COVID-19 in a public hospital in the Federal District and explore associations with social determinants of health. This is an integrated case study, with triangulation of quantitative and qualitative evidence obtained from the analysis of raw data from a cross-sectional observational study with 233 adults hospitalized between May/2020 and December/2021. The majority were men, elderly, black or brown, with low income and education levels and multiple comorbidities, who sought care in specialized care and obtained quick access to the health system. The factors that influenced the choice of the first service sought were: occupation, region of residence, economic class and education. The determinants of ease of access were: type of service first sought, severity of the case and socioeconomic context. The results confirm the influence of social determinants on illness experiences and can support reflections related to the organization of access to the SUS in health emergencies.

Characterization of Guillain-Barré Syndrome in the integrated development region of the Federal District and Surrounding Areas (RIDE), Brazil, between 2017 and 2019.

INTRODUCTION: Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) is an acute immune-mediated polyneuropathy that primarily affects the peripheral nerves. Following the Zika virus outbreak in Latin America, all the Latin American and Brazilian studies conducted reported an increase in the incidence of GBS. The present study aims to characterize the clinical and demographic profile of patients with GBS, according to electrophysiological estudies. METHODS: This is a clinical cohort study based on data from medical charts and interviews conducted at the homes of GBS cases identified by three data sources, admitted to and treated at a tertiary referral hospital between March 2017 and May 2019. RESULTS: There was a high level of diagnostic certainty among the 51 GBS cases monitored, with most classified as exhibiting acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP). The majority of the individuals were of working age, with an average schooling level. Diarrhea and upper respiratory tract infection were the previous events most reported. Most cases were admitted to the hospital unable to walk and the main complication identified was aspiration pneumonia. CONCLUSION: The findings indicate the need to rethink the care of patients with GBS in order to minimize the possibility of future complications during hospitalization that may lead to unfavorable outcomes.

Sensitivity of Guillain-Barre Syndrome Surveillance in the Brazilian Federal District, using the Capture-Recapture Method.

INTRODUCTION: Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS) is an acute immune-mediated polyneuropathy that compromises the peripheral and cranial nerves. It is characterized by rapid-onset paresthesia accompanied by progressive weakness in the lower extremities followed by symmetric ascending paralysis. METHODOLOGY: assessment of sensitivity to detect GBS between March 2017 and May 2019 in a public referral hospital, using the capture-recapture method based on the Chapman estimator and comparing three GBS data sources: the hospital-based sentinel surveillance system (VSBH), Human Immunoglobulin Dispensing Records System (RDIH), and Hospital Information System (SIH). RESULTS: A total of 259 possible cases were identified (captured). Of these, 58 were confirmed and most resided in the Federal District. The VSBH showed the greatest sensitivity in case identification. The temporal distribution of cases showed periods with no cases identified, and more were registered during the rainy season from October to May, when high temperatures also occur. CONCLUSIONS: Increased circulation of arboviruses and gastrointestinal infections during the rainy season may explain the greater concentration of GBS cases. It is important to note that one-third of the cases identified in the different data sources do not converge, demonstrating that no single surveillance system is 100% effective. The severity and possible increase in cases related to GBS demonstrates the need for an improved surveillance system capable of monitoring and following-up cases involving neurological syndromes, regardless of the event preceding infection.

Assessment of the Perception of People Living With HIV Regarding the Quality of Outpatient Care at a Reference Facility in the Federal District, Brazil.

The effectiveness of antiretroviral treatment has transformed HIV infection into a chronic transmissible condition, requiring health systems to adapt in order to care for people living with HIV. The Chronic Care Model (CCM) is the gold standard for this type of care in many countries. Among its tools, the Patient Assessment of Chronic Illness Care (PACIC) questionnaire gives the patient's perspective of the care provided. The aim of the present study was to adapt and apply, for the first time, the questionnaire to people living with HIV to determine their perception of the quality of care provided at a reference hospital in the Federal District of Brazil. This is a case study conducted in 2019 at a teaching hospital, with a convenience sample of 30 individuals treated for at least 1 year at the facility. The median PACIC score (3.5 with a range of 1.0-5.0) seems to suggest that the users perceive the outpatient care provided by the hospital as being basic. The "delivery system design/decision support" component was deemed the best (5.0, with a range of 1.0-5.0) and "follow-up/coordination" the worst (1.0, with a range of 1.0-5.0). The results suggest the need to improve the organization of care and make adequate use of community resources, in line with the CCM. The questionnaire makes it possible to determine the strengths and weaknesses of the care provided to people living with HIV and can be used as a planning and monitoring tool to improve management of the condition, with the contribution of the patient, in particular, thereby strengthening self-care.

Tuberculosis cases with post-mortem notification in Brazil, 2014: a descriptive study based on surveillance data. / Casos de tuberculose com notificação após o óbito no Brasil, 2014: um estudo descritivo com base nos dados de vigilância.

OBJECTIVE: To characterize tuberculosis cases notified at post-mortem in Brazil in 2014. METHODS: This is a descriptive study of tuberculosis cases notified at post-mortem. Data resulted from linkage of the Notifiable Health Conditions Information System-TB (SINAN-TB) and the Mortality Information System (SIM), and were described according to underlying cause of death: tuberculosis, AIDS and other. RESULTS: In the 2,703 tuberculosis cases notified at post-mortem, a higher proportion was found of people of the male sex (73.5%), aged over 39 (80.8%), <8 years of schooling (66.5%), of Black and brown race/skin color (62.8%), with the pulmonary clinical form of tuberculosis (75.2%); there was also a higher proportion of cases notified by the public health service (57.6%) and in municipalities with HDI-M >0.7 (66.6%). CONCLUSION: The characteristics described of people with post-mortem notification and the magnitude of this outcome suggest weaknesses in tuberculosis care and surveillance services.

Ten Epidemiological Parameters of COVID-19: Use of Rapid Literature Review to Inform Predictive Models During the Pandemic.

Objective: To describe the methods used in a rapid review of the literature and to present the main epidemiological parameters that describe the transmission of SARS-Cov-2 and the illness caused by this virus, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods: This is a methodological protocol that enabled a rapid review of COVID-19 epidemiological parameters. Findings: The protocol consisted of the following steps: definition of scope; eligibility criteria; information sources; search strategies; selection of studies; and data extraction. Four reviewers and three supervisors conducted this review in 40 days. Of the 1,266 studies found, 65 were included, mostly observational and descriptive in content, indicating relative homogeneity as to the quality of the evidence. The variation in the basic reproduction number, between 0.48 and 14.8; and the median of the hospitalization period, between 7.5 and 20.5 days stand out as key findings. Conclusion: We identified and synthesized 10 epidemiological parameters that may support predictive models and other rapid reviews to inform modeling of this and other future public health emergencies.

Tuberculosis cases with post mortem notification in Brazil, 2014: a descriptive study based on surveillance data / Casos de tuberculosis notificados después de la muerte en Brasil, 2014: un estudio descriptivo basado en datos de vigilancia / Casos de tuberculose com notificação após o óbito no Brasil, 2014: um estudo descritivo com base nos dados de vigilância

Objective. To characterize cases with post-mortem notification of Tuberculosis in Brazil, in 2014. Methods. This is a descriptive study of tuberculosis cases with post-mortem notification. Data were resulted from the linkage of the Notifiable Diseases Information System-TB (Sinan-TB) and the Mortality Information System (SIM); and were described according to the underlying cause of death: TB, AIDS and others. Results. 2,703 tuberculosis cases had post-mortem notification in Brazil in 2014. There were a high proportion of male (73.5%), age over 39(80.8%), <8 years of education (66.5%), black & brown ethnicity (62.8%), pulmonary clinic form (75.2%), notified by public health service (57.6%) and from municipalities with MHDI >0.7 (66.6%). Conclusion. The described characteristics of people with post-mortem notification and the magnitude of this outcome suggest weaknesses in tuberculosis care and surveillance services.

Objetivo. Caracterizar os casos com notificação pós-óbito da tuberculose no Brasil em 2014. Métodos. Estudo descritivo dos casos de tuberculose com notificação pós-óbito. Os dados são resultantes da vinculação do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (Sinan-TB) com o Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade (SIM), e foram descritos segundo causa básica de óbito: tuberculose, aids e outras. Resultados. Nos 2.703 casos de tuberculose com notificação pós-óbito, observou-se maior proporção de pessoas do sexo masculino (73,5%), com mais de 39 anos de idade (80,8%), com escolaridade <8 anos de estudo (66,5%), de raça/cor da pele negra e parda (62,8%), que adoeceram de tuberculose na forma clínica pulmonar (75,2%); também prevaleceram notificações pelo serviço público (57,6%) e em municípios com índice de desenvolvimento humano >0,7 (66,6%). Conclusão. As características descritas das pessoas notificadas pós-óbito e a magnitude desse desfecho sugerem fragilidades dos serviços de atenção e vigilância da tuberculose

Another piece of the Zika puzzle: assessing the associated factors to microcephaly in a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Although it is known that Zika virus (ZIKV) infection during pregnancy may lead to microcephaly in the fetus, the prognostic factors associated with this tragic disorder remain unclear. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the prognostic factors associated with the incidence of microcephaly in congenital ZIKV infection. METHODS: We conducted a comprehensive search in Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid MEDLINE (R) Epub ahead of print, Embase, Embase Classic, Web of Science, CINAHL, Cochrane CENTRAL, LILACS, and various thesis databases to identify human studies reporting microcephaly associated with congenital ZIKV infection. We requested primary data from the authors of the included studies to calculate summary estimates and conduct the meta-analysis of the most prevalent factors. RESULTS: We screened 4106 titles and abstracts, and identified 12 studies for inclusion in the systematic review. The assessment of ZIKV infection and the definition of microcephaly varied among studies. A total of 6154 newborns/fetuses were enrolled; of those, 1120 (18.20%) had a diagnostic of ZIKV infection, of which 509 (45.45%) were diagnosed with microcephaly. Nine studies addressed the link between congenital ZIKV infection and neurological findings in newborns/fetuses. Half of the studies provided primary data. Three out of 11 factors of interest seem to be prognostic factors of microcephaly: infant's sex - males compared to females: Relative Risk (RR) 1.30, 95% Confidence Interval (95% CI) 1.14 to 1.49; the stage of pregnancy when infection occurred - infection in the first trimester of pregnancy compared to infection at other stages of pregnancy: RR 1.41, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.82; and asymptomatic infection compared to symptomatic infection during pregnancy: RR 0.68; 95% CI 0.60 to 0.77. CONCLUSION: Our findings support the female-biased resistance hypothesis and reinforce the risk associated with the stage of pregnancy when ZIKV infection occurs. Continued surveillance of ZIKV infection during pregnancy is needed to identify additional factors that could contribute to developing microcephaly in affected fetuses. PROTOCOL REGISTRATION: This systematic review was registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO), registration no. CRD 42018088075.

Casos de tuberculose com notificação após o óbito no Brasil, 2014: um estudo descritivo com base nos dados de vigilância / Casos de tuberculosis notificados después del óbito en Brasil, 2014: un estudio descriptivo basado en datos de vigilância / Tuberculosis cases with post-mortem notification in Brazil, 2014: a descriptive study based on surveillance data

Objetivo: Caracterizar os casos com notificação pós-óbito da tuberculose no Brasil em 2014. Métodos: Estudo descritivo dos casos de tuberculose com notificação pós-óbito. Os dados são resultantes da vinculação do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (Sinan-TB) com o Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade (SIM), e foram descritos segundo causa básica de óbito: tuberculose, aids e outras. Resultados: Nos 2.703 casos de tuberculose com notificação pós-óbito, observou-se maior proporção de pessoas do sexo masculino (73,5%), com mais de 39 anos de idade (80,8%), com escolaridade <8 anos de estudo (66,5%), de raça/cor da pele negra e parda (62,8%), que adoeceram de tuberculose na forma clínica pulmonar (75,2%); também prevaleceram notificações pelo serviço público (57,6%) e em municípios com índice de desenvolvimento humano >0,7 (66,6%). Conclusão: As características descritas das pessoas notificadas pós-óbito e a magnitude desse desfecho sugerem fragilidades dos serviços de atenção e vigilância da tuberculose

Objetivo: Caracterizar los casos con notificación de tuberculosis post mortem en Brasil en 2014. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo de casos de tuberculosis con notificación post mortem. Los datos son resultantes de la vinculación del Sistema de Información de Enfermedades de Notificación (Sinan-TB) y Sistema de Información de Mortalidad (SIM); y fueron descritos de acuerdo con la causa básica de muerte: tuberculosis, sida y otros. Resultados: De los 2.703 casos de tuberculosis con notificación post mortem, hubo una mayor proporción de hombres (73,5%), >39 años de edad (80,8%), <8 años de escolaridad (66,5%), raza negra/parda (62,8%), que enfermaron con la forma clínica pulmonar (75,2%), notificados por el servicio público (57,6%) y de municipios con índice de desarrollo humano >0,7 (66,6%). Conclusión: Las características descritas de las personas notificadas post mortem y la magnitud de este resultado sugieren fragilidades en los servicios de atención y vigilancia de la tuberculosis.

Objective: To characterize tuberculosis cases notified at post-mortem in Brazil in 2014. Methods: This is a descriptive study of tuberculosis cases notified at post-mortem. Data resulted from linkage of the Notifiable Health Conditions Information System-TB (SINAN-TB) and the Mortality Information System (SIM), and were described according to underlying cause of death: tuberculosis, AIDS and other. Results: In the 2,703 tuberculosis cases notified at post-mortem, a higher proportion was found of people of the male sex (73.5%), aged over 39 (80.8%), <8 years of schooling (66.5%), of Black and brown race/skin color (62.8%), with the pulmonary clinical form of tuberculosis (75.2%); there was also a higher proportion of cases notified by the public health service (57.6%) and in municipalities with HDI-M >0.7 (66.6%). Conclusion: The characteristics described of people with post-mortem notification and the magnitude of this outcome suggest weaknesses in tuberculosis care and surveillance services.

Casos de tuberculose com notificação após o óbito no Brasil, 2014: um estudo descritivo com base nos dados de vigilância / Tuberculosis cases with post mortem notification in Brazil, 2014: a descriptive study based on surveillance data

Objetivo.Caracterizar os casos com notificação pós-óbito da tuberculose no Brasil em 2014. Métodos.Estudo descritivo dos casos de tuberculose com notificação pós-óbito. Os dados sãoresultantesda vinculação do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (Sinan-TB) comoSistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade (SIM),eforam descritos segundo causa básica de óbito: tuberculose, aids e outras.Resultados.Nos 2.703 casos de tuberculosecomnotificaçãopós-óbito,observou-se maior proporção de pessoas do sexo masculino (73,5%), com mais de 39 anos de idade (80,8%),com escolaridade <8anosde estudo(66,5%), de raça/cor da pele negra eparda (62,8%),que adoeceram de tuberculose na forma clínica pulmonar (75,2%); também prevaleceram notificaçõespelo serviço público (57,6%) e emmunicípios com índice de desenvolvimento humano >0,7 (66,6%). Conclusão.As características descritas das pessoas notificadas pós-óbito e a magnitude desse desfecho sugerem fragilidades dos serviços de atenção e vigilância da tuberculose.

Clinical effectiveness of enzyme replacement therapy with galsulfase in mucopolysaccharidosis type VI treatment: Systematic review.

INTRODUCTION: Mucopolysaccharidosis VI is a rare disease characterized by the arylsulfatase B enzyme deficiency, which is responsible for different clinical manifestations. The treatment consists of enzyme replacement therapy with intravenous administration of galsulfase. OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the effectiveness of the enzyme replacement therapy with galsulfase for the mucopolysaccharidosis VI treatment. METHOD: Systematic review of observational studies. The databases of PubMed, Cochrane Library, Lilacs, and Journal of Inherited Metabolic Disease were reviewed. The selection of studies, data mining, and methodological quality assessment were independently conducted by two authors. RESULTS: Eighteen studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Two studies were cohorts, one was longitudinal study, one was cross-sectional, one was a case-control, eight were case series, and five were case reports. A total of 362 participants with mucopolysaccharidosis type VI were evaluated, and 14 different outcomes related to the treatment effect were identified. Seven outcomes showed positive results, characterized by the patient survival, quality of life, respiratory function, joint mobility, physical resistance, reduction of urinary glycosaminoglycans, and growth. The hearing function and the cognitive development were stable after the treatment. Other outcomes related to the cardiac function, visual acuity, sleep apnea, and the size of the liver and spleen presented inconclusive outcomes. Concerning safety, light adverse reactions of hypersensitivity were reported. CONCLUSION: This review provided a broader panoramic view of the outcomes related to mucopolysaccharidosis type VI. Regardless of the inherent limitations of observational studies, the outcomes indicate that the enzyme replacement therapy has a positive effect on most of the outcomes associated to the disease.

Registry of adverse events related to health care that results in deaths in Brazil, 2014-2016. / Notificações de eventos adversos relacionados com a assistência à saúde que levaram a óbitos no Brasil, 2014-2016.

OBJECTIVE: to describe the adverse events related to health care resulting in death. METHODS: a descriptive study of reports recorded in the Brazilian Health Surveillance Notification System (Notivisa) in Brazil from Jun 2014 to Jun 2016; notifications recorded as 'other' in the 'incident type' were recoded. RESULTS: 417 cases were recorded, mostly in adults and the elderly (85%), with no sex differences; the states of São Paulo (N=92), Paraná (N=75) and Minas Gerais (N=66) were the main reporter; hospitals contributed to 97% of the records, principally in the intensive care and hospitalization sectors; the investigation by the notifying unit occurred in 5% of cases; in the recode of the type of incident, 52 records were recovered; the most common type of incident was 'failures during health care' (50%). CONCLUSION: notifications resulting in death occurred mainly in hospitals; were identified failure to register and need to investigate the large proportion of deaths.

Notificações de eventos adversos relacionados com a assistência à saúde que levaram a óbitos no Brasil, 2014-2016 / Registros de eventos adversos relacionados con la asistencia de salud que resultaron en muertes en Brasil, 2014-2016 / Registry of adverse events related to health care that results in deaths in Brazil, 2014-2016

Objetivo: descrever os eventos adversos relacionados com a assistência à saúde resultantes em óbito. Métodos: estudo descritivo das notificações registradas no Sistema de Notificações para a Vigilância Sanitária (Notivisa) no Brasil, de junho/2014 a junho/2016; notificações registradas como 'outros' em 'tipo de incidente' foram reclassificadas. Resultados: foram registrados 417 óbitos, a maioria em adultos e idosos (85%), sem diferenças entre sexos; os estados de São Paulo (N=92), Paraná (N=75) e Minas Gerais (N=66) foram os maiores notificadores; os hospitais contribuíram com 97% dos registros, com concentração nos setores 'terapia intensiva' e 'internação'; houve investigação pela unidade notificadora em 5% das notificações; na reclassificação do tipo de incidente, recuperaram-se 52 registros; o tipo de incidente mais comum foi 'falhas durante a assistência à saúde' (50%). Conclusão: notificações resultantes em óbito ocorreram principalmente em hospitais; foram identificadas falhas no registro e necessidade de investigação de grande proporção dos óbitos.

Objetivo: describir los eventos adversos relacionados con la asistencia sanitaria que resultaran en muerte. Métodos: estudio descriptivo de las notificaciones registradas en el Sistema de Notificaciones para la Vigilancia Sanitaria (Notivisa) en Brasil entre junio/2014-junio/2016; las notificaciones registradas como 'otros' en la variable 'tipo de incidente' fueron reclasificadas. Resultados: se registraron 417 casos, la mayoría en adultos y ancianos (85%), sin predominio de sexo; los estados de São Paulo (N=92), Paraná (N=75) y Minas Gerais (N=66) fueron los mayores notificantes; los hospitales contribuyeron con el 97% de los registros; la investigación por la unidad notificante se produjo en el 5% de los casos; en la reclasificación, se recuperaron 52 registros; el tipo de incidente más común fue 'fallas durante la asistencia sanitaria' (50%). Conclusión: las notificaciones de eventos resultantes de la muerte son principalmente de hospitales; se identificaron fallas en el registro y necesidad de más investigación de las muertes.

Objective: to describe the adverse events related to health care resulting in death. Methods: a descriptive study of reports recorded in the Brazilian Health Surveillance Notification System (Notivisa) in Brazil from Jun 2014 to Jun 2016; notifications recorded as 'other' in the 'incident type' were recoded. Results: 417 cases were recorded, mostly in adults and the elderly (85%), with no sex differences; the states of São Paulo (N=92), Paraná (N=75) and Minas Gerais (N=66) were the main reporter; hospitals contributed to 97% of the records, principally in the intensive care and hospitalization sectors; the investigation by the notifying unit occurred in 5% of cases; in the recode of the type of incident, 52 records were recovered; the most common type of incident was 'failures during health care' (50%). Conclusion: notifications resulting in death occurred mainly in hospitals; were identified failure to register and need to investigate the large proportion of deaths.