Discovery of Benzothiazol-2-ylthiophenylpyrazole-4-carboxamides as Novel Succinate Dehydrogenase Inhibitors.

Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) has been considered an ideal target for discovering fungicides. To develop novel SDH inhibitors, in this work, 31 novel benzothiazol-2-ylthiophenylpyrazole-4-carboxamides were designed and synthesized using active fragment exchange and a link approach as promising SDH inhibitors. The findings from the tests on antifungal activity indicated that most of the synthesized compounds displayed remarkable inhibition against the fungi tested. Compound Ig N-(2-(((5-chlorobenzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)thio)methyl)phenyl)-3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-1H-yrazole-4-carboxamide, with EC50 values against four kinds of fungi tested below 10 µg/mL and against Cercospora arachidicola even below 2 µg/mL, showed superior antifungal activity than that of commercial fungicide thifluzamide, and specifically compounds Ig and Im were found to show preventative potency of 90.6% and 81.3% against Rhizoctonia solani Kühn, respectively, similar to the positive fungicide thifluzamide. The molecular simulation studies suggested that hydrophobic interactions were the main driving forces between ligands and SDH. Encouragingly, we found that compound Ig can effectively promote the wheat seedlings and the growth of Arabidopsis thaliana. Our further studies indicated that compound Ig could stimulate nitrate reductase activity in planta and increase the biomass of plants.

Center-level variation in hospitalization costs of pancreaticoduodenectomy for pancreatic cancer.

BACKGROUND: Pancreaticoduodenectomy is a highly morbid operation with significant resource utilization. Using a national cohort, we examined the interhospital variation in pancreaticoduodenectomy hospitalization cost in the United States. METHODS: Adults undergoing elective pancreaticoduodenectomy in the setting of pancreatic cancer were tabulated from the 2016-2020 Nationwide Readmissions Database. A 2-level mixed-effects model was developed to evaluate the interhospital variation in pancreaticoduodenectomy hospitalization costs. Institutions within the top decile of risk-adjusted expenditures were defined as high-cost hospitals. Multivariable regression models were fitted to examine the association between high-cost hospital status and outcomes of interest. To account for the effects of complications on expenditures, a subgroup analysis comprising of patients with no adverse events was conducted. RESULTS: The study included an estimated 24,779 patients with a median hospitalization cost of $38,800. After mixed-effects modeling, 40.9% of the cost variation was attributable to hospital, rather than patient, factors. Multivariable regression models revealed an association between high-cost hospital status and greater odds of complications and longer length of stay. Among patients without an adverse event, interhospital cost variation remained significant at 61.0%, and treatment at high-cost hospitals was similarly linked to longer length of stay. CONCLUSION: Our study identified significant interhospital variation in pancreaticoduodenectomy hospitalization costs in the United States. Although high-cost hospital status was associated with increased odds of complications, variation remained significant even among patients without an adverse event. These results suggest the important role of hospital practices as contributors to expenditures. Further efforts to identify drivers of costs and standardize pancreatic surgical care are warranted.

Identification of the cytochrome P450 gene AccCYP6A13 in Apis cerana cerana and its response to environmental stress.

Cytochrome P450 plays a crucial role in regulating insect growth, development, and resisting a variety of stresses. Insect metamorphosis and response to external stress are altered by deleting CYP450 genes. In this study, we identified and analyzed a novel gene of CYP450 family, AccCYP6A13, from Apis cerana cerana, and explored its role in the response of Apis cerana cerana to adverse external stressors. It was found that the expression of AccCYP6A13 was spatiotemporal specificity. The expression level increased with age and reached its highest value in the adult stage. The primarily expressiong location were legs, brain, and epidermis of honeybees. Stress conditions can affect the expression of AccCYP6A13 depending on treatment times. RNA interference experiments have shown that knocking down AccCYP6A13 reduces antioxidant activity and deactivates detoxification enzymes, resulting in oxidative damage accumulation and a decline in detoxification capability in bees, as well as inhibiting numerous antioxidant genes. Additionally, knockdown of the AccCYP6A13 gene in Apis cerana cerana resulted in increased sensitivity to pesticides and increased mortality when treated with neonicotinoid pesticides such as thiamethoxam. AccCYP6A13 overexpression in a prokaryotic system further confirmed its role in resistance to oxidative stress. To summarize, AccCYP6A13 may play an essential role in the normal development and response to environmental stress in Apis cerana cerana. Furthermore, this study contributed to the theoretical understanding of bee resistance biology.

A novel host restriction factor MRPS6 mediates the inhibition of PDCoV infection in HIEC-6 cells.

Introduction: Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is a zoonotic pathogen with a global distribution, capable of infecting both pigs and humans. To mitigate the risk of cross-species transmission and potential outbreaks, it is crucial to characterize novel antiviral genes, particularly those from human hosts. Methods: This research used HIEC-6 to investigate PDCoV infection. HIEC-6 cells were infected with PDCoV. Samples were collected 48 h postinfection for proteomic analysis. Results: We discovered differential expression of MRPS6 gene at 48 h postinfection with PDCoV in HIEC-6 cells. The gene expression initially increased but then decreased. To further explore the role of MRPS6 in PDCoV infection, we conducted experiments involving the overexpression and knockdown of this gene in HIEC-6 and Caco2 cells, respectively. Our findings revealed that overexpression of MRPS6 significantly inhibited PDCoV infection in HIEC-6 cells, while knockdown of MRPS6 in Caco2 cells led to a significant increase of virus titer. Furthermore, we investigated the correlation between PDCoV infection and the expression of MRPS6. Subsequent investigations demonstrated that MRPS6 exerted an augmentative effect on the production of IFN-ß through interferon pathway activation, consequently impeding the progression of PDCoV infection in cellular systems. In conclusion, this study utilized proteomic analysis to investigate the differential protein expression in PDCoV-infected HIEC-6 cells, providing evidence for the first time that the MRPS6 gene plays a restrictive role in PDCoV virus infection. Discussion: Our findings initially provide the validation of MRPS6 as an upstream component of IFN-ß pathway, in the promotion of IRF3, IRF7, STAT1, STAT2 and IFN-ß production of HIEC-6 via dual-activation from interferon pathway.

Dynamic Covalent Hydrogel as a Single-Dose Vaccine Adjuvant for Sustained Antigen Release and Significantly Elevated Humoral Immunity.

Vaccine is the most important way for fighting against infection diseases. However, multiple injections and unsatisfied immune responses are the main obstacles for current vaccine application. Herein, a dynamic covalent hydrogel (DCH) is used as a single-dose vaccine adjuvant for eliciting robust and sustained humoral immunity. By adjusting the mass ratio of the DCH gel, 10-30 d constant release of the loaded recombinant protein antigens is successfully realized, and it is proved that sustained release of antigens can significantly improve the vaccine efficacy. When loading SARS-CoV-2 RBD (Wuhan and Omicron BA.1 strains) antigens into this DCH gel, an over 32 000 times and 8000 times improvement is observed in antigen-specific antibody titers compared to conventional Aluminum adjuvanted vaccines. The universality of this DCH gel adjuvant is confirmed in a Nipah G antigen test as well as a H1N1 influenza virus antigen test, with much improved protection of C57BL/6 mice against H1N1 virus infection than conventional Aluminum adjuvanted vaccines. This sustainably released, single-dose DCH gel adjuvant provides a new promising option for designing next-generation infection vaccines.

Complex Droplet Microreactor for Highly Efficient and Controllable Esterification and Cascade Reactions.

A highly efficient complex emulsion microreactor has been successfully developed for multiphasic water-labile reactions, providing a powerful platform for atom economy and spatiotemporal control of reaction kinetics. Complex emulsions, composing a hydrocarbon phase (H) and a fluorocarbon phase (F) dispersed in an aqueous phase (W), are fabricated in batch scale with precisely controlled droplet morphologies. A biphasic esterification reaction between 2-bromo-1,2-diphenylethane-1-ol (BPO) and perfluoro-heptanoic acid (PFHA) is chosen as a reversible and water-labile reaction model. The conversion reaches up to 100 % under mild temperature without agitation, even with nearly equivalent amounts of reactants. This efficiency surpasses all reported single emulsion microreactors, i. e., 84~95 %, stabilized by various emulsifiers with different catalysts, which typically necessitate continuous stirring, a high excess of one reactant, and/or extended reaction time. Furthermore, over 3 times regulation threshold in conversion rate is attained by manipulating the droplet morphologies, including size and topology, e. g., transition from completely engulfed F/H/W double to partially engulfed (F+H)/W Janus. Addition-esterification, serving as a model for triple phasic cascade reaction, is also successfully implemented under agitating-free and mild temperature with controlled reaction kinetics, demonstrating the versatility and effectiveness of the complex emulsion microreactor.

Association of substance-use disorder with outcomes of major elective abdominal operations: A contemporary national analysis.

Background: Affecting >20million people in the U.S., including 4 % of all hospitalized patients, substance use disorder (SUD) represents a growing public health crisis. Evaluating a national cohort, we aimed to characterize the association of concurrent SUD with perioperative outcomes and resource utilization following elective abdominal operations. Methods: All adult hospitalizations entailing elective colectomy, gastrectomy, esophagectomy, hepatectomy, and pancreatectomy were tabulated from the 2016-2020 National Inpatient Sample. Patients with concurrent substance use disorder, comprising alcohol, opioid, marijuana, sedative, cocaine, inhalant, hallucinogen, or other psychoactive/stimulant use, were considered the SUD cohort (others: nSUD). Multivariable regression models were constructed to evaluate the independent association between SUD and key outcomes. Results: Of ∼1,088,145 patients, 32,865 (3.0 %) comprised the SUD cohort. On average, SUD patients were younger, more commonly male, of lowest quartile income, and of Black race. SUD patients less frequently underwent colectomy, but more often pancreatectomy, relative to nSUD.Following risk adjustment and with nSUD as reference, SUD demonstrated similar likelihood of in-hospital mortality, but remained associated with increased odds of any perioperative complication (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR] 1.17, CI 1.09-1.25). Further, SUD was linked with incremental increases in adjusted length of stay (ß + 0.90 days, CI +0.68-1.12) and costs (ß + $3630, CI +2650-4610), as well as greater likelihood of non-home discharge (AOR 1.54, CI 1.40-1.70). Conclusions: Concurrent substance use disorder was associated with increased complications, resource utilization, and non-home discharge following major elective abdominal operations. Novel interventions are warranted to address increased risk among this vulnerable population and address significant disparities in postoperative outcomes.

Income-Based Disparities in Outcomes Following Pediatric Appendectomy: A National Analysis.

BACKGROUND: Appendectomy remains a common pediatric surgical procedure with an estimated 80,000 operations performed each year. While prior work has reported the existence of racial disparities in postoperative outcomes, we sought to characterize potential income-based inequalities using a national cohort. METHODS: All non-elective pediatric (<18 years) hospitalizations for appendectomy were tabulated in the 2016-2020 National Inpatient Sample. Only those in the highest (HI) and lowest income (LI) quartiles were considered for analysis. Multivariable regression models were developed to assess the independent association of income and postoperative major adverse events (MAE). RESULTS: Of an estimated 87,830 patients, 36,845 (42.0%) were HI and 50,985 (58.0%) were LI. On average, LI patients were younger (11 [7-14] vs 12 [8-15] years, P < .001), more frequently insured by Medicaid (70.7 vs 27.3%, P < .05), and more commonly of Hispanic ethnicity (50.8 vs 23.4%, P < .001). Following risk adjustment, the LI cohort was associated with greater odds of MAE (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1.30 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.06-1.64). Specifically, low-income status was linked with increased odds of infectious (AOR 1.65, 95% CI 1.12-2.42) and respiratory (AOR 1.67, 95% CI 1.06-2.62) complications. Further, LI was associated with a $1670 decrement in costs ([2220-$1120]) and a +.32-day increase in duration of stay (95% CI [.21-.44]). CONCLUSION: Pediatric patients of the lowest income quartile faced increased risk of major adverse events following appendectomy compared to those of highest income. Novel risk stratification methods and standardized care pathways are needed to ameliorate socioeconomic disparities in postoperative outcomes.

Interhospital Transfer for Emergency General Surgery: A Contemporary National Analysis.

BACKGROUND: Patients undergoing emergency general surgery (EGS) often require complex management and transfer to higher acuity facilities, especially given increasing national efforts aimed at centralizing care. We sought to characterize factors and evaluate outcomes associated with interhospital transfer using a contemporary national cohort. METHODS: All adult hospitalizations for EGS (appendectomy, cholecystectomy, laparotomy, lysis of adhesions, small/large bowel resection, and perforated ulcer repair) ≤2 days of admission were identified in the 2016-2020 National Inpatient Sample. Patients initially admitted to a different institution and transferred to the operating hospital comprised the Transfer cohort (others: Non-Transfer). Multivariable models were developed to consider the association of Transfer with outcomes of interest. RESULTS: Of ∼1 653 169 patients, 107 945 (6.5%) were considered the Transfer cohort. The proportion of patients experiencing interhospital transfer increased from 5.2% to 7.7% (2016-2020, P < .001). On average, Transfer was older, more commonly of White race, and of a higher Elixhauser comorbidity index. After adjustment, increasing age, living in a rural area, receiving care in the Midwest, and decreasing income quartile were associated with greater odds of interhospital transfer. Following risk adjustment, Transfer remained linked with increased odds of in-hospital mortality (AOR 1.64, CI 1.49-1.80), as well as any perioperative complication (AOR 1.33, CI 1.27-1.38; Reference: Non-Transfer). Additionally, Transfer was associated with significantly longer duration of hospitalization (ß + 1.04 days, CI + .91-1.17) and greater costs (ß+$3,490, CI + 2840-4140). DISCUSSION: While incidence of interhospital transfer for EGS is increasing, transfer patients face greater morbidity and resource utilization. Novel interventions are needed to optimize patient selection and improve post-transfer outcomes.

Transcriptomic Analysis of PDCoV-Infected HIEC-6 Cells and Enrichment Pathways PI3K-Akt and P38 MAPK.

Porcine Deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is a newly identified coronavirus that causes severe intestinal lesions in piglets. However, the understanding of how PDCoV interacts with human hosts is limited. In this study, we aimed to investigate the interactions between PDCoV and human intestinal cells (HIEC-6) by analyzing the transcriptome at different time points post-infection (12 h, 24 h, 48 h). Differential gene analysis revealed a total of 3560, 5193, and 4147 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at 12 h, 24 h, and 48 h, respectively. The common genes among the DEGs at all three time points were enriched in biological processes related to cytokine production, extracellular matrix, and cytokine activity. KEGG pathway analysis showed enrichment of genes involved in the p53 signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, and TNF signaling pathway. Further analysis of highly expressed genes among the DEGs identified significant changes in the expression levels of BUB1, DDIT4, ATF3, GBP2, and IRF1. Comparison of transcriptome data at 24 h with other time points revealed 298 DEGs out of a total of 6276 genes. KEGG analysis of these DEGs showed significant enrichment of pathways related to viral infection, specifically the PI3K-Akt and P38 MAPK pathways. Furthermore, the genes EFNA1 and KITLG, which are associated with viral infection, were found in both enriched pathways, suggesting their potential as therapeutic or preventive targets for PDCoV infection. The enhancement of PDCoV infection in HIEC-6 was observed upon inhibition of the PI3K-Akt and P38 MAPK signaling pathways using sophoridine. Overall, these findings contribute to our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying PDCoV infection in HIEC-6 cells and provide insights for developing preventive and therapeutic strategies against PDCoV infection.

Current Status of Contralateral Prophylactic Mastectomy: Investigating Structural Racial Disparity.

BACKGROUND: Contralateral prophylactic mastectomy (CPM) remains a personal decision, influenced by psychosocial factors, including cosmesis and peace of mind. Although use of CPM is disproportionately low among Black patients, the degree to which these disparities are driven by patient- vs hospital-level factors remains unknown. STUDY DESIGN: Patients undergoing mastectomy for nonmetastatic ductal or lobular breast cancer were tabulated using the National Cancer Database from 2004 to 2020. The primary endpoint was receipt of CPM. Multivariable logistic regression models were constructed with interaction terms between Black-serving hospital (BSH) status and patient race to evaluate associations with CPM. Cox proportional hazard models were used to evaluate long-term survival. RESULTS: Of 597,845 women studied, 70,911 (11.9%) were Black. After multivariable adjustment, Black race (adjusted odds ratio 0.65, 95% CI 0.64 to 0.67) and treatment at BSH (adjusted odds ratio 0.84, 95% CI 0.83 to 0.85) were independently linked to lower odds of CPM. Although predicted probability of CPM was universally lower at higher BSH, Black patients faced a steeper reduction compared with White patients. Receipt of CPM was linked to improved survival (hazard ratio [HR] 0.84, 95% CI 0.83 to 0.86), whereas Black race was associated with a greater HR of 10-year mortality (HR 1.14, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.17). CONCLUSIONS: Hospitals serving a greater proportion of Black patients are less likely to use CPM, suggestive of disparities in access to CPM at the institutional level. Further research and education are needed to characterize surgeon-specific and institutional practices in patient counseling and shared decision-making that shape disparities in access to CPM.

Psyllium Fibre Inclusion in Gluten-Free Buckwheat Dough Improves Dough Structure and Lowers Glycaemic Index of the Resulting Bread.

The demand for gluten-free (GF) bread is steadily increasing. However, the production of GF bread with improved baking quality and enhanced nutritional properties remains a challenge. In this study, we investigated the effects of adding psyllium fibre (PSY) in varying proportions to buckwheat flour on the dough characteristics, bread quality, and starch digestion properties of GF bread. Our results demonstrate that incorporating PSY contributes to the formation of a gluten-like network structure in the dough, leading to an increase in the gas holding capacity from 83.67% to 98.50%. The addition of PSY significantly increased the specific volume of the bread from 1.17 mL/g to 3.16 mL/g. Bread containing PSY displayed superior textural characteristics and colour. Our study also revealed that the inclusion of PSY reduced the digestibility of starch in GF bread. These findings highlight the positive impact of incorporating PSY into GF bread, suggesting its potential in guiding the production of GF bread with a lower glycaemic index. This may be particularly beneficial for individuals seeking to regulate their blood sugar levels or adopt a low-glycaemic diet.

Metabolomics analysis of okara probiotic beverages fermented with Lactobacillus gasseri and Limosilactobacillus fermentum by LC-QTOF-MS/MS.

In this study, okara was fermented with probiotic strains Lactobacillus gasseri LAC 343 and Limosilactobacillus fermentum PCC, respectively. Significant increases in cell count (by 2.22 log CFU/mL for LAC and 0.82 log CFU/mL for PCC) and significant decreases in pH (by 1.31 for LAC and 1.03 for PCC) were found in fermented okara slurry. In addition, strain LAC tended to produce amino acids, while strain PCC depleted most amino acids. An untargeted metabolomic-based approach using liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry was used to further understand the compositional changes and potential health benefits by identifying bioactive metabolites in fermented okara slurry. We successfully identified various beneficial bioactive compounds including γ-aminobutyric acid, indolelactic acid, d-phenyllactic acid, and p-hydroxyphenyllactic acid which had differences in fold-changes in okara slurry fermented with different strains. Our study indicated the feasibility of using probiotics to ferment okara for novel functional food development.

Reliability and validity of the cancer-related dysfunctional beliefs and attitudes about sleep scale in cancer patients.

BACKGROUND: Insomnia is a common health problem among cancer patients, which is not only a physical problem but also a psychological problem. Sleep plays an important role in the mental and somatic rehabilitation of cancer patients, and the sleep beliefs and attitudes of cancer patients are key factors in improving their sleep situation and quality of life. The aim of this study was to translate the Cancer-Related Dysfunctional Beliefs and Attitudes about Sleep (C-DBAS-14) scale into Chinese and to validate its reliability and validity in cancer patients. METHOD: The C-DBAS-14 scale was translated into Chinese using the backward and forward translation procedure. The reliability of the scale was measured by internal consistency, split-half reliability and retest reliability. The validity of the scale was assessed through the content validity indicators, exploratory factor analysis and validation factor analysis. RESULT: The Cronbach's ɑ coefficient of the Chinese version of the C-DBAS-14 was 0.932 while the McDonald's omega coefficient (ω t) was 0.934. The split-half reliability coefficient was 0.908, and the test-retest reliability was 0.857. The four-factor model was obtained using exploratory factor analysis, explaining 72.7% of the variance, with each item loading greater than 0.4 on the common factor. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis revealed that all indicators of model fit were within an acceptable range, indicating a well-fitting model. CONCLUSION: The Chinese version of the C-DBAS-14 has good reliability and validity among cancer patients. It can be used to measure the sleep beliefs and attitudes of Chinese cancer patients.

Aptamer-Based fluorescent DNA biosensor in antibiotics detection.

The inappropriate employment of antibiotics across diverse industries has engendered profound apprehensions concerning their cumulative presence within human bodies and food commodities. Consequently, many nations have instituted stringent measures limiting the admissible quantities of antibiotics in food items. Nonetheless, conventional techniques employed for antibiotic detection prove protracted and laborious, prompting a dire necessity for facile, expeditious, and uncomplicated detection methodologies. In this regard, aptamer-based fluorescent DNA biosensors (AFBs) have emerged as a sanguine panacea to surmount the limitations of traditional detection modalities. These ingenious biosensors harness the binding prowess of aptamers, singular strands of DNA/RNA, to selectively adhere to specific target antibiotics. Notably, the AFBs demonstrate unparalleled selectivity, affinity, and sensitivity in detecting antibiotics. This comprehensive review meticulously expounds upon the strides achieved in AFBs for antibiotic detection, particularly emphasizing the labeling modality and the innovative free-label approach. It also elucidates the design principles behind a diverse array of AFBs. Additionally, a succinct survey of signal amplification strategies deployed within these biosensors is provided. The central objective of this review is to apprise researchers from diverse disciplines of the contemporary trends in AFBs for antibiotic detection. By doing so, it aspires to instigate a concerted endeavor toward the development of heightened sensitivity and pioneering AFBs, thereby contributing to the perpetual advancement of antibiotic detection methodologies.

Structure and elasticity of CaC2O5 suggests carbonate contribution to the seismic anomalies of Earth's mantle.

Knowledge of carbonate compounds under high pressure inside Earth is key to understanding the internal structure of the Earth, the deep carbon cycle and major geological events. Here we use first-principles simulations to calculate the structure and elasticity of CaC2O5-minerals with different symmetries under high pressure. Our calculations show that CaC2O5-minerals represent a group of low-density low-seismic-wave velocity mantle minerals. Changes in seismic wave velocity caused by the phase transformation of CaC2O5-Cc to CaC2O5-I[Formula: see text]2d (CaC2O5-C2-l) agree with wave velocity discontinuity at a depth of 660 km in the mantle transition zone. Moreover, when CaC2O5-Fdd2 transforms into CaC2O5-C2 under 70 GPa, its shear wave velocity decreases by 7.4%, and its density increases by 5.8%, which is consistent with the characteristics of large low-shear-velocity provinces (LLSVPs). Furthermore, the shear wave velocity of CaC2O5-I[Formula: see text]2d is very similar to that of cubic Ca-perovskite, which is one of the main constituents of the previously detected LLSVPs. Therefore, we propose that CaC2O5 and its high-pressure polymorphs may be a main component of LLSVPs.

Prognostic Value of 18F-FDG PET/CT Radiomics in Extranodal Nasal-Type NK/T Cell Lymphoma.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prognostic utility of radiomics features extracted from 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT combined with clinical factors and metabolic parameters in predicting progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in individuals diagnosed with extranodal nasal-type NK/T cell lymphoma (ENKTCL). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 126 adults with ENKTCL who underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT examination before treatment were retrospectively included and randomly divided into training (n = 88) and validation cohorts (n = 38) at a ratio of 7:3. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operation Cox regression analysis was used to select the best radiomics features and calculate each patient's radiomics scores (RadPFS and RadOS). Kaplan-Meier curve and Log-rank test were used to compare survival between patient groups risk-stratified by the radiomics scores. Various models to predict PFS and OS were constructed, including clinical, metabolic, clinical + metabolic, and clinical + metabolic + radiomics models. The discriminative ability of each model was evaluated using Harrell's C index. The performance of each model in predicting PFS and OS for 1-, 3-, and 5-years was evaluated using the time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. RESULTS: Kaplan-Meier curve analysis demonstrated that the radiomics scores effectively identified high- and low-risk patients (all P < 0.05). Multivariable Cox analysis showed that the Ann Arbor stage, maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), and RadPFS were independent risk factors associated with PFS. Further, ß2-microglobulin, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status score, SUVmax, and RadOS were independent risk factors for OS. The clinical + metabolic + radiomics model exhibited the greatest discriminative ability for both PFS (Harrell's C-index: 0.805 in the validation cohort) and OS (Harrell's C-index: 0.833 in the validation cohort). The time-dependent ROC analysis indicated that the clinical + metabolic + radiomics model had the best predictive performance. CONCLUSION: The PET/CT-based clinical + metabolic + radiomics model can enhance prognostication among patients with ENKTCL and may be a non-invasive and efficient risk stratification tool for clinical practice.

Latent profile analysis of the symptoms of depression and activities of daily living impairment among older adults.

BACKGROUND: With the aging population, depressive symptoms and impaired Activities of Daily Living have increased medical costs and mortality, generating severe public health issues. This study reconsiders the potential classification of depressive symptoms and ADL impairment in older adults and identifies various factors that may affect classifications. METHODS: This study focused on 6270 Chinese adults aged 65 years or older. We used latent profile analysis to explore depressive symptoms and ADL impairment (basic ADLs and instrumental ADLs) in various subgroups of older adults. We used Chi-square analysis and multivariate logistic regression to examine the determinants of depressive symptoms and ADL impairment among subgroups. RESULTS: The study's results classified older adults into three subgroups: those with high level depressive symptoms and BADLs and IADLs impairment, those with moderate level depressive symptoms and IADLs impairment, and those with no to low level depressive symptoms and without BADLs and IADLs impairment. Illiterate, having fallen in the past year, as well as having hearing difficulties all predicted high level depressive symptoms and severe BADLs and IADLs impairment. In contrast, regular exercise, contact with friends, playing cards/mahjong, participating in organized social activities, and visiting siblings predicted moderate level depressive symptoms and IADLs impairment. CONCLUSION: This paper discusses what is known about the various subgroups as well as the treatment of depressive symptoms and ADL impairment in older populations. It also gives policy and practice recommendations for the future that may help rehabilitate and maintain the mental health and ADLs independence of older adults. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Latent class analysis of symptoms of depression and anxiety among older women.

OBJECTIVES: This cross-sectional study aims to consider the potential classification of depression and anxiety symptoms among older women, and identify the influencing factors of this classification. METHODS: This study examines Chinese women aged 65 years and older. Latent class analysis was used to explore the mental health subgroups of older women, and multivariate logistic regression was employed to examine the influencing factors based on the health ecological model among these subgroups. RESULTS: The results helped classify this population under three subgroups: the coexistence of depression and anxiety group, dominated depression group, and the low symptoms group. Moreover, class differences in terms of age, residence, education, income, assessment of current life and health status, sleep duration, and health behaviors, such as alcohol use and exercise were noted. CONCLUSIONS: These findings explain the heterogeneity among older women, and help illuminate their unique aspects of mental health. Accordingly, they are significant for scholars and policymakers to understand depression and anxiety among older women.

Overexpression of SlCRF6 in tomato inhibits leaf development and affects plant morphology.

Cytokinin response factors (CRFs) are transcription factors (TFs) that are specific to plants and have diverse functions in plant growth and stress responses. However, the precise roles of CRFs in regulating tomato plant architecture and leaf development have not been comprehensively investigated. Here, we identified a novel CRF, SlCRF6, which is involved in the regulation of plant growth via the gibberellin (GA) signaling pathway. SlCRF6-overexpressing (SlCRF6-OE) plants displayed pleiotropic phenotypic changes, including reduced internode length and leaf size, which caused dwarfism in tomato plants. This dwarfism could be alleviated by application of exogenous GA3. Remarkably, quantitative real-time PCR (qRTPCR), a dual luciferase reporter assay and a yeast one-hybrid (Y1H) assay revealed that SlCRF6 promoted the expression of SlDELLA (a GA signal transduction inhibitor) in vivo. Furthermore, transgenic plants displayed variegated leaves and diminished chlorophyll content, resulting in decreased photosynthetic efficiency and less starch than in wild-type (WT) plants. The results of transient expression assays and Y1H assays indicated that SlCRF6 suppressed the expression of SlPHAN (leaf morphology-related gene). Collectively, these findings suggest that SlCRF6 plays a crucial role in regulating tomato plant morphology, leaf development, and the accumulation of photosynthetic products.