A scalable Li-Al-Cl stratified structure for stable all-solid-state lithium metal batteries.

Sulfides are promising electrolyte materials for all-solid-state Li metal batteries due to their high ionic conductivity and machinability. However, compatibility issues at the negative electrode/sulfide electrolyte interface hinder their practical implementation. Despite previous studies have proposed considerable strategies to improve the negative electrode/sulfide electrolyte interfacial stability, industrial-scale engineering solutions remain elusive. Here, we introduce a scalable Li-Al-Cl stratified structure, formed through the strain-activated separating behavior of thermodynamically unfavorable Li/Li9Al4 and Li/LiCl interfaces, to stabilize the negative electrode/sulfide electrolyte interface. In the Li-Al-Cl stratified structure, Li9Al4 and LiCl are enriched at the surface to serve as a robust solid electrolyte interphase and are diluted in bulk by Li metal to construct a skeleton. Enabled by its unique structural characteristic, the Li-Al-Cl stratified structure significantly enhances the stability of negative electrode/sulfide electrolyte interface. This work reports a strain-activated phase separation phenomenon and proposes a practical pathway for negative electrode/sulfide electrolyte interface engineering.

Caldalkalibacillus salinus sp. nov., isolated from a salt lake in Xinjiang, northwest China.

A novel Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, motile and rod-shaped bacterium, designated as strain YIM B00319T, was isolated from a sediment sample obtained from Wuzunbulake salt Lake in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, northwest China. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences along with the whole genome showed that strain YIM B00319T belongs to the family Bacillaceae and was most closely related to Bacillus horti K13T and Caldalkalibacillus mannanilyticus JCM 10596T, with sequence similarities of 95.7% and 94.6%, respectively. The genome of strain YIM B00319T was 3.77 Mbp with a DNA G + C content of 43%. Strain YIM B00319T grew at 15-45 ℃, pH 7.0-9.5 and with 3-11% (w/v) NaCl. The major respiratory quinone of strain YIM B00319T was MK-7, and the major fatty acids (> 10%) were iso-C15:0, anteiso-C15:0, and summed feature 3 (C16:1 ω6c and/or C16:1 ω7c). The main polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), and diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG). The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. On the basis of the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, genomic, and phylogenetic information, strain YIM B00319T represents a novel species of the genus Caldalkalibacillus, for which the name Caldalkalibacillus salinus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YIM B00319T (= CGMCC 1.18750T = NBRC 115338T).

Gracilibacillus eburneus sp.nov., a moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from Xinjiang province, China.

A novel Gram-staining positive, moderately halophilic, endospore-forming, motile, rod-shaped and strictly aerobic strain, designated YIM 93565T, was isolated from a salt lake in Xinjiang province of China and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. Strain YIM 93565T grew in the range of pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum pH 7.0), 10-45 °C (optimum 35-40 °C) and at salinities of 2-24% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 7-10%). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain YIM 93565T clustered with members of the genera Gracilibacillus and form a clade with Gracilibacillus bigeumensis KCTC 13130T (95.6% similarity) and Gracilibacillus halophilus DSM 17856T (94.9%), which was well separated from others. The DNA G + C content of this novel strain was 36.8 mol%. The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0, iso-C15:0, C16:0 and anteiso-C17:0 and its polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, one unidentified glycolipid and two unidentified phospholipids. The predominant menaquinone was MK-7. The cell-wall peptidoglycan was based on meso-diaminopimelic acid. Based on the results of phylogenetic, physiological and chemotaxonomic comparative analyses, the isolate is assigned to a novel species of the genus Gracilibacillus, for which the name Gracilibacillus eburneus sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain YIM 93565T (= DSM 23710T = CCTCC AB 2013249T).

Skermanella rubra sp. nov., a bacterium isolated from the desert of Xinjiang, China.

A Gram-negative, pink-coloured, rod-shaped, motile bacterium, designated YIM 93097(T), was isolated from the desert soil collected from Xinjiang province of China. Strain YIM 93097(T) was found to grow at 20-45 °C (optimum 28-37 °C), pH 5.0-7.0 (optimum pH 7.0) and 0-8 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 1 %, w/v). Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity studies, it belongs to the genus Skermanella. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity was identified to be 98.7 % to Skermanella xinjiangensis CCTCC AB 207153(T) while the DNA-DNA hybridization value was found to be only 48.1 %. The predominant isoprenoid quinone was determined to be Q-10. The major fatty acids were identified to be C16:0, C18:1 ω7c and summed feature 4 (consisting of C17:1 anteiso B/iso I). The major polar lipids were identified as phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified phospholipids and one unidentified aminolipid. The DNA G+C content was found to be 67.2 mol %. The analysis of the genotypic and phenotypic data indicated that strain YIM 93097(T) belongs to a novel species of the genus Skermanella, for which the name Skermanella rubra sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YIM 93097(T) (=DSM 21389(T)=CCTCC AB 2015161(T)).

A novel Pd-catalyzed N-dealkylative carbonylation of tertiary amines for the preparation of amides.

A novel and convenient protocol for the formation of amides via palladium-catalyzed N-dealkylative carbonylation of alkyl tertiary amines has been developed. In the presence of PdCl2(PhCN)2, CuO, PhCN and CO, a range of substituents on both aryl iodides and alkyl tertiary amines were compatible with the reaction to afford a series of N,N-disubstituted amides in moderate to excellent yields.

Tenuibacillus halotolerans sp. nov., a novel bacterium isolated from a soil sample from a salt lake in Xinjiang, China and emended description of the genus Tenuibacillus.

A Gram-positive, moderately halotolerant, rod-shaped bacterium, designated YIM 94025(T), was isolated from a soil sample from a salt lake in Xinjiang province, north-west China. Strain YIM 94025(T) was observed to grow at 25-45 °C (optimum 37 °C), 0-22 % NaCl (optimum 2-10 %) and pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum pH 8.0). Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the organism belongs to the genus Tenuibacillus and exhibited sequence similarity of 98.0 % to the closest type strain, Tenuibacillus multivorans AS 1.3442(T). The predominant menaquinone was found to be MK-7; the cell-wall peptidoglycan diamino acid was meso-diaminopimelic acid; the polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, an unidentified phospholipid and an unknown lipid; and the major fatty acids were found to contain iso-C(15:0), anteiso-C(15:0) and iso-C(16:0). The chemotaxonomic characteristics of strain YIM 94025(T) are consistent with those of the genus Tenuibacillus. The level of DNA-DNA relatedness value between YIM 94025(T) and T. multivorans AS 1.3442(T) was 36.6 ± 4.5 %. The G+C content of the strain YIM 94025(T) was determined to be 38.5 %. Based on the comparative analysis of physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic data, as well as DNA-DNA hybridization results, the isolate is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Tenuibacillus, for which the name Tenuibacillus halotolerans sp. nov., is proposed, with the type strain of YIM 94025(T) (=CCTCC AB 2012860(T) = KCTC 33046(T)).

[Distribution of microbes and their hereditary diversity in the rhizosphere of carnation in greenhouse].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between microbial community and the blight diseases in rhizosphere of carnation for biological control. METHODS: Bacterial strains isolated from the rhizosphere of healthy and blight carnation plants in greenhouse were replicated by morphology and 16S rRNA gene similarity, and investigated by using phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence alignments. RESULTS: Isolates belonged to 4 phyla of bacteria, 65 isolates from the samples of healthy carnation plants belonged to 9 genera and Bacillus, Streptomyces, Mortierella were the dominant bacteria. However, 33 isolates from the samples of blight carnation plants belonged to 12 genera and Stenotrophomonas, Sphingobacterium, Pseudomonas, Chryseobacterium, Amycolatopsis and Fusarium were only isolated from the sample of blight carnation plants. At least 13 isolates should represent potential novel species based on lower similarities of 16 S rRNA gene (90%-98% ). CONCLUSION: The result showed that either the percentage of the fungus in the total strains or the abundance of Bacillus groups in the total strains can be the referential targets to evaluate whether the carnation soil would be healthy for the carnational growth or lead to fusarium wilt diseases, accurately forecasting potential risks of the disease.

Ginsenoside Rb1 protects PC12 cells against ß-amyloid-induced cell injury.

Excessive accumulation of ß-amyloid (Aß) has been proposed as a pivotal event in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Possible mechanisms underlying Aß-induced neuronal cytotoxicity include oxidative stress and apoptosis. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been proposed to be involved in the apoptotic mechanism of Aß-induced cytotoxicity. Ginsenoside Rb1 (GRb1), which is among the key compounds of ginsenoside, found in ginseng, may be a potent scavenger of ROS. To examine the potential protective effect of GRb1 in Aß25-35-induced cytotoxicity, cells were pre-treated with GRb1 for 24 h, and then Aß25-35 was added to the medium for an additional 24 h. Exposure to Aß led to the accumulation of ROS and lipid peroxidation, eventually causing a decrease in the Bcl-2/Bax ratio, caspase-3 activation, cell apoptosis and cell death. Pre-treatment with GRb1 not only inhibited Aß-induced ROS overproduction and lipid peroxidation, but also increased the Bcl-2/Bax ratio and attenuated caspase-3 activation, thereby improving cell survival. GRb1 may therefore act as a ROS scavenger, and such antioxidant properties may play a protective role against Aß-induced cell injury. Further exploration of GRb1 antioxidant properties may provide novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.