A literature review of local and systemic considerations for endodontic treatments in older adults.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this literature review was to summarise the clinical important findings on the endodontic treatment outcome in older patients (≥60 years old) with pulpal/periapical disease considering local and systemic factors from a body of knowledge that is heterogeneous in methods or disciplines. BACKGROUND: Due to the increasing number of older patients in the endodontic practice, and the current trend for tooth preservation, the need for clinicians to have a better understanding of age-related implications that may influence the required endodontic treatment in older adults to retain their natural dentition is indispensable. METHODS: PubMed/Medline and Embase was searched by a medical librarian using specific terms based on inclusion/exclusion criteria. The reference list was hand-seached for additional relevant publications between 2005-2020. A combination of these terms was performed uing Boolean operators and MeSH terms. RESULTS: Of the 1577 publications identified manually and electronically, 25 were included to be fully reviewed by the examiners. The data was derived from three systematic reviews, one systematic and meta-analysis, three case series, four prospective and 14 retrospective cohorts. Overall, there was heterogeneity in reporting as well as limitations in most studies. CONCLUSIONS: The outcome of endodontic treatment (ET) either nonsurgical or surgical or combination of these is not affected by older age. ET can be the treatment of choice in older patients wiht pulpal/periapical disease. There is no evidence that older age per se affects the outcome of any type of endodontic treatment.

Short-term evaluation of bioactive glass using the modified osteotome sinus elevation technique.

PURPOSE: The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the dimensional changes of bioactive glass (BG) that occur after sinus bone grafting using a modified osteotome technique and simultaneous implant placement. METHODS: Seventy-six subjects received 87 implants with a modified osteotome sinus elevation technique using BG bone graft and simultaneous implant placement. The radiographs taken at the time of implant placement and at the time of implant uncovery were retrospectively evaluated to assess the degree of BG dimensional changes. RESULTS: Thirty-six subjects with 44 implants were included in the study. A 24.6% significant reduction (P < 0.0001) of the apical height of the BG from the apex of the implant occurred during the 6-month healing period. There was no significant correlation between the extent of sinus floor elevation, healing time, and the vertical distance the implant penetrated into the sinus with the degree of the dimensional changes of the bone graft. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that BG had a dimensional change reduction of 24.6% after 6 months of healing time.