RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: In children with an allergy to cow's milk proteins (CMA), the altered composition of intestinal microbiota influences the immune tolerance to milk proteins (CMP). This study aims to investigate the effect of probiotics on the phenotype and activation status of peripheral basophils and lymphocytes in a pediatric CMA cohort. METHODS: CMA children underwent 45 days of treatment with Bifidobacteria. The basophil degranulation and the immune phenotype of B cells, T helper cells, and regulatory T cells were analyzed in peripheral blood at diagnosis (T0), after a 45-day probiotic treatment (T1), and 45 days after the probiotic wash-out (T2). RESULTS: We observed in probiotic-treated CMA patients a decrease in naive T lymphocytes. Among the CD3+ cell subsets, both naive and activated CD4+ cells resulted markedly reduced after taking probiotics, with the lowest percentages at T2. A decreased basophil degranulation was observed in response to all analyzed CMP at T1 compared to T0. CONCLUSIONS: The probiotic treatment resulted in a decrease of circulating naive and activated CD4+ T cells, as well as degranulating basophils. These data suggest that the Bifidobacteria could have a beneficial effect in the modulation of oral tolerance to CMP. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ISRCTN69069358. URL of registration: https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN69069358 . IMPACT: Probiotic treatment with Bifidobacteria induces a reduction of both naive and activated circulating CD4+ T cells in pediatric patients with cow's milk allergy (CMA). The probiotic supplementation induces a decreased basophil degranulation. The immunological tolerance persists even after 45 days of the probiotic wash-out. Bifidobacteria in vivo supplementation down-modulates the activation of innate and adaptive immunity in pediatric patients with cow's milk allergy. Bifidobacteria contribute to the development of immune tolerance in CMA patients.
Asunto(s)
Hipersensibilidad a la Leche , Animales , Femenino , Bovinos , Hipersensibilidad a la Leche/terapia , Bifidobacterium , Linfocitos , Proteínas de la Leche , Activación de LinfocitosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Several studies have shown an association between severe asthma and serum immunoglobulins E (IgE) against Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins (SEs). SEs-the prototypes being types A (SEA), B (SEB) and toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (TSST-1)-can induce both polyclonal and specific IgE responses. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to evaluate the ability of SEs to induce basophil activation in severe asthmatic patients using the basophil activation test (BAT). METHODS: 57 severe asthmatic patients were enrolled. BAT in response to SEA, SEB and TSST-1 was performed in all patients, while serum IgE to SEA, SEB and SEC was available in 49 patients. BAT was considered positive when CD203c+ basophils to SEs were ≥5%, and the stimulation index (SI, ratio between % of CD203c+ basophils to SEs and to negative control) was >2. Two threshold values (>0.1 kU/L and >0.35 kU/L, respectively) were used to assess serum SEsIgE. RESULTS: 36.8% of severe asthmatic patients had a BAT positive for at least one SE (BAT SEs+). Serum SEsIgE >0.35 kU/L (SEs IgE+) was associated with BAT SEs positivity. Among patients with negative skin prick test, 35% were BAT SEs+, 30% SEs IgE+, 55% BAT or IgE- SEs+. A negative correlation between SI of BAT to SEs and both clinical (ACT score) and functional parameters was observed, together with a positive correlation of BAT with asthma exacerbations. CONCLUSIONS: The positivity of BAT for SEs in a subgroup of severe asthmatic patients further supports the pathogenic role of Staphylococcus aureus in severe asthma.
Asunto(s)
Asma/inmunología , Prueba de Desgranulación de los Basófilos , Enterotoxinas/inmunología , Inmunoglobulina E/inmunología , Staphylococcus aureus/inmunología , Adulto , Anciano , Toxinas Bacterianas/inmunología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Pruebas Cutáneas , Superantígenos/inmunologíaRESUMEN
Mulibrey (muscle-liver-brain-eye) syndrome (MUL) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the TRIpartite motif (TRIM)37 gene, encoding for TRIM37 a member of the TRIM E3 ubiquitin ligase protein family. MUL patients are characterized by growth retardation, dysmorphic features, and a wide range of abnormalities affecting different organs. However, T-cell abnormalities have not been observed in MUL subjects, to date. Here we described the immunological features of a MUL child carrying recently identified TRIM37 mutations, a 17q22 deletion of maternal origin combined with a TRIM37 variant of paternal origin. Here we found quantitative and functional defects in CD4+ T cells from this MUL case. Low levels of TRIM37 protein were specifically detected in CD4+ T cells of MUL patient and associated with their altered proliferation and cytokine production. Of note, both CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes of MUL child displayed an effector memory phenotype compared with healthy children. This clinical case research highlighted the possible role of TRIM37 in the control of immune cell number and function, especially in CD4+ T cells. Finally, this study may contribute to the novel mechanistic studies aim of identifying, in depth, the role of the TRIM37 protein in the immune system.
Asunto(s)
Linfocitos T CD4-Positivos/inmunología , Enanismo Mulibrey/genética , Mutación , Proteínas de Motivos Tripartitos/genética , Ubiquitina-Proteína Ligasas/genética , Linfocitos T CD4-Positivos/metabolismo , Linfocitos T CD8-positivos/inmunología , Linfocitos T CD8-positivos/metabolismo , Proliferación Celular , Células Cultivadas , Niño , Citocinas/metabolismo , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Herencia , Humanos , Memoria Inmunológica , Activación de Linfocitos , Masculino , Enanismo Mulibrey/diagnóstico , Enanismo Mulibrey/inmunología , Enanismo Mulibrey/metabolismo , Linaje , FenotipoRESUMEN
A significant proportion of HIV-infected patients experiencing a late diagnosis highlights the need to define immunological protocols able to help the clinicians in identifying patients at higher risk for immunological failure. The aim of the study was to evaluate the feasibility of easy cytometric tests in defining the effect of antiretroviral treatment (cART) on immunological homeostasis and in identifying predictive markers of early immune recovery. Chronic HIV infected patients (n = 202) were enrolled in a prospective multicentric study, and their immunological profile was studied before (w0) and after 24 weeks (w24) of antiretroviral treatment (cART) using a standardized flow cytometric panel. Based on CD4 T cell count before treatment, patients were divided in late (LP: CD4 <350/mmc), intermediate (IP: 350/mmc
Asunto(s)
Fármacos Anti-VIH/uso terapéutico , Linfocitos T CD4-Positivos/inmunología , Infecciones por VIH/inmunología , Reconstitución Inmune , Adulto , Terapia Antirretroviral Altamente Activa , Recuento de Linfocito CD4 , Femenino , Infecciones por VIH/tratamiento farmacológico , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Prospectivos , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an inflammatory condition associated with abnormal immune responses, leading to airflow obstruction. Lungs of COPD subjects show accumulation of proinflammatory T helper (Th) 1 and Th17 cells resembling that of autoreactive immune responses. As regulatory T (Treg) cells play a central role in the control of autoimmune responses and their generation and function are controlled by the adipocytokine leptin, we herein investigated the association among systemic leptin overproduction, reduced engagement of glycolysis in T cells, and reduced peripheral frequency of Treg cells in different COPD stages. These phenomena were also associated with an impaired capacity to generate inducible Treg (iTreg) cells from conventional T (Tconv) cells. At the molecular level, we found that leptin inhibited the expression of forkhead-boxP3 (FoxP3) and its splicing variants containing the exon 2 (FoxP3-E2) that correlated inversely with inflammation and weakened lung function during COPD progression. Our data reveal that the immunometabolic pathomechanism leading to COPD progression is characterized by leptin overproduction, a decline in the expression of FoxP3 splicing forms, and an impairment in Treg cell generation and function. These results have potential implications for better understanding the autoimmune-like nature of COPD and the pathogenic events leading to lung damage.