Relationship between Nutrition and Development of the Jaws in Children: A Pilot Study.

Craniofacial growth and development have been shown to be influenced by various environmental factors that impact child development. This study aims to analyze the different patterns of feeding during early childhood, starting from birth, and assess the variability of nutrition during the first stage of childhood, along with the habits developed, to study their impact on jaw development. The study was conducted on a sample of twenty-five patients aged 3 to 5, following approval from the ethics committee of the Catholic University of Valencia. Informed consent was obtained from the fathers, mothers, and/or legal guardians, who were administered surveys on habits and diet. Cephalometric measurements within the parameters of ideal occlusion were subsequently taken. While previous studies examined this subject, the findings are challenging to evaluate. However, this study identified significant associations (p = 0.001) between clinical measurements and children's eating habits. The growth and development of the craniofacial cavity are influenced by multiple factors, including a child's diet and habits. Nonetheless, further research is required to determine whether diet can be considered a determining factor in proper jaw growth.

Upper airway changes after rapid maxillary expansion: three-dimensional analyses.

The objective of this study was to evaluate volumetric changes in the upper airway using Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) in orthodontic patients with maxillary transversal hypoplasia undergoing maxillary disjunction. The influence of factors such as sex, age, and growth pattern on airway volumetric changes was also assessed. The sample consisted of 50 growing patients from the dental clinic of Cardenal Herrera CEU University of Valencia. Airway volume was measured in mm3 before treatment (T0) and after palatal disjunction (T1). The final sample included 37 subjects in the treatment group and 13 in the control group. The volume gained exclusively from the disjunction treatment was determined to differentiate it from natural growth. The control group showed a mean volume increase from 10,911.3 ± 1,249.6 mm3 to 13,168.9 ± 1,789.7 mm3, representing a mean increase of 2,257.6 mm3 or + 20.9%. The treatment group exhibited an increase from 14,126.3 ± 4,399.8 mm3 at T0 to 18,064.1 ± 4,565.9 mm3 at T1, corresponding to a gain of 3,937.8 mm3 or + 31.8%. Significant differences in airway volume were observed after palatal disjunction compared to the control group. The expansion of the maxilla led to a significant increase in airway volume in the treated patients, estimated at 5,183 mm3 (+ 41.5%).

Management of Hypoplastic or Hypomineralized Defects with Resin Infiltration at Pediatric Ages: Systematic Review.

Hypoplastic or hypomineralized enamel defects represent a recurrent reason for consultation within the pediatric population, causing great discomfort due to their aesthetic appearance, as well as their functional limitations. Current conservative dentistry requires minimally invasive treatments in order to treat such defects and provide successful, definitive solutions. A systematic review of the literature has been carried out in accordance with the PRISMA recommendations. A search was carried out in the PubMed, Scopus, SciELO and Web of Science databases, completed with a manual search. The following variables were extracted from the selected studies: author, year, publication journal, type of study, sample, age of the participants and the materials used for its development. From the initial electronic search of the four databases, 282 articles were identified: 34 from PubMed, 240 from Scopus, 0 from SciELO and 8 from Web of Science. After eliminating duplicate articles, a total of 225 remained. After reading the title and abstract, 158 articles were eliminated, leaving 68. Upon reading the full text, the remaining studies were eliminated for not answering the research question or the inclusion criteria, leaving a total of 13 articles. Finally, 12 articles were used to carry out the systematic review. Treatments performed to date with the ICON™ system in pediatric patients have shown good results after their application. Since the variability of diagnostic methods has been observed, new diagnostic and assessment protocols should be created after treatment to objectify their effect on hypoplastic or hypomineralized enamel defects. In the same way, it has been described that treatment provides better results if combined with other opalustre-type or remineralizing materials. This review is registered in PROSPERO with the number CRD42021288738.

Association between the Severity of Dental Caries and the Degree of Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet in the Pediatric Population.

Children who show better eating practices are less likely to suffer from severe caries than those who eat a diet rich in sugars. In the present study, we aimed to establish the relationship between the severity of dental caries and adherence to the Mediterranean diet. A cross-sectional study was carried out in which 263 children aged 2 to 14 years old were examined intraorally to analyze the presence and severity of caries. Children's parents/caregivers completed the KIDMED questionnaire to determine their degree of adherence to the Mediterranean diet. The results showed that the prevalence of caries is greater than 80% in children with medium or low adherence to the Mediterranean diet, and remains significant at 67% in the high adherence group (p = 0.010). A statistically significant negative correlation of weak magnitude (r = −0.29; p < 0.001) was found between adherence and the number of carious teeth. Caries severity in the first molars is also influenced by adherence to the diet in a statistically significant way. In conclusion, there is an association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and the prevalence, extension, and severity of caries in the pediatric population.

A Novel Mathematical Method to Diagnose the Transverse Growth Deficit of the Nasomaxillary Complex.

The diagnosis of transverse growth deficit of the maxilla in daily clinical practice is carried out mainly through the experience of a well-trained clinician, which implies a lack of objective criteria applicable in a protocolized manner. The objective of this study was to establish a mathematical method to diagnose maxillary compression in relation to the dimensions of the skull and mandible. Methods: Records of 97 cases with an overall mean age of 9.8 ± 2.6 years were analyzed by three experienced orthodontists. The group of transverse compression was comprised of 62 cases and the control group of 35 cases. The main measurements of the widths were made on a frontal teleradiography of the skull (cranial, zygomatic, orbital, maxillary, bigonial and biantegonial width) and a lateral teleradiography of the skull (facial axis, mandibular plane, SNA, SNB, ANB and Wits). It was established that from the cranial width it is possible to predict the group to which each subject studied belongs-the compression group or the control group. A mathematical formula was obtained in the form of logistic regression that allows for the diagnosis of the presence of maxillary compression based on the cranial, maxillary and orbital widths with a sensitivity of 88.7% and a specificity of 77.1%.

[Association between eating behavior pattern and caries in a population of children aged 3 to 9 years in the province of Alicante]. / Asociación entre el patrón de conducta alimentaria y la caries en una población de niños de 3 a 9 años de la provincia de Alicante.

INTRODUCTION: Introduction: dental caries is the most common contagious infectious disease of childhood. Much has been studied about the effect of a healthy diet on oral health, but little attention has been paid to the importance of eating patterns. Objectives: to establish the relationship between dental caries and eating behavior pattern using the Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire (CEBQ) in a sample of children. Materials and methods: a cross-sectional and descriptive study was carried out by selecting any boy or girl between 3 and 9 years who attended a dental clinic in the province of Alicante (Spain). An oral examination was performed to diagnose caries in children whose parents signed an informed consent. These parents/caregivers were also given the CEBQ to fill out. Results: a total of 276 children with a mean age of 86.5 months were examined. A higher average score was observed in the "food-avoidant" dimension in: "demand for food" and in the "response to satiety". A statistically significant difference was obtained in the mean values of the variables "slow eating" (p = 0.016) and "response to satiety" (p = 0.001) of the groups with and without caries. That is, the time a person spends eating influences the development of caries. Likewise, the ability of a person to be satisfied is also related to caries. Conclusions: the eating behavior pattern of children is a risk factor associated with infant caries.

INTRODUCCIÓN: Introducción: la caries dental es la enfermedad infecciosa contagiosa más común de la infancia. Se ha estudiado mucho sobre el efecto que tiene una dieta saludable en la salud oral, pero no se ha prestado mucha atención a la importancia que tiene el patrón de conducta alimentaria. Objetivos: establecer la relación entre la caries dental y el patrón de conducta alimentaria mediante el cuestionario Child Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (CEBQ) en una muestra de niños. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio transversal y descriptivo seleccionando a cualquier niño o niña de entre 3 y 9 años que acudió a una clínica odontológica de la provincia de Alicante. Se hizo una exploración oral para diagnosticar la caries a los niños cuyos padres firmaron un consentimiento informado. También se les dio a estos padres/cuidadores el CEBQ para cumplimentar. Resultados: en total se examinaron 276 niños con una edad media de 86,5 meses. Se observó una mayor puntuación promedio en la dimensión Antiingesta en: "exigencia frente a los alimentos" y "respuesta a la saciedad". Se obtuvo una diferencia estadísticamente significativa en los valores medios de la variables "lentitud para comer" (p = 0,016) y "respuesta a la saciedad" (p = 0,001) de los grupos con y sin caries. Es decir, el tiempo que dedica una persona a comer influye en la aparición de caries. Asimismo, la capacidad que tiene una persona de saciarse también está relacionada con el desarrollo de caries. Conclusiones: el patrón de conducta alimentaria en los niños es un factor de riesgo asociado a la caries infantil.

Relación entre la caries dental y la adherencia a la dieta mediterránea en niños / Relationship between dental caries and adherence to Mediterranean diet in a population of children

Introducción: La caries dental es una enfermedad infecciosa de origen multifactorial y representa un importante problema de salud a nivel mundial. El objetivo del presente estudio fue establecer la relación entre la caries dental y la adherencia a la dieta mediterránea mediante el cuestionario KIDMED en una muestra de niños de edades comprendidas entre 3 y 9 años. Métodos: Se llevó a cabo un estudio transversal en una muestra de 268 niños valencianos. En primer lugar, se realizó el cuestionario KIDMED para determinar la adherencia a la dieta mediterránea del paciente. En segundo lugar, se realizó una exploración clínica de los dientes temporales empleando el índice cod y cos. Se realizó un análisis estadístico descriptivo e inferencial, este último empleando la prueba de Kruskal-Wallis. Resultados: El 63,4% de la población estudiada presentaba caries, encontrando una media de cod de 0,234 y de cos de 0,098. El valor medio de índice KIDMED fue de 7,116 con unos valores que oscilaban entre -1 y 11. Se clasifico a los pacientes en alta adherencia a la dieta mediterránea (47,4%), adherencia media (47%) y baja adherencia a la dieta mediterránea (5,6%). Se observó una relación entre el índice cod y cos y una baja adherencia a la dieta mediterránea siendo estadísticamente significativa (p=0,000). Conclusiones: Se observó una asociación directa entre la caries dental en niños y la baja adherencia a la dieta mediterránea. (AU)

Background: Dental caries is a multifactorial infectious disease which represents an important health problem worldwide. The aim of the present study was to establish the relationship between dental caries and adherence to the Mediterranean diet through the KIDMED questionnaire in a population of 3-9 year old children. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a population of 268 Valencian children aged 3 to 9. First of all, questionnaire KIDMED was filled out by every patient/caregiver to determine the adherence of every patient to the Mediterranean diet. Afterwards, a clinical exploration of the temporary teeth was carried out using dmf and dmfs indexes. Descriptive and inferential statistical analysis were performed using Kruskal-Wallis test. Results: 63,4% of the studied population presented caries. The dmf and dmfs indexes obtained were 0,234 and 0,098 respectively. The mean value of the KIDMED index was 7,116 showing values from -1 to 11. Patients were classified as follows: High adherence to Mediterranean diet (47,4%), medium adherence (47%) and low adherence (5,6%). A statistically significant relationship was also found between dmf and dmfs indexes and a low adherence to the Mediterranean diet (p=0,000). Conclusions: A direct association was observed between dental caries in children and the low adherence to the Mediterranean diet. (AU)