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The original article [1] contains an error whereby Fig. 2a and b are mistakenly swapped with each other, and thus do not correspond to their correct respective sub-headings in the caption.
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BACKGROUND: Tutoring is a useful tool in the university teaching-learning binomial, although its development is impaired in large classes. Recent improvements in information and communication technologies have made tutoring possible via the Internet. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of mixed-method academic tutoring in two basic subjects in Veterinary Science studies at the University of León (Spain) to optimize the usefulness of tutoring support in the college environment. This quasi-experimental study was firstly carried out as a pilot study in a small group of tutored students of "Cytology and Histology" (CH) (47/186; 25.3%) and "Veterinary Pharmacology" (VP) (33/141; 23.4%) subjects, and was implemented in a large class of CH the next academic year (150 students) while comparing the results with those obtained in a previous tutorless course (162 students). Tutored students were given access to online questionnaires with electronic feedback on each subject. In addition to traditional tutoring carried out in both tutored and tutorless students, the pilot study included three sessions of face-to-face tutoring in order to monitor the progress of students. Its efficacy was assessed by monitoring students' examination scores and attendance as well as a satisfaction survey. RESULTS: Although the examination attendance rate in the pilot study was not significantly different between tutored and tutorless groups in both subjects, an increase for numerical scores in tutored groups was observed, with a significant higher final score in VP (p = 0.001) and in the CH practice exams (first term, p = 0.009; final, p = 0.023). Good and merit scores were also better in tutored students with significant differences in VP (p = 0.005). Students felt comfortable with the tutoring service (100% in CH; 91.7% in VP). Implementation of this additional support in CH also resulted in a significant increase of attendance at the final exam in tutored courses (87.3% versus 77.2%; p = 0.026), scaled (p = 0.001) and numerical scores (final score, p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Online tutoring support, together with conventional teaching methods, may be a useful method to incorporate student-centered learning in basic subjects in Veterinary Science.
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Educación a Distancia/métodos , Educación en Veterinaria/métodos , Enseñanza , Adolescente , Biología Celular/educación , Evaluación Educacional , Femenino , Histología/educación , Humanos , Masculino , Farmacología/educación , Proyectos Piloto , España , Estudiantes/psicología , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
A vertebral mass in a dog with an acute onset paraparesis was identified by magnetic resonance imaging. A poorly differentiated hemangiosarcoma was diagnosed by histopathology and immunohistochemistry. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase could be a new differential marker for poorly differentiated hemangiosarcoma in dogs. Immunohistochemical detection of p53 phosphorylated at Serine392, p53, CD117, and CD44 suggest targets for design of therapeutic strategies.
Imagerie par résonance magnétique et immunistochimie d'un hémangiosarcome vertébral primaire chez un chien et répercussions pour le diagnostic et le traitement. Une masse vertébrale chez un chien atteint d'une manière soudaine d'une paraparésie a été identifiée à l'aide d'imagerie par résonance magnétique. Un hémangiosarcome mal différencié a été diagnostiqué par histopathologie et immunohistochimie. La synthase à l'oxyde nitrique endothélial pourrait être un nouveau marqueur différentiel pour l'hémangiosarcome mal différencié chez les chiens. La détection immunohistochimique de p53 phosphorylé à la sérine392, p53, CD117 et CD44 suggère des cibles pour la conception de stratégies thérapeutiques.(Traduit par Isabelle Vallières).
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Neoplasias Óseas/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Perros/diagnóstico por imagen , Hemangiosarcoma/veterinaria , Vértebras Lumbares/patología , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética/veterinaria , Neoplasias de la Columna Vertebral/veterinaria , Animales , Neoplasias Óseas/patología , Enfermedades de los Perros/patología , Perros , Hemangiosarcoma/diagnóstico , Hemangiosarcoma/patología , Inmunohistoquímica/veterinaria , Masculino , Neoplasias de la Columna Vertebral/diagnóstico , Neoplasias de la Columna Vertebral/patologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Retinoic acid (RA) and its analogues (retinoids) are promising agents in skin cancer prevention following either topical application or oral administration. However, long-term in vivo effects of RA on chemically induced hyperplastic epidermal foci in adult mouse skin have also been described, casting some doubt with regard to its chemopreventive activity. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES: To characterize chemically induced skin tumours and to investigate the in vivo long-term action and preventive effect of RA on adult mouse skin carcinogenesis. ANIMALS: Fifty-six adult Naval Medical Research Institute mice, exposed (n = 28) or not exposed (n = 28) to RA in utero. METHODS: Mice were treated with a standard two-stage skin carcinogenesis protocol, which included an initiating application of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene followed by promotion with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate. RESULTS: Retinoic acid administered to pregnant mice showed a long-term inhibitory action on cell differentiation and development of chemically induced tumours on the adult skin of their offspring, as well as a stimulatory effect on cell proliferation and expression of an early marker of malignant progression (keratin 13). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: The results suggest that RA exposure in utero confers long-lasting effects on adult mouse skin carcinogenesis. These include chemopreventive activity (reduced number of tumours), as well as enhancement of squamous papilloma progression, which appears to be due to enhanced keratinocyte proliferation and suppression of epidermal maturation. The clinical significance of these findings is not known for other routes of RA administration at this time.
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Antineoplásicos/uso terapéutico , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/prevención & control , Queratoacantoma/prevención & control , Papiloma/prevención & control , Neoplasias Cutáneas/prevención & control , Tretinoina/uso terapéutico , 9,10-Dimetil-1,2-benzantraceno , Animales , Carcinógenos , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/inducido químicamente , Esquema de Medicación , Femenino , Queratoacantoma/inducido químicamente , Masculino , Ratones , Papiloma/inducido químicamente , Embarazo , Neoplasias Cutáneas/inducido químicamente , Acetato de Tetradecanoilforbol , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
CD44 is an adhesion molecule implicated in the progression of human breast cancer. The purpose of this study was to describe CD44 antigen expression in canine mammary carcinomas and to evaluate its prognostic significance in relation to other clinico-pathological variables. A reduction in CD44 expression was significantly related to variables such as tumour size and adherence to underlying tissues but was not related to tumour location or to ulceration of the overlying skin. Complex (grade I) and anaplastic (grade III) carcinomas exhibited more intense expression of this antigen than did some tubulopapillary and most solid carcinomas (grade II). Although reduced CD44 expression was associated with infiltrative growth and vascular invasion in solid carcinomas, intense expression was also observed in anaplastic tumours. Although overall these findings suggest a role for this adhesion factor in canine mammary tumour development and progression, the complexity and apparently paradoxical nature of some of the findings currently limit the use of this immunohistochemical marker as a prognostic indicator.
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Carcinoma/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Perros/metabolismo , Receptores de Hialuranos/metabolismo , Neoplasias Mamarias Animales/metabolismo , Animales , Carcinoma/metabolismo , Enfermedades de los Perros/patología , Perros , Femenino , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica/fisiología , Neoplasias Mamarias Animales/patologíaRESUMEN
Adult Naval Medical Research Institute (NMRI) mice, after prenatal exposure to retinoic acid (RA), were treated with a standard two-stage skin carcinogenesis regime to characterize hyperplastic epidermal foci that precede the appearance of cutaneous papillomas, and to investigate the in vivo long-term action of RA on adult mouse skin treated with DMBA (7,12 dimethyl benz[a]anthracene) and TPA (12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate). The results demonstrate that RA administered to pregnant mice had a long-term inhibitory action on the cell differentiation and development of hyperplastic lesions occurring prior to cancer on the adult skin of their offspring as well as a stimulatory effect on cell proliferation of these hyperplastic lesions.
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Diferenciación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Queratolíticos/farmacología , Papiloma/prevención & control , Neoplasias Cutáneas/prevención & control , Piel/efectos de los fármacos , Tretinoina/farmacología , 9,10-Dimetil-1,2-benzantraceno/toxicidad , Administración Oral , Animales , Carcinógenos/toxicidad , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Femenino , Queratolíticos/administración & dosificación , Ratones , Papiloma/inducido químicamente , Embarazo , Efectos Tardíos de la Exposición Prenatal , Piel/citología , Neoplasias Cutáneas/inducido químicamente , Acetato de Tetradecanoilforbol/toxicidad , Tretinoina/administración & dosificaciónRESUMEN
Epidermal morphogenesis was studied in vivo following prenatal exposure to retinoic acid (RA). In pregnant mice, a single oral dose of RA on day 11.5 of gestation failed to induce histological changes in fetal epidermal development except in epidermal thickness. Epidermal thickness increased from 16.5 days post-coitum (dpc) onwards, and temporal and spatial epidermal modifications in keratins K5 and K14 related to proliferative activity of keratinocytes were observed. An RA effect on cell proliferation was supported by a statistically significant increase in the number of epidermal S-phase cells, containing BrdU-incorporated DNA in RA-exposed mice compared with nonexposed animals. The prolonged in utero action of RA on epidermal proliferative activity in fetuses and newborns suggests a long-term RA effect that may play a role on the development and evolution of diseases in adult skin.
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División Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Epidermis/efectos de los fármacos , Queratolíticos/farmacología , Efectos Tardíos de la Exposición Prenatal , Tretinoina/farmacología , Análisis de Varianza , Animales , Células Epidérmicas , Epidermis/anatomía & histología , Epidermis/patología , Femenino , Inmunohistoquímica/veterinaria , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos , Morfogénesis , Embarazo , Piel/citología , Piel/efectos de los fármacos , Piel/patologíaRESUMEN
We investigated in vivo the histological and immunohistochemical responses of mouse hair pelage follicle morphogenesis to prenatal exposure to a potentially nonteratogenic dose of all-trans-retinoic acid (RA), as a basis studying the preventive effect of RA on adult mouse skin carcinogenesis. In pregnant mice, a single oral dose of RA at 30 mg kg-1 body weight given on day 11.5 of gestation caused no RA-induced changes in the morphology or temporal expression patterns of keratins during pelage hair follicle morphogenesis. The only differential effect of RA was a statistically significant increase in the number of BrdU-positive nuclei in hair bulbs from RA exposed fetuses compared with nonexposed mice. The absence of adverse RA effects suggests that this experimental design may represent a valuable protocol for use in studies on the in vivo effects of this retinoid on different skin diseases.