Background: The incidence of cutaneous melanoma continues to rise rapidly and has an extremely poor prognosis. Immunotherapy strategies are the most effective approach for patients who have developed metastases, but not all cases have been successful due to the complex and variable mechanisms of melanoma response to immune checkpoint inhibition. Methods: We synthesized collagen-coding gene expression data (second-generation and single-cell sequencing) from public Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databases. Bioinformatics analysis was performed using R software and several database resources such as Metascape database, Gene Set Cancer Analysis (GSCA) database, and Cytoscape software, etc., to investigate the biological mechanisms that may be related with collagens. Immunofluorescence and immunohistochemical staining were used to validate the expression and localization of Nidogen-2 (NID2). Results: Melanoma patients can be divided into two collagen clusters. Patients with high collagen levels (C1) had a shorter survival than those with low collagen levels (C2) and were less likely to benefit from immunotherapy. We demonstrated that NID2 is a potential key factor in the collagen phenotype, is involved in fibroblast activation in melanoma, and forms a barrier to limit the proximity of CD8+ T cells to tumor cells. Conclusion: We clarified the adverse effects of collagen on melanoma patients and identified NID2 as a potential therapeutic target.
Hydrogen fluoride(HF) is one of the important character gases for fault diagnosis of gas insulation switch (GIS) in the system of substation equipment. The high-accuracy, fast- response and real-time detection method of HF is a focus in industrial and environmental fields. In this research, the HF detection experiment system was set up at first based on laser absorption spectroscopy technology combined with anti-corrosion multiple reflection cell made by monel steel. Moreover, the laser absorption spectral characteristics of HF at different temperature were analyzed, then the coefficient partition function curve and absorption linestrength curve according to the distribution function coefficient in HITRAN database were studied. As the most important work, the concentration inversion algorithm was designed here with HF character spectrum analysis and temperature parameter correction method for accurate concentration inversion after the basic study. At last, the continuous experimental results were obtained by HF sample gases of different concentration considerating the temperature characteristic of the multiple reflection cell. When the multiple reflection cell was heat and stay stably, the biggest detection error of concentration inversion was 5.33% and 5.87% at 313 and 323 K respectively without temperature correction, and that was 1.20% and 1.47% respectively after temperature correction. By continuous detection and culculation, the detection limit is 8.7×10-5 mmol·mol-1 at 323 K which is a little higher than 6.3×10-5 mmol·mol-1 at 290 K(20 m optical length). Although the detection error with temperature correction at high temperature was higher than it at room temperature, the results show that it was lower than that without correction at the same temperature. It was verified that the this spectrum detection method and concentration inversion algorithm works stably and reliably, so this technology could realize HF real-time monitoring demand in chemical production field and it will provide the effective technical support in gas emission regulation in safety and environment protection for our country.
It needs on-line monitoring of ammonia concentration on dairy feedlot to disclose ammonia emissions characteristics accurately for reducing ammonia emissions and improving the ecological environment. The on-line monitoring system for ammonia concentration has been designed based on Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy (TDLAS) technology combining with long open-path technology, then the study has been carried out with inverse dispersion technique and the system. The ammonia concentration in-situ has been detected and ammonia emission rules have been analyzed on a dairy feedlot in Baoding in autumn and winter of 2013. The monitoring indicated that the peak of ammonia concentration was 6.11 x 10(-6) in autumn, and that was 6.56 x 10(-6) in winter. The concentration results show that the variation of ammonia concentration had an obvious diurnal periodicity, and the general characteristic of diurnal variation was that the concentration was low in the daytime and was high at night. The ammonia emissions characteristic was obtained with inverse dispersion model that the peak of ammonia emissions velocity appeared at noon. The emission velocity was from 1.48 kg/head/hr to 130.6 kg/head/hr in autumn, and it was from 0.004 5 kg/head/hr to 43.32 kg/head/hr in winter which was lower than that in autumn. The results demonstrated ammonia emissions had certain seasonal differences in dairy feedlot scale. In conclusion, the ammonia concentration was detected with optical technology, and the ammonia emissions results were acquired by inverse dispersion model analysis with large range, high sensitivity, quick response without gas sampling. Thus, it's an effective method for ammonia emissions monitoring in dairy feedlot that provides technical support for scientific breeding.
Air Pollutants/analysis , Ammonia/analysis , Dairying , Spectrum Analysis , Lasers , Models, Theoretical , Seasons
The migration and distribution of dense non-aqueous phase liquid (DNAFL) in subsurtace are attectea ny many factors. We selected PCE as the substitute contaminant, and performed several well-controlled two-dimensional sandbox experiments to investigate the effect of flow velocity on DNAPL infiltration and redistribution. Light transmission method (LTM) was used to monitor the transport process of DNAPL in the sandbox and quantitatively measure DNAPL saturation. The spatial moments based on measured DNAPL saturation were used to describe the average spatial behavior of DNAPL plume at various times. Experimental results showed a strong correlation between results obtained by LTM and the known amounts of DNAPL added into the sandbox (R2 >0.98). The LTM accurately reflected the infiltration and redistribution processes. The results of DNAPL saturation and first moment (mass center) showed that the increased velocity promoted not only lateral but also vertical migration, leading to an inclined percolation path. Also vertical migration reacted more sensitive to flow velocity. The second moment (spread variance) showed that the increased velocity promoted lateral and vertical spread, increasing the pollution scope. The histogram of DNAPL saturation showed a unimodal distribution at low flow velocity, but showed a bimodal distribution at lager flow velocity, and the distance between two peaks became higher with the increasing flow velocity.
Environmental Pollution/analysis , Tetrachloroethylene/analysis , Light , Molecular Weight
The present paper analyzed the characteristics of X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) of metal element lead in soil using the NITON XLt793 portable X-ray fluorescence spectra of heavy metal analyzer under laboratory conditions. The characteristic spectral lines of L(alpha) (energy: 10. 55 keV) and L(beta) (energy: 12. 61 keV) with different matrix elements were selected respectively for lead in the experiment. By measuring the intensities of the characteristic spectral line with different Pb concentration, the results demonstrate that the relation between concentration [mass fraction 10 x 10(-6) - 1 800 x 10(-6)] of Pb element and the intensity of the characteristic spectrum is well linear. The calibration curve of Pb was plotted based on the different concentration measurement results, and the limit of detection of 7.89 x 10(-6) was obtained for Pb in soil.
