Taking Action to Promote Diversity and Inclusion: One Program's Efforts Through Pathway Opportunities, Holistic Admissions, and Curricular Changes.

AIMS: Concerted, effective, and sustainable change in healthcare education programs is a critical step towards creating more diverse, inclusive, and equitable professions. This commentary demonstrates how one entry-level physical therapist education program, through a process of reflection, prioritization, and action, is taking steps to increase diversity, equity, and inclusivity within their program. RATIONALE: This article highlights initiatives that are leveraging existing partnerships and creating new ones to reach and mentor students from diverse communities, steps taken towards a more holistic and equitable admissions process, implementation of curricular changes to intentionally discuss the social determinants of health, and engagement of faculty and students to foster personal and professional development on diversity, equity, and inclusion topics. Outcomes to track the effectiveness of the strategies being used by each initiative are shared. CONCLUSION: To create active agents of change, education programs must create a diverse and equitable space for students and guide them to become leaders who can transform society. Steps taken by an entry-level physical therapist education program to implement strategies to promote diversity, equity and inclusion can serve as a road map for other healthcare professional programs.

Evaluation of Functional Spray Coatings for Mitigating the Uptake of Volatile Phenols by Pinot Noir Wine Grapes via Blocking, Absorption, and/or Adsorption.

Spray coatings have shown promising potential in preventing the uptake of smoke phenols from wildfires into wine grapes. Three cellulose nanofiber-based coatings with low methoxyl pectin or varying concentrations of chitosan were made into films and their potential for blocking, absorption, or adsorption of phenols (guaiacol, m-cresol, and syringol) was evaluated using a custom-built smoke diffusion box. The coatings were also applied to Pinot noir grapes in a vineyard. GC-MS analysis for smoke phenols from headspace gases of diffusion study and extractions of films indicated that chitosan-based films can block guaiacol and syringol, and all films are able to capture m-cresol. The type of coating and application time in a vineyard did not affect (P < 0.05) physicochemical properties, size, and weight of the berries, whereas chitosan-based coatings resulted in a higher anthocyanin content of berries. This study provided new information about the key mechanisms (i.e., blocking phenols) of coatings to mitigate smoke phenol uptake in wine grapes.

Impact of functional spray coatings on smoke volatile phenol compounds and Pinot noir grape growth.

The frequency and intensity of wildfires have been increasing over the last 50 years and negatively impacted the wine industry. Previous methods of smoke mitigation during grape processing have shown little impact in reducing smoke taint in wines. Therefore, a novel method of using edible spray coatings for vineyard application was developed to help prevent volatile smoke phenol uptake in wine grapes. Four cellulose nanofiber-based coating suspensions incorporated with chitosan and/or ß-cyclodextrin were evaluated. Films derived from the coating suspensions were exposed to volatile phenols found in wildfire smoke (guaiacol, 4-methyl guaiacol, m-cresol, o-cresol, p-cresol, syringol, and 4-methyl syringol) and evaluated with ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy where the results indicated that the coatings could uptake smoke phenols in varying degrees. The coatings were also applied in a vineyard at three different application times during grape growth: pea-sized, pre-bunch closure, and both at pea-sized and pre-bunch closure. The results showed that the application time did not have a significant (p < 0.05) effect on berry size, weight, °Brix, pH, or titratable acidity. The type of coating, time of application and washing were found to impact the number of volatile phenols in the grapes after a smoke event. Results from this study indicated that edible coatings could help mitigate smoke uptake in wine grapes without sacrificing the growth and key composition parameters of wine grapes. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: This research provides a novel spray coating that can be applied to wine grapes in the vineyard to potentially mitigate volatile smoke compounds in wine grapes without impacting fruit growth and key compositional parameters of wine grapes, thus maintaining high quality of wines for consumers. Results from this study can also be potentially applied to other agricultural commodities to solve the issues caused by the wildfire smoke.

Spanish validation of the Parental Psychological Control Scale and Parental Psychological Control-Disrespect Scale / Validación española de la Escala de Control Psicológico Parental y la Escala Control Psicológico-Falta de Respeto

Abstract The construct "parental psychological control" has been used to refer to those parental behaviors that interfere with the children's thoughts and feelings. Examples of this type of behaviors would be inducing guilt or shame as well as the withdrawal of affection. The objective of this study was to validate and adapt the Spanish version of the Psychological Control Scale-Youth Self-Report (PCS-YSR) and the Psychological Control-Disrespect Scale (PCDS) and to analyze if the parental psychological control is defined as one dimension or two dimensions through manipulative and disrespectful behaviors towards adolescents. Also, the unique contribution of parental psychological control in predicting adolescent's self-concept was examined. In two samples of undergraduate university students (the first, N = 367, mean age = 19.8, women=62.7%, men=37.3%, and the second, N= 312, mean age=19.7, women=73.9%, men=26.1%), exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses confirmed the hypothesized factor structure of the PCS-YSR and the PCDS, for both paternal and maternal ratings. Convergent validity was confirmed by consistent associations between both measures of parental psychological control and other measures of parental autonomy support and parental psychological control. The multi-group analysis confirmed that parental psychological control had a negative influence on self-concept. The results indicated that both scales are useful instruments for assessing parental psychological control.

Resumen El constructo "control psicológico parental" se ha utilizado para referirse a los comportamientos de los progenitores que interfieren con los pensamientos y sentimientos de los niños y niñas. Ejemplos de este tipo de comportamientos son la inducción de culpa o vergüenza, así como la retirada de afecto. Nuestro estudio tuvo como objetivo validar y adaptar la versión española de la Escala de Control Psicológico-Autoinforme Adolescente (PCS-YSR) y la Escala Control Psicológico-Falta de Respeto (PCDS), y analizar si el control psicológico parental se define como una dimensión o dos dimensiones a través de conductas manipuladoras e irrespetuosas hacia los adolescentes. Además, examinamos la contribución única del control psicológico parental en la predicción del autoconcepto del adolescente. En dos muestras de estudiantes universitarios de pregrado (la primera n = 367, edad media = 19.8, mujeres = 62.7%, hombres = 37.3%, y la segunda, n = 312, edad media = 19.7, mujeres = 73.9%, hombres = 26.1%), los análisis factoriales exploratorios y confirmatorios confirmaron la estructura factorial hipotética del PCS-YSR y del PCDS, tanto para las puntuaciones paterna como materna. La validez convergente fue confirmada por asociaciones consistentes entre ambas medidas de control psicológico parental y otras medidas de apoyo parental a la autonomía y control psicológico parental. El análisis multigrupo confirmó que el control psicológico de los progenitores influyó negativamente en el autoconcepto. Los resultados indicaron que ambas escalas son instrumentos útiles para evaluar el control psicológico parental.

Activity level during a one-hour labor check evaluation: walking versus bed rest.

PURPOSE: Determine if bed rest or walking during a 1-hour labor check evaluation affects progression to delivery. STUDY DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial. METHODS: Convenience sample of nulliparous full-term, low-risk women with an initial negative exam for active labor (cervical dilatation < 4 cm; intact membranes) were randomly assigned to bed rest or walking for 1 hour prior to reassessment. Cervical dilatation and comfort level were evaluated before and after 1 hour of bed rest or walking. For patients who delivered within 24 hours, time to delivery was documented. Data were analyzed with Student's t-test and c-test. Positive and negative predictive values were calculated for the 1-hour labor check evaluation as a screen for delivery within 24 hours (negative screen = no change in cervical dilatation after 1 hour; positive screen = ≥1 cm change in cervical dilatation after 1 hour). RESULTS: Sixty-three participants were studied before and after a 1-hour period of bed rest (n = 32) or walking (n = 31). No differences were found between the groups in changes of cervical dilatation, time to delivery, number of women delivering within 24 hours, or maternal comfort after the 1-hour labor check evaluation. Predictive values of the 1-hour labor check evaluation to determine delivery within 24 hours were 88.2% (positive predictive value) and 54.3% (negative predictive value). CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Cervical dilatation and time to delivery were similar for nulliparous, full-term, low-risk women regardless of activity level during a 1-hour, in-hospital labor check evaluation. The woman's preference can be used to determine activity level during a labor check evaluation. Positive 1-hour labor check evaluations were highly predictive of delivery within 24 hours. A negative 1-hour labor check evaluation, however, was not a good predictor of delivery within 24 hours.