RESUMEN
Most natural forests have been converted for human use, restricting biological life to small forest fragments. Many animals, including some species of bats are disappearing and the list of these species grows every day. It seems that the destruction of the habitat is one of its major causes. This study aimed to analyze how this community of bats was made up in environments with different sizes and quality of habitat. Data from studies conducted in the region of Londrina, Parana, Brazil, from 1982 to 2000 were used. Originally, this area was covered by a semi deciduous forest, especially Aspidosperma polyneuron (Apocynaceae), Ficus insipida (Moraceae), Euterpe edulis (Arecaceae), Croton floribundus (Euforbiaceae), and currently, only small remnants of the original vegetation still exist. The results showed a decline in the number of species caught in smaller areas compared to the largest remnant. In about 18 years of sampling, 42 species of bats were found in the region, representing 67% of the species that occur in Paraná and 24.4% in Brazil. There were two species of Noctilionidae; 21 of Phyllostoma; 11 Vespertilionidae and eight Molossidae. Eight of these were captured only in the largest fragment, Mata dos Godoy State Park (680 ha). Ten species had a low capture rate in the smaller areas with less than three individuals. Of the total sampled, 14 species were found in human buildings, and were able to tolerate modified environments, foraging and even using them as shelter. As the size of the forest area increases, there is a greater variety of ecological opportunities and their physical conditions become more stable, i.e., conditions favorable for growth and survival of a greater number of species. Forest fragmentation limits and creates subpopulations, preserving only long-lived K-strategist animals for some time, where the supporting capacity of the environment is a limiting factor. The reduction of habitats, species and genetic diversity resulting from human activities are endangering the future adaptability in natural ecosystems, which promotes the disappearance of low adaptive potential species.
Asunto(s)
Quirópteros/fisiología , Ecosistema , Actividades Humanas , Animales , Biodiversidad , Brasil , Quirópteros/clasificación , Humanos , Densidad de Población , Dinámica Poblacional , ÁrbolesRESUMEN
Brachiaria humidicola, a species adapted to poorly drained and infertile acid soils, is widely used throughout the tropics. Cytological characterization of 54 accessions of B. humidicola for breeding purposes revealed 2n = 36, 42, and 54 chromosomes. One accession (H030), with 2n = 42 chromosomes, showed a different meiotic behavior. In most accessions from the genus Brachiaria previously studied, the basic chromosome number is x = 9, but the putative basic number in H030 appears to be x = 6. Since six univalent chromosomes were found in diakinesis and metaphase I, and these behaved as laggards in anaphase I, it was hypothesized that both genitors were derived from x = 6, and that this accession is a heptaploid 2n = 7x = 42. The parental genomes did not have the same meiotic behavior, particularly during anaphase, when one genome consisting of six univalents remained as laggards and underwent sister-chromatid segregation. At telophase, 18 segregated chromosomes were found at each pole. The laggard genome did not reach the poles at telophase I or II in time to be included in the nucleus and was eliminated as micronuclei.
Asunto(s)
Brachiaria/genética , Poliploidía , Brachiaria/citología , MeiosisRESUMEN
Objective: To identify the knowledge, attitudes and practices related with breast feeding (BF) in women in reproductive age residents in the settlement Marías of the Municipality of Girón in the year 2005. Subjects and method: A survey of Knowledge, Attitudes, Practices (CAP) was applied to 96 women in fertile age from the Marías settlement. The data were entered and validated in Epi-Info 6.04 and analyzed in Stata 8.2. Central tendency measures were used to analyze the continuous variables; the categorical variables were expressed as proportions. Results: 78.1% of the participants had children. Only 13% had knowledge on the correct form of breastfeeding, 49% did not know the methods for maternal milk conservation, and 69.8% of the participants had a support attitude to breast feeding. The average nursing time was 5.7 months. Complementary feeding was frequently initiated with broth (88%). Conclusions: A considerable proportion of women of the study gave BF less than six months, they initiated complementary feeding before the 6 months and BF was suspended when the infant suffered some illness.
Objetivo: Identificar los conocimientos, actitudes, prácticas relacionados con la Lactancia Materna (LM) en mujeres en edad fértil residentes del asentamiento las Marías del Municipio de Girón en el año 2005. Sujetos y métodos: Se realizó un corte transversal descriptivo con 96 mujeres en edad fértil del asentamiento las Marías, Girón, 2005. Se aplicó una encuesta tipo Conocimientos, Actitudes y Prácticas (CAP). Los datos fueron digitados y validados en Epi- Info 6,04 y analizados en Stata 8,2. Para analizar las variables continuas, se utilizaron medidas de tendencia central y de variabilidad; las variables categóricas fueron expresadas como proporciones. Resultados: El 78,1% de las participantes había tenido hijos. Sólo el 13% tenía conocimientos sobre la forma correcta de amamantar. Un 49% no conocía los métodos de conservación de la leche materna. El 69,8% de las participantes tiene actitud de apoyo cuando ve a una familiar lactando. El tiempo promedio de lactancia materna fue 5,7 meses. El alimento con el que más inician la alimentación complementaria es el caldo (88%). Conclusiones: se presentaron proporciones considerables de mujeres que dieron LM durante menos de seis meses, que iniciaron la alimentación complementaria antes de los 6 meses y que suspendieron la LM cuando el hijo lactante sufrió alguna enfermedad.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Femenino , Adolescente , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Recolección de Datos , Conocimientos, Actitudes y Práctica en Salud , Lactancia Materna/psicología , Estudios Transversales , Periodo Fértil , Grupos de Riesgo , Factores Socioeconómicos , EspañaRESUMEN
RESUMO Foram avaliadas 18 linhagens mexicanas de porte semi-anão e duas cultivares de trigo IAC24 e IAC-370 (controles), em 6 experimentos, com delineamento estatístico em blocos ao acaso, com 4 repetições, instalados em solo corrigido e com emprego de irrigação por aspersão, em Tatuí, Mococa e Ribeirão Preto, no Estado de São Paulo, nos anos de 2003 e 2004. Foram analisadas: produção de grãos, altura das plantas, resistência à ferrugem-da-folha, comprimento das espigas, número de espiguetas por espiga, de grãos por espiga e por espigueta e massa de cem grãos. As linhagens 15 (CAR442/ANA//YACO/3/KAUZ*2/TRAP//KAUZ), 16 (BAV92/STAR), 17 (BAV92/ STAR) e 18 (BAV92/PRL) destacaram-se em relação à produção de grãos e resistência à ferrugem-dafolha. A linhagem 5 (CNDO/R143//ENTE/MEXI/3...) mostrou resistência à ferrugem-da-folha associado a grãos pesados podendo, portanto, ser utilizada comercialmente ou em programas de melhoramento como fontes genéticas dessas características. A cultivar IAC-370 destacou-se por apresentar espigas mais compridas, a linhagem 13 (EHAL//CHUM18/BAU) por exibir grande número de espiguetas por espiga e as linhagens 12 (IA8719*2//KVZ/HD2009) e 18 (BAV92/PRL), por terem grande número de grãos por espiga. Os resultados mostraram que houve uma tendência dos genótipos mais produtivos serem de porte semi-anão mais alto e apresentarem uma maior massa de cem grãos.
ABSTRACT Eighteen Mexican semidwarf type and 2 control cultivars: IAC-24 and IAC-370 were evaluated in 6 experiments, using a randomized block experimental design, with four replications, carried out in limed soils and with sprinkler irrigation, in 2003 and 2004, there being each year, 3 experiments at Tatuí, Mococa and Ribeirão Preto, in the State of São Paulo. Grain yield, plant height, resistance to leaf rust, head length, spikelets per spike, grains per spike and spikelet and 100 grain weight, were evaluated. The inbred lines 15 (CAR442/ANA// YACO/3/KAUZ*2/TRAP// KAUZ), 16 (BAV92/STAR), 17 (BAV92/STAR) and 18 (BAV92/PRL) showed good performance at the same time in relation to grain yield and leaf rust resistance. The inbred line 5 (CNDO/R143//ENTE/MEXI/3...) presented high leaf rust resistance associated to heavy grains, had the possibility to be used as genetic sources of these characters in wheat breeding programs. The cultivar IAC-370 showed long heads, the inbred line 13 (EHAL//CHUM18/BAU) exhibited a large number of spikelets per spike and the inbred lines 12 (IA8719*2//KVZ/HD2009) and 18 (BAV92/PRL) presented a large number of grains per spike. The results showed that there was a tendency of the must productive genotypes presented associations with plants exhibiting tall semidwarf type with heavy grains.
RESUMEN
The purpose of this article is to describe the clinical and pathological features of metastatic angiosarcoma in the central nervous system. Only a few cases of cerebral metastasis from angiosarcoma of the heart have been recorded in the literature; particularly related to intracerebral hemorrhage. A case of secondary cerebral angiosarcoma of the heart in a 33 years old man is presented. The initial symptoms were headache, vomiting, lethargy and aphasia. There was a mass in the left temporal lobe with hemorrhage and edema on the computerized tomography (CT). After 24 hours the neurological status worsened and another CT scan showed rebleeding on the tumor area. He underwent an emergency craniotomy but died two days after. Considering the longer survival of sarcoma patients with new modalities of treatment, the incidence of brain metastasis may increase, demanding a better preventive and more aggressive approach. Besides, due to the hemorrhagic nature of such lesions, we suggest the immediate surgery to prevent a fast and lethal evolution because rebleeding.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias Encefálicas/secundario , Hemorragia Cerebral/etiología , Neoplasias Cardíacas/patología , Hemangiosarcoma/secundario , Adulto , Neoplasias Encefálicas/diagnóstico por imagen , Resultado Fatal , Hemangiosarcoma/diagnóstico por imagen , Humanos , Masculino , Lóbulo Temporal/diagnóstico por imagen , Lóbulo Temporal/patología , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos XRESUMEN
Aiming to analyze the mild to moderate growth retardation associate factors in children at school age, a case control study was conducted with 153 pairs of seven and eight years old children from public schools of the outskirts of the city. The cases were defined as children with a height for age(H/A) between -1 and -2 Z score, according to NCHS/WHO standards, and matched with a H/A +/- 0.5 Z-score children of same age, gender, school, classroom and class time, as controls. The height was measured at school according to WHO rules by trained professionals, and household visits were carried out to obtain environmental and socio-economic data. Initially the data was analyzed by the univariate conditional method and then, the statistically significant variables were included in a model of multivariate logistic regression analysis. As a result, the risk factors remaining at the end of the multivariate analyses, by Odds Ratio and it's 95% Confidence Interval were respectively:--mother's height: for each decrease of one standard deviation the OR increased 1.84(CI: 1.35 to 2.49); inadequate feeding pattern: OR = 2.12; CI: 1.17 to 3.83, very low socio-economic level: OR = 9.2; CI: 3.35 to 25.13, low birth weight: OR = 2.59; CI: 1.44 to 4.63 and smoking during pregnancy: OR = 1.75; CI: 0.98 to 3.12. These results highlight the environment as a determinant factor for growth performance during the first years of the child's life. Despite this, the significant OR for Mother's height allows the assumption that besides the environment, the parent's height has to be considered as one of the determinants of height deficit, even for the low socioeconomic level.
Asunto(s)
Estatura , Trastornos del Crecimiento/epidemiología , Brasil/epidemiología , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Niño , Trastornos de la Nutrición del Niño/epidemiología , Femenino , Trastornos del Crecimiento/etiología , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Factores de Riesgo , Factores SocioeconómicosRESUMEN
The cavernous sinus is most frequently involved by septic thrombosis. The common sites of primary infection are the medial face, orbits, tonsils, soft palate, sphenoid and ethmoid sinuses. The usual clinical presentation begins with fever and periorbital edema followed by headache, ptosis and ocular muscles palsy. The diagnosis is usually made on clinical grounds. Treatment consists of eradication of the primary source of infection and the administration of antibiotics and anticoagulants. We report six cases of septic thrombosis of cavernous sinus.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones Bacterianas/complicaciones , Seno Cavernoso , Trombosis de los Senos Intracraneales/etiología , Adolescente , Adulto , Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Infecciones Bacterianas/diagnóstico , Infecciones Bacterianas/tratamiento farmacológico , Niño , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Estudios Retrospectivos , Trombosis de los Senos Intracraneales/diagnóstico , Trombosis de los Senos Intracraneales/tratamiento farmacológicoRESUMEN
Pseudoaneurysms of the extracranial vertebral artery are extremely rare due to their deep location and the anatomical protection of this artery. They can be caused by cervical traumas (firearm injuries, sports, hyperextension of the neck and iatrogeny). The authors report the case of a patient who developed a giant pseudoaneurysm of the extracranial vertebral artery after surgery for the removal of a tumor of the cerebellopontine angle in which surgical lesion of the artery occurred. Treatment was performed by endovascular approach. Literature is reviewed and comments are made on the physiopathogeny of the lesion and the different forms of treatment.
Asunto(s)
Aneurisma Falso/etiología , Quiste Epidérmico/cirugía , Complicaciones Posoperatorias , Arteria Vertebral/diagnóstico por imagen , Adulto , Aneurisma Falso/terapia , Angiografía , Cateterismo , Craneotomía/efectos adversos , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMEN
A study was carried out to evaluate the effects of liming on the yield of four early varieties of soybeans. The experiment was conducted on a Red Yellow Podzolic soil during three years, in which the last two years the residual effect of liming was studied. A split plot design was used, in which the main plots consisted of liming (0, 4, 8 and 12 t/ha) and the sub-plots the early varieties (IAC-13, IAS-5, BR-4 and BR-6). The results showed that independent of varieties, liming increased the soybean yield, decreased the oil content and increased the protein content. Concerning the average of three years, independent of liming levels, the variety BR-4 produced the greatest quantity of oil and protein (444 and 709 kg/ha). The ratio protein/oil was similar among the four cultivars studied.
Foi estudado o efeito da calagem sobre a produtividade de grãos, óleo e proteína de quatro cultivares de soja. O experimento foi conduzido num solo Podzólico Vermelho Amarelo orto, durante três anos agrícolas sendo os dois últimos para efeito residual. As parcelas receberam aplicações de calcário (0, 4, 8 e 12 t/ha), enquanto nas subparcelas foram cultivadas a soja (IAC-13, IAS-5, BR-4 e BR-6), de ciclo precoce. Independentemente de cultivares, a calagem aumentou a produtividade de grãos, diminuiu a concentração de óleo e aumentou a de proteína. Nos três anos, a variedade BR-4 obteve a maior produtividade de óleo e de proteína (444 e 709 kg/ha). As relações proteína/óleo são semelhantes para os quatro cultivares estudados.
RESUMEN
A study was carried out to evaluate the effects of liming on the yield of four early varieties of soybeans. The experiment was conducted on a Red Yellow Podzolic soil during three years, in which the last two years the residual effect of liming was studied. A split plot design was used, in which the main plots consisted of liming (0, 4, 8 and 12 t/ha) and the sub-plots the early varieties (IAC-13, IAS-5, BR-4 and BR-6). The results showed that independent of varieties, liming increased the soybean yield, decreased the oil content and increased the protein content. Concerning the average of three years, independent of liming levels, the variety BR-4 produced the greatest quantity of oil and protein (444 and 709 kg/ha). The ratio protein/oil was similar among the four cultivars studied.
Foi estudado o efeito da calagem sobre a produtividade de grãos, óleo e proteína de quatro cultivares de soja. O experimento foi conduzido num solo Podzólico Vermelho Amarelo orto, durante três anos agrícolas sendo os dois últimos para efeito residual. As parcelas receberam aplicações de calcário (0, 4, 8 e 12 t/ha), enquanto nas subparcelas foram cultivadas a soja (IAC-13, IAS-5, BR-4 e BR-6), de ciclo precoce. Independentemente de cultivares, a calagem aumentou a produtividade de grãos, diminuiu a concentração de óleo e aumentou a de proteína. Nos três anos, a variedade BR-4 obteve a maior produtividade de óleo e de proteína (444 e 709 kg/ha). As relações proteína/óleo são semelhantes para os quatro cultivares estudados.
RESUMEN
El hidroarsenicismo crónico regional endémico (HACRE es producido por la ingentión de aguas arsenicales y el arsenicismo medicamentoso por utilización de medicamentos en cuya constitución está presente el arsénico (As).Presentamos veintidós pacientes con HACRE y cinco con arsenicismo medicamentoso,vistos en el sector de oncología del servicio de dermatología del Hospital Ramos Mejía y evaluamos sus semejanzas y diferencias. De los veintidos pacientes con HACRE el 72,8 por ciento fueron del sexo masculino y el 27,2 por ciento del femenino, en edades que oscilaron entre los 29 a los 87 años.Observamos queratodermia palmoplantar en 77 por ciento de los casos, queratosis arsenicales en el 27 por ciento, leucomelanodermia en el 22 por ciento y líneas de Mees en 4 por ciento.Entre los 216 tumores cutáneos hallamos el 81,4 por ciento de enfermedad de Bowen,14,4 por ciento de carcinomas basocelulares (CA.B) y 4,2 por ciento de carcinomas epidermoides. Solo se constató un caso de tumor visceral (carcinoma de mama).Las localizaciones encontradas fueron: dorso 37,5 por ciento,miembro superior 18,9 por ciento, miembro inferior 15,2 por ciento,torax 14,78 por ciento,cara 6,2 por ciento, cuello 3,7 por ciento,abdomen 3,7 por ciento. El tiempo de evolución varió dede uno hasta veite años y el tratamiento de elección fue quirúrgico. De los cinco pacientes con arsemnicismo medicamentoso el 80 por ciento fue del sexo masculino y el 20 por ciento del femenino, en edades desde los 53 hasta los 79 años.No encontramos queratodermia palmoplantar,queratosis arsenicales, leucomelanodermia ni líneas de Mees. Los pacientes presentaron 169 tumores en donde el 95,8 por ciento correspondió a CA.B, el 3 por ciento a enfermedad de Bowen y 2,2 por ciento a carcinomas epidermoides. La mujer de este grupo presentó linfoma de Hodgkin, adenocarcinoma infiltrante de glándula de Bartolino y enfermedad de Bowen de clítoris. Las localizaciones observadas fueron: dorso 37,9 por ciento,torax 24,9 por ciento,miembro superior 11,9 por ciento,cara 10 por ciento, ,iembro inferior 7,7 por ciento, curo cabelludo 5,4 por ciento,cuello 1,7 por ciento y genitales 0,5 por ciento.El tratamiento fue quirúrgico. Dentro de las semejanzas observamos : gran profusión de carcinomas cutáneos en sitios cubiertos, hecho solo observable en el arsenicismo; predominio del sexo mascvlino en mayores de 50 años y escasa frecuencia de aparición de carcinoma viscerales.Un dato llamativo fue la negatividad en pelos,uñas y orina de dosaje de As.Dentro de las diferencias encontramos que en el arsenicismo medicamentoso no hallamos queratodermia palmoplantar,melanodermia ni queratosis arsenicales.Hallamos predominio de la enfermedad de Bowen en el HACRE a diferencia de la aparición de CA.B superficial en el arsenicismo medicamentoso. Hacemos hincapié en que el control de los pacientes debe ser periódico y de por vida,tanto en lo cutáneo como en lo sistémico para el hallasgo precoz de cánceres cutáneos y/o viscerales
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Arsénico/clasificación , Arsénico/efectos adversos , Composición de Medicamentos/efectos adversos , Agua Potable , Manifestaciones Cutáneas , Intoxicación por AguaRESUMEN
El hidroarsenicismo crónico regional endémico (HACRE es producido por la ingentión de aguas arsenicales y el arsenicismo medicamentoso por utilización de medicamentos en cuya constitución está presente el arsénico (As).Presentamos veintidós pacientes con HACRE y cinco con arsenicismo medicamentoso,vistos en el sector de oncología del servicio de dermatología del Hospital Ramos Mejía y evaluamos sus semejanzas y diferencias. De los veintidos pacientes con HACRE el 72,8 por ciento fueron del sexo masculino y el 27,2 por ciento del femenino, en edades que oscilaron entre los 29 a los 87 años.Observamos queratodermia palmoplantar en 77 por ciento de los casos, queratosis arsenicales en el 27 por ciento, leucomelanodermia en el 22 por ciento y líneas de Mees en 4 por ciento.Entre los 216 tumores cutáneos hallamos el 81,4 por ciento de enfermedad de Bowen,14,4 por ciento de carcinomas basocelulares (CA.B) y 4,2 por ciento de carcinomas epidermoides. Solo se constató un caso de tumor visceral (carcinoma de mama).Las localizaciones encontradas fueron: dorso 37,5 por ciento,miembro superior 18,9 por ciento, miembro inferior 15,2 por ciento,torax 14,78 por ciento,cara 6,2 por ciento, cuello 3,7 por ciento,abdomen 3,7 por ciento. El tiempo de evolución varió dede uno hasta veite años y el tratamiento de elección fue quirúrgico. De los cinco pacientes con arsemnicismo medicamentoso el 80 por ciento fue del sexo masculino y el 20 por ciento del femenino, en edades desde los 53 hasta los 79 años.No encontramos queratodermia palmoplantar,queratosis arsenicales, leucomelanodermia ni líneas de Mees. Los pacientes presentaron 169 tumores en donde el 95,8 por ciento correspondió a CA.B, el 3 por ciento a enfermedad de Bowen y 2,2 por ciento a carcinomas epidermoides. La mujer de este grupo presentó linfoma de Hodgkin, adenocarcinoma infiltrante de glándula de Bartolino y enfermedad de Bowen de clítoris. Las localizaciones observadas fueron: dorso 37,9 por ciento,torax 24,9 por ciento,miembro superior 11,9 por ciento,cara 10 por ciento, ,iembro inferior 7,7 por ciento, curo cabelludo 5,4 por ciento,cuello 1,7 por ciento y genitales 0,5 por ciento.El tratamiento fue quirúrgico. Dentro de las semejanzas observamos : gran profusión de carcinomas cutáneos en sitios cubiertos, hecho solo observable en el arsenicismo; predominio del sexo mascvlino en mayores de 50 años y escasa frecuencia de aparición de carcinoma viscerales.Un dato llamativo fue la negatividad en pelos,uñas y orina de dosaje de As.Dentro de las diferencias encontramos que en el arsenicismo medicamentoso no hallamos queratodermia palmoplantar,melanodermia ni queratosis arsenicales.Hallamos predominio de la enfermedad de Bowen en el HACRE a diferencia de la aparición de CA.B superficial en el arsenicismo medicamentoso. Hacemos hincapié en que el control de los pacientes debe ser periódico y de por vida,tanto en lo cutáneo como en lo sistémico para el hallasgo precoz de cánceres cutáneos y/o viscerales(AU)
Asunto(s)
Estudio Comparativo , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Arsénico/clasificación , Arsénico/efectos adversos , Agua Potable , Composición de Medicamentos/efectos adversos , Manifestaciones Cutáneas , Intoxicación por AguaRESUMEN
The authors present two cases of mutism after posterior fossa surgery. Two patients aged 16 and 5 years old respectively with astrocytoma and medulloblastoma, developed mutism after the operation. Topographic aspects of the condition are discussed and its neurological expression.
Asunto(s)
Astrocitoma/cirugía , Neoplasias Encefálicas/cirugía , Fosa Craneal Posterior/cirugía , Meduloblastoma/cirugía , Mutismo/etiología , Complicaciones Posoperatorias , Adolescente , Astrocitoma/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias Encefálicas/diagnóstico por imagen , Preescolar , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Meduloblastoma/diagnóstico por imagen , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos XRESUMEN
The objectives of this study were to determine and compare the anthropometric profiles of schoolchildren from low income household from Santiago, Chile and Sao Paulo, Brasil. A total of 1779 children from Santiago and 2210 from Sao Paulo were evaluated. Z-score distribution of the height/age (H/A), weight/age (W/A) and weight/height (W/H) indicators were utilized to assess the children. As a reference, the pattern recommended by WHO was used. The distribution of the H/A curves from both cities were deviated to the left. This deviation was more evident in Santiago. This situation points out the existence of a greater prevalence of growth retardation of the children from this city. In relation to the W/A indicator, both groups showed a similar distribution curves, Sao Paulo group however, had an increment of cases in the left extreme of the curve, under -2 <
Asunto(s)
Antropometría , Trastornos del Crecimiento/epidemiología , Estado Nutricional , Brasil/epidemiología , Niño , Chile/epidemiología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Estándares de Referencia , Factores SocioeconómicosRESUMEN
The objective of the present research was to obtain mutants with reduced plant height and resistance to diseases in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), variety IAC-17, through gamma-irradiation. Seeds were irradiated with gamma-rays (35 krad) and the selection was started in the M2 generation. Three selected lines were compared to the control IAC-17 during three years, in seven trials carried out in several localities under or without irrigation. One mutant line showed significant reduction in plant height, less lodging and increased resistance to powdery mildew (Erysiphe graminis f. sp. tritici) This mutant also showed the same yield, yield components, tolerance to aluminium, cycle and reaction to Helminthosporium sativum, Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, P. recondita as the original variety. The results indicated the usefulness of the mutation breeding method to correct defects of simple inherited characters in oustanding commercial varieties.
A redução na altura da planta e obtenção de resistência às doenças foi experimentada através da indução de mutação por raios-gama na variedade de trigo (Triticum aestivum L.) IAC-17. Sementes foram irradiadas com 35 krad e a partir da geração M2 iniciou-se a seleção. Três das linhagens selecionadas foram comparadas com o cultivar original IAC-17, durante três anos, em sete ensaios avançados realizados em vários locais, em condição de sequeiro e irrigação. Os resultados demonstraram a obtenção de um mutante que apresentou redução na altura da planta, tendência de sofrer menos acamamento e maior resistência a oídio (Erysiphe graminis f. sp. tritici). As demais características agronômicas avaliadas, tais como produção de grãos e seus componentes, reação ao Helminthosporium sativum, causador da mancha das folhas, reação a Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici (ferrugem do colmo) e P. recôndita (ferrugem da folha), tolerância a alumínio e ciclo permaneceram inalteradas em relação a IAC-17. Os resultados indicaram a utilidade da indução de mutações por raios gama para a correção de defeitos de caracteres de herança simples em variedades elites.
RESUMEN
The objective of the present research was to obtain mutants with reduced plant height and resistance to diseases in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), variety IAC-17, through gamma-irradiation. Seeds were irradiated with gamma-rays (35 krad) and the selection was started in the M2 generation. Three selected lines were compared to the control IAC-17 during three years, in seven trials carried out in several localities under or without irrigation. One mutant line showed significant reduction in plant height, less lodging and increased resistance to powdery mildew (Erysiphe graminis f. sp. tritici) This mutant also showed the same yield, yield components, tolerance to aluminium, cycle and reaction to Helminthosporium sativum, Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, P. recondita as the original variety. The results indicated the usefulness of the mutation breeding method to correct defects of simple inherited characters in oustanding commercial varieties.
A redução na altura da planta e obtenção de resistência às doenças foi experimentada através da indução de mutação por raios-gama na variedade de trigo (Triticum aestivum L.) IAC-17. Sementes foram irradiadas com 35 krad e a partir da geração M2 iniciou-se a seleção. Três das linhagens selecionadas foram comparadas com o cultivar original IAC-17, durante três anos, em sete ensaios avançados realizados em vários locais, em condição de sequeiro e irrigação. Os resultados demonstraram a obtenção de um mutante que apresentou redução na altura da planta, tendência de sofrer menos acamamento e maior resistência a oídio (Erysiphe graminis f. sp. tritici). As demais características agronômicas avaliadas, tais como produção de grãos e seus componentes, reação ao Helminthosporium sativum, causador da mancha das folhas, reação a Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici (ferrugem do colmo) e P. recôndita (ferrugem da folha), tolerância a alumínio e ciclo permaneceram inalteradas em relação a IAC-17. Os resultados indicaram a utilidade da indução de mutações por raios gama para a correção de defeitos de caracteres de herança simples em variedades elites.
RESUMEN
Experiments of potassium fertilizers (KC1, K2SO4, K-Mag and vinasse) were conducted in four types of soil: Ortho Red Yellow Podzolic (PV), Dusky distrophic Latosol (LR), Dark Red medium texture Latosol (LE), and Red Yellow medium texture Latosol (LV). The first three fertilizers were applied broadcast at the rate of 150kg/ha of K2O in the first year, whereas vinasse was applied annually at the rate of 50,000 1/ha just before planting soybeans. The results showed that there was a decrease in the concentration of potassium, both in the soil and leaves, anually, during the three years for all four soils. There was a positive response in the yield of soybeans to potassium in the LV soil on the second year and in the PV soil on the third year, however no diferences among potassium fertilizers was observed. The cultivar IAC-9 showed its high capacity to extract not only K but also Ca and Mg.
Um experimento de adubos potássicos (KC1, K2SO4, K-Mag e vinhaça) foi conduzido durante três anos agrícolas em quatro classes de solo: Podzólico Vermelho Amarelo Orto (PV), Latossolo Roxo distrófico (LR), Latossolo Vermelho Escuro textura média (LE) e Latossolo Vermelho Amarelo textura média (LV). Os três primeiros adubos foram aplicados somente no primeiro cultivo da soja na dose de 150kg/ha de K2O a lanço e incorporados, enquanto a vinhaça foi aplicada anualmente na dose de 50.000 l/ha, um pouco antes de semeadura da soja. Os resultados mostraram que os cultivos sucessivos diminuíram gradativamente os teores de potássio tanto no solo como nas folhas. No segundo ano de cultivo em LV houve respostas positivas da cultura da soja ao uso de potássio, enquanto em PV, no terceiro ano. Entretanto, não se observaram diferenças entre os adubos. O cultivar IAC-9 mostrou alta capacidade extratora de K como de Ca e Mg.
RESUMEN
Experiments of potassium fertilizers (KC1, K2SO4, K-Mag and vinasse) were conducted in four types of soil: Ortho Red Yellow Podzolic (PV), Dusky distrophic Latosol (LR), Dark Red medium texture Latosol (LE), and Red Yellow medium texture Latosol (LV). The first three fertilizers were applied broadcast at the rate of 150kg/ha of K2O in the first year, whereas vinasse was applied annually at the rate of 50,000 1/ha just before planting soybeans. The results showed that there was a decrease in the concentration of potassium, both in the soil and leaves, anually, during the three years for all four soils. There was a positive response in the yield of soybeans to potassium in the LV soil on the second year and in the PV soil on the third year, however no diferences among potassium fertilizers was observed. The cultivar IAC-9 showed its high capacity to extract not only K but also Ca and Mg.
Um experimento de adubos potássicos (KC1, K2SO4, K-Mag e vinhaça) foi conduzido durante três anos agrícolas em quatro classes de solo: Podzólico Vermelho Amarelo Orto (PV), Latossolo Roxo distrófico (LR), Latossolo Vermelho Escuro textura média (LE) e Latossolo Vermelho Amarelo textura média (LV). Os três primeiros adubos foram aplicados somente no primeiro cultivo da soja na dose de 150kg/ha de K2O a lanço e incorporados, enquanto a vinhaça foi aplicada anualmente na dose de 50.000 l/ha, um pouco antes de semeadura da soja. Os resultados mostraram que os cultivos sucessivos diminuíram gradativamente os teores de potássio tanto no solo como nas folhas. No segundo ano de cultivo em LV houve respostas positivas da cultura da soja ao uso de potássio, enquanto em PV, no terceiro ano. Entretanto, não se observaram diferenças entre os adubos. O cultivar IAC-9 mostrou alta capacidade extratora de K como de Ca e Mg.
RESUMEN
Cerebral metastasis occur in 10 to 20% of patients with choriocarcinoma. We describe the twelfth patient with oncotic aneurysms from choriocarcinoma verified by cerebral angiography. The importance to consider this disease in a woman of childbearing age who develop an intracerebral hemorrhage or a lesion with mass effect is emphasized, as well as laboratial and radiological characteristics. Therapeutic approaches with chemotherapic agents, surgery and irradiation are discussed.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias Encefálicas/secundario , Coriocarcinoma/secundario , Aneurisma Intracraneal/etiología , Neoplasias Uterinas/patología , Adulto , Neoplasias Encefálicas/complicaciones , Neoplasias Encefálicas/diagnóstico por imagen , Angiografía Cerebral , Hemorragia Cerebral/diagnóstico por imagen , Hemorragia Cerebral/etiología , Coriocarcinoma/complicaciones , Coriocarcinoma/diagnóstico por imagen , Femenino , Humanos , Aneurisma Intracraneal/diagnóstico por imagen , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos XRESUMEN
Cerebral metastasis occur in 10 to 20% of patients with choriocarcinoma. We describe the twelfth patient with oncotic aneurysms from choriocarcinoma verified by cerebral angiography. The importance to consider this disease in a woman of childbearing age who develop an intracerebral hemorrhage or a lesion with mass effect is emphasized, as well as laboratial and radiological characteristics. Therapeutic approaches with chemotherapic agents, surgery and irradiation are discussed