Tratamiento de fugas biliares mediante colocación transparietohepática de endoprótesis metálicas recubiertas / Treatment of benign biliary leaks with transhepatic placement of coated self-expanding metallic stents

Objetivo. Analizar la seguridad y eficacia en el uso percutáneo de endoprótesis metálicas autoexpandibles recubiertas (EMAR) en pacientes con fuga biliar. Material y métodos. Este estudio ha sido aprobado por el Comité de Ética de nuestro centro. Se realizó una revisión retrospectiva de las EMAR colocadas entre octubre de 2008 y septiembre de 2015. Se analizaron la enfermedad primaria subyacente, los procedimientos hepáticos previos y el éxito clínico. Se evaluó la localización, el número, el tipo de fuga y las características del procedimiento intervencionista (número de prótesis empleadas, localización, éxito técnico y funcionalidad primaria). Se recogieron las complicaciones registradas. Resultados. Se estudiaron 14 pacientes. El seguimiento medio fue de 375,5 días (rango de 15-1920 días). En 12 pacientes las fugas biliares fueron posquirúrgicas. Un paciente presentó una fístula arteriobilioportal. En otro paciente, la fuga biliar fue post-CPRE. Se colocaron un total de 23 EMAR: 21 prótesis tipo Fluency® (Bard, Tempe, Arizona, EE.UU.) y dos prótesis tipo Wallflex® (Boston Scientific, Galway, Irlanda). Se consiguió éxito técnico total en el 78,6% (n=11), parcial en el 14,3% (n=2) y no se obtuvo éxito en el 7,2% (n=1). Se consiguió éxito clínico en 13 de 14 pacientes. La media de funcionalidad primaria de las EMAR fue de 331 días (rango de 15-1920 días). Once pacientes no presentaron ninguna complicación mayor. Conclusiones. La colocación percutánea de EMAR es un método seguro y eficaz en el tratamiento de fugas biliares benignas, con una alta tasa de éxito técnico y clínico y un nivel moderado de complicaciones (AU)

Objectives. To analyze the safety and efficacy of percutaneous placement of coated self-expanding metallic stents (SEMS) in patients with biliary leaks. Material and methods. This ethics committee at our center approved this study. We retrospectively reviewed all coated SEMS placed between October 2008 and September 2015. We analyzed patient-related factors such as the primary underlying disease, prior hepatic procedures, and clinical outcome. We evaluated the location, the number and type of leak (anastomotic or non-anastomotic), and the characteristics of the interventional procedure (number of stents deployed, location of the stents, technical success, and primary functionality). We recorded the complications registered. Results. We studied 14 patients (11 men and 3 women). The mean follow-up period was 375.5 days (range 15-1920 days). Leaks were postsurgical in 12 patients. One patient developed an arteriobilioportal fistula. In another, the biliary leak occurred secondary to the rupture of the common bile duct after ERCP. A total of 23 coated SEMS were placed, including 21 Fluency® stents (Bard, Tempe, AZ, USA) and 2 Wallflex® stents (Boston Scientific, Galway, Republic of Ireland). The technical success of the procedure was considered total in 11 (78.6%) patients, partial in 2 (14.3%) patients, and null in 1 (7.2%) patient. The clinical outcome was good in 13 of the 14 patients. The mean period of primary functionality of the coated SEMS was 331 days (range 15-1920 days). No major complications were observed in 11 (78.6%) patients. Conclusions. Percutaneous placement of coated SEMS for the treatment of benign biliary leaks is safe and efficacious, with a high rate of technical and clinical success and a moderate rate of complications (AU)

Treatment of benign biliary leaks with transhepatic placement of coated self-expanding metallic stents. / Tratamiento de fugas biliares mediante colocación transparietohepática de endoprótesis metálicas recubiertas.

OBJECTIVES: To analyze the safety and efficacy of percutaneous placement of coated self-expanding metallic stents (SEMS) in patients with biliary leaks. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This ethics committee at our center approved this study. We retrospectively reviewed all coated SEMS placed between October 2008 and September 2015. We analyzed patient-related factors such as the primary underlying disease, prior hepatic procedures, and clinical outcome. We evaluated the location, the number and type of leak (anastomotic or non-anastomotic), and the characteristics of the interventional procedure (number of stents deployed, location of the stents, technical success, and primary functionality). We recorded the complications registered. RESULTS: We studied 14 patients (11 men and 3 women). The mean follow-up period was 375.5 days (range 15-1920 days). Leaks were postsurgical in 12 patients. One patient developed an arteriobilioportal fistula. In another, the biliary leak occurred secondary to the rupture of the common bile duct after ERCP. A total of 23 coated SEMS were placed, including 21 Fluency® stents (Bard, Tempe, AZ, USA) and 2 Wallflex® stents (Boston Scientific, Galway, Republic of Ireland). The technical success of the procedure was considered total in 11 (78.6%) patients, partial in 2 (14.3%) patients, and null in 1 (7.2%) patient. The clinical outcome was good in 13 of the 14 patients. The mean period of primary functionality of the coated SEMS was 331 days (range 15-1920 days). No major complications were observed in 11 (78.6%) patients. CONCLUSIONS: Percutaneous placement of coated SEMS for the treatment of benign biliary leaks is safe and efficacious, with a high rate of technical and clinical success and a moderate rate of complications.

Hallazgos de angiografía por tomografía computarizada de la mediólisis arterial segmentaria / Segmental arterial mediolysis: findings at computed tomography angiography

Objetivo. Repasar los principales hallazgos de angiografía por tomografía computarizada de la mediólisis arterial segmentaria y enfatizar aquellos puntos que ayuden a diferenciarla de otras vasculopatías, como las vasculitis. Asimismo, se repasarán los protocolos de seguimiento y las diversas opciones terapéuticas. Conclusión. La mediólisis arterial segmentaria es una enfermedad rara que se define como una vasculopatía no ateroesclerótica, no hereditaria y no inflamatoria, caracterizada por la lisis de la capa media de la pared arterial. Debe sospecharse en pacientes de edad media con aneurismas, disecciones o roturas espontáneas de arterias viscerales de etiología desconocida, que no cumplen los criterios clínicos y analíticos de vasculitis. Las arterias viscerales abdominales son las más frecuentemente afectadas, entre ellas el tronco celíaco y las arterias mesentéricas superior e inferior. Sus formas de presentación radiológica incluyen la dilatación arterial, los aneurismas (saculares o fusiformes) únicos o múltiples, las estenosis y las disecciones (AU)

Objective. To review the principal findings on computed tomography angiography for segmental arterial mediolysis, and to emphasize the points that help to differentiate it from other vasculopathies such as vasculitis. We also review the protocols for follow-up and the various treatment options. Conclusion. Segmental arterial mediolysis is a rare disease that is defined as a non-atherosclerotic, non-hereditary, and non-inflammatory vasculopathy characterized by lysis of the medial layer of the arterial wall. It should be suspected in middle-aged patients with aneurysms, dissections, or spontaneous ruptures of visceral arteries of unknown etiology who do not fulfill the clinical and laboratory criteria for vasculitis. The arteries of the abdominal organs are the most commonly affected, including the arteries of the celiac trunk and the superior and inferior mesenteric arteries. Radiologically, segmental arterial mediolysis can present as arterial dilation; single or multiple, saccular or fusiform aneurysms; stenoses; or dissections (AU)

Complications associated with radiofrequency ablation of pulmonary veins. / Complicaciones asociadas a la ablación mediante radiofrecuencia de venas pulmonares.

OBJECTIVE: Radiofrequency ablation is an efficacious alternative in patients with symptomatic atrial fibrillation who do not respond to or are intolerant to at least one class I or class III antiarrhythmic drug. Although radiofrequency ablation is a safe procedure, complications can occur. Depending on the location, these complications can be classified into those that affect the pulmonary veins themselves, cardiac complications, extracardiac intrathoracic complications, remote complications, and those that result from vascular access. The most common complications are hematomas, arteriovenous fistulas, and pseudoaneurysms at the puncture site. Some complications are benign and transient, such as gastroparesis or diaphragmatic elevation, whereas others are potentially fatal, such as cardiac tamponade. CONCLUSION: Radiologists must be familiar with the complications that can occur secondary to pulmonary vein ablation to ensure early diagnosis and treatment.

Segmental arterial mediolysis: findings at computed tomography angiography. / Hallazgos de angiografía por tomografía computarizada de la mediólisis arterial segmentaria.

OBJECTIVE: To review the principal findings on computed tomography angiography for segmental arterial mediolysis, and to emphasize the points that help to differentiate it from other vasculopathies such as vasculitis. We also review the protocols for follow-up and the various treatment options. CONCLUSION: Segmental arterial mediolysis is a rare disease that is defined as a non-atherosclerotic, non-hereditary, and non-inflammatory vasculopathy characterized by lysis of the medial layer of the arterial wall. It should be suspected in middle-aged patients with aneurysms, dissections, or spontaneous ruptures of visceral arteries of unknown etiology who do not fulfill the clinical and laboratory criteria for vasculitis. The arteries of the abdominal organs are the most commonly affected, including the arteries of the celiac trunk and the superior and inferior mesenteric arteries. Radiologically, segmental arterial mediolysis can present as arterial dilation; single or multiple, saccular or fusiform aneurysms; stenoses; or dissections.