[Neonatal cortical hyperostosis. A side effect of prolonged prostaglandin E1 infusion]. / Hiperostosis cortical neonatal. Un efecto colateral de la administración prolongada de prostaglandinas E1.

Prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) infusion is usually administered for short periods to maintain patency of ductus arteriosus in infants with cyanotic heart disease. Prolonged therapy may be necessary while patients are awaiting surgical treatment. Several side effects occur at the onset of the treatment, most of them reversible once the treatment is discontinued. Cortical hyperostosis is a frequent complication of prolonged PGE1 infusion. Objective is to determine the incidence and severity of cortical hyperostosis in newborn requiring prolonged prostaglandin E1 infusion. 61 newborn babies were admitted in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit at Bazterrica Clinic, Buenos Aires City, from January 2006 to May 2010. Five newborn received prolonged PGE1 therapy defined as a longer-than-one-week treatment. Four of them had radiologic evidence of cortical hyperostosis and elevated serum alkaline phosphatase. Accurate and rapid diagnosis of this condition is critical to reduce unnecessary laboratory tests and to avoid cardiac surgery cancelling.

Hiperostosis cortical neonatal: un efecto colateral de la administración prolongada de prostaglandinas E1 / Neonatal cortical hyperostosis: a side effect of prolonged prostaglandin E1 infusion

La infusión de prostaglandinas E1 (PGE1) es habitualmente administradapor tiempos cortos para mantener la permeabilidad del ductus arterioso en lactantes con cardiopatías congénitas. En pacientes a la espera de la cirugía cardíaca el tratamiento puede prolongarse. Pueden ocurrir efectos colaterales, en su mayoría reversibles con la supresión del tratamiento. La hiperostosis cortical es una complicación frecuente de la administración prolongada de PGE1.Objetivo: Determinar la incidencia y gravedad de la hiperostosis cortical en neonatos que requieren infusión prolongada de prostaglandinas E1. Se estudiaron 61 recién nacidos con cardiopatías congénitas admitidos en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatales de la Clínica Bazterrica, desde enero del 2006 hasta mayo del 2010. Cinco recién nacidos recibieron tratamiento prolongado con PGE1. Cuatro presentaron evidenciaclínica y radiológica de hiperostosis cortical con elevados niveles séricos de fosfatasa alcalina. Diagnosticar esta entidad permitirá evitar estudios complementarios innecesarios o la suspensión de la cirugía cardíaca.(AU)

Prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) infusion is usually administered for short periods to maintain patency of ductus arteriosus in infants with cyanotic heart disease. Prolonged therapy may be necessary while patients are awaiting surgical treatment. Several side effects occur at the onset of the treatment, most of them reversible once the treatment is discontinued. Cortical hyperostosis is a frequent complication of prolonged PGE1 infusion. Objective is to determine the incidence and severity of cortical hyperostosis in newborn requiring prolonged prostaglandin E1 infusion. 61 newborn babies were admitted in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit at Bazterrica Clinic, Buenos Aires City, from January 2006 to May 2010. Five newborn received prolonged PGE1 therapy defined as a longer-than-one-week treatment. Four of them had radiologic evidence of cortical hyperostosis and elevated serum alkaline phosphatase. Accurate and rapid diagnosis of this condition is critical to reduce unnecessary laboratory tests and to avoid cardiac surgery canceling.(AU)

Hiperostosis cortical neonatal: un efecto colateral de la administración prolongada de prostaglandinas E1 / Neonatal cortical hyperostosis: a side effect of prolonged prostaglandin E1 infusion

La infusión de prostaglandinas E1 (PGE1) es habitualmente administradapor tiempos cortos para mantener la permeabilidad del ductus arterioso en lactantes con cardiopatías congénitas. En pacientes a la espera de la cirugía cardíaca el tratamiento puede prolongarse. Pueden ocurrir efectos colaterales, en su mayoría reversibles con la supresión del tratamiento. La hiperostosis cortical es una complicación frecuente de la administración prolongada de PGE1.Objetivo: Determinar la incidencia y gravedad de la hiperostosis cortical en neonatos que requieren infusión prolongada de prostaglandinas E1. Se estudiaron 61 recién nacidos con cardiopatías congénitas admitidos en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatales de la Clínica Bazterrica, desde enero del 2006 hasta mayo del 2010. Cinco recién nacidos recibieron tratamiento prolongado con PGE1. Cuatro presentaron evidenciaclínica y radiológica de hiperostosis cortical con elevados niveles séricos de fosfatasa alcalina. Diagnosticar esta entidad permitirá evitar estudios complementarios innecesarios o la suspensión de la cirugía cardíaca.

Prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) infusion is usually administered for short periods to maintain patency of ductus arteriosus in infants with cyanotic heart disease. Prolonged therapy may be necessary while patients are awaiting surgical treatment. Several side effects occur at the onset of the treatment, most of them reversible once the treatment is discontinued. Cortical hyperostosis is a frequent complication of prolonged PGE1 infusion. Objective is to determine the incidence and severity of cortical hyperostosis in newborn requiring prolonged prostaglandin E1 infusion. 61 newborn babies were admitted in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit at Bazterrica Clinic, Buenos Aires City, from January 2006 to May 2010. Five newborn received prolonged PGE1 therapy defined as a longer-than-one-week treatment. Four of them had radiologic evidence of cortical hyperostosis and elevated serum alkaline phosphatase. Accurate and rapid diagnosis of this condition is critical to reduce unnecessary laboratory tests and to avoid cardiac surgery canceling.

[Congenital adrenal hyperplasia salt-wasting form in males during the neonatal period. Can we anticipate to metabolic emergency?]. / Hiperplasia suprarrenal congénita perdedora de sal en varones durante el período neonatal.Es posible adelantarse a la emergencia metabólica?

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia is a group of disorders resulting from the deficiency of one of the five enzymes required for the synthesis of cortisol. The most frequent is the steroid 21-hydroxylase deficiency, accounting for more than 90% of the cases. The capacity of aldosterone synthesis is also decreased in 75% of the affected infants, resulting in salt-wasting type and life-threatening metabolic crisis. Affected males have not overt abnormality of the external genitalia and are detected when they develop a salt-losing crisis. The aim is to describe the devastating clinical presentation of the salt-wasting in two affected boys in the period without screening, and the advantages of the screening era in one girl having a simple virilizing form. Careful medical history, earlier clinical suspicion and a screening program would have helped us anticipate the diagnosis and, therefore, prevent salt-wasting crisis.

Hiperplasia suprarrenal congénita perdedora de sal en varones durante el período neonatal. ¿Es posible adelantarse a la emergencia metabólica? / Congenital adrenal hyperplasia salt-wasting form in males during the neonatal period. Can we anticipate to metabolic emergency?

La hiperplasia suprarrenal congénita se produce por deficiencia de una de las cinco enzimas necesarias para la síntesis de cortisol por la cortezasuprarrenal. En más del 90 por ciento de los casos la enzima afectada es la 21-hidroxilasa. De estos, el 75 por ciento tiene deficiencia de aldosterona con pérdida de sal y crisis metabólica con riesgo para la vida. Los varones enfermos no presentan signosaparentes en los genitales externos y se detectan al producirse la crisis adrenal. Describimos la devastadora presentación clínica perdedorade sal en dos varones afectados, en el período sin pesquisa, y las ventajas de la detección por pesquisa, en una niña que presentó la forma virilizante simple.(AU)

Hiperplasia suprarrenal congénita perdedora de sal en varones durante el período neonatal. ¿Es posible adelantarse a la emergencia metabólica? / Congenital adrenal hyperplasia salt-wasting form in males during the neonatal period. Can we anticipate to metabolic emergency?

La hiperplasia suprarrenal congénita se produce por deficiencia de una de las cinco enzimas necesarias para la síntesis de cortisol por la cortezasuprarrenal. En más del 90 por ciento de los casos la enzima afectada es la 21-hidroxilasa. De estos, el 75 por ciento tiene deficiencia de aldosterona con pérdida de sal y crisis metabólica con riesgo para la vida. Los varones enfermos no presentan signosaparentes en los genitales externos y se detectan al producirse la crisis adrenal. Describimos la devastadora presentación clínica perdedorade sal en dos varones afectados, en el período sin pesquisa, y las ventajas de la detección por pesquisa, en una niña que presentó la forma virilizante simple.

[Neonatal hemochromatosis. A cause of liver failure in utero. Report of two cases and review of the literature]. / Hemocromatosis neonatal. Una causa de fallo hepático in útero. Presentación de dos casos y revisión de la bibliografía.

Neonatal hemochromatosis is a rare clinical pathologic entity, defined by severe neonatal liver failure of intrauterine onset associated with intra-and extra- hepatic siderosis that spares reticuloendothelial system. It is the most frequently recognized cause of liver failure in neonates. The cause is unknown but it may develop secondary to abnormal fetoplacental iron handling or perinatal liver disease or be familial or as a consequence of gestational alloimmune disease. It's a syndrome with a common feature rather than a single pathologic entity, with maternal transmission and a high recurrence in the sibship. Death from multisystem organ failure usually occurs in the first few days or weeks of life. We report two newborn with neonatal hemochromatosis. The first died for multiorgan failure, despite aggressive support. The second underwent to liver transplantation. Since 1993, an antioxidant-chelator cocktail has been used in addition to standard supportive care, but this remains controversial. By 2002, a preliminary report suggested that treatment with weekly intravenous immunoglobulin during the later half of pregnancy, for woman whose most recent gestation was affected with proven NH. The diagnosis is suspected in the presence of severely impaired hepatic synthetic function accompanied by high serum ferritin levels, but is confirmed only by demonstration of increased hepatic iron stores, and extra-hepatic siderosis shown by autopsy or in vivo, which can be achieved by biopsy of the minor salivary glands or magnetic resonance imaging. Neonatal hemochromatosis is the most common specific indication for liver transplantation in the first three months of life and appears to be the treatment of choice, and must as well be considered as soon as it becomes apparent that medical support, which should include chelation-antioxidant treatment, is ineffective, before irreversible neurological complications appear.

Hemocromatosis Neonatal: una causa de fallo hepático in utero: presentación de dos casos y revisión de la bibliografía / Neonatal Hemochromatosis: a cause of liver failure in utero: report of two cases and review of the literature

La hemocromatosis neonatal es una entidad clínico patológicaque presenta fallo hepático grave, se inicia in útero, asociada a siderosis intrahepática y extrahepática, que respeta el sistema reticulo endotelial.Su causa se desconoce pero se debería a un manejo anormal del hierro fetoplacentario con enfermedad hepática perinatal, relación genética familiar o sería consecuencia de una enfermedad gestacional aloinmunitaria. Es un síndrome con características comunes más que una simple entidad patológica, con transmisión materna y alta recurrencia en la misma progenie. La muerte se produceen los primeros días o semanas de vida por fallomultiorgánico. Presentamos dos recién nacidos con hemocromatosis neonatal. El primero falleció por fallo multiorgánico y el segundo permitió el trasplante hepático. Desde 1993, se emplea un cocktail antioxidantequelantedel hierro, junto al tratamiento de soporteestándar del fallo hepático, pero su uso es polémico. En 2002, una comunicación preliminar sugiere que el tratamiento con inmunoglobulinas endovenosas en la segunda mitad de la gestación, en mujeres con el antecedente de un hijo con hemocromatosis neonatal probada, previene las formas recurrentes letales de la enfermedad. Este trastorno se debe sospechar en todo fallo hepático grave al nacer, acompañado de valores séricos de ferritina elevados; pero debe confirmarse por un aumento de los depósitos hepáticos de hierro y siderosis extrahepática demostrables por resonancia magnética nuclear, en la biopsia de glándulas salivales o en la autopsia. La hemocromatosis neonatal es la indicación específicamás frecuente de trasplante hepático en los primeros 3 meses de vida, que parecería ser el tratamiento de elección por considerar desde el momentoque el soporte médico, incluida la terapia antioxidante-quelante del hierro, sea inefectivo, antes de que surjan complicaciones neurológicas irreversibles (AU)

Neonatal hemochromatosis is a rare clinical pathologic entity, defined by severe neonatal liver failure of intrauterine onset associated with intra-and extra hepatic siderosis that spares reticuloendothelial system. It is the most frequently recognized cause of liver failure in neonates. The cause is unknown but it may develop secondary to abnormal fetoplacental iron handling or perinatal liver disease or be familial or as a consequence of gestational alloimmune disease. Itãs a syndrome with a common feature rather than a single pathologic entity, with maternal transmission and a high recurrence in the sibship. Death from multisystem organ failure usually occurs in the first few days or weeks of life. We report two newborn with neonatal hemochromatosis. The first died for multiorgan failure, despite aggressive support. The second underwent to liver transplantation. Since 1993, an antioxidant-chelator cocktail has been used in addition to standard supportive care, but this remains controversial. By 2002, a preliminary report suggested that treatment with weekly intravenous immunoglobulin during the later half of pregnancy, for woman whose most recent gestation was affected with proven NH. The diagnosis is suspected in the presence of severely impaired hepatic synthetic function accompanied by high serum ferritin levels, but is confirmed only by demonstration of increased hepatic iron stores, and extra-hepatic siderosis shown by autopsy or in vivo, which can be achieved by biopsy of the minor salivary glands or magnetic resonance imaging. Neonatal hemochromatosis is the most common specific indication for liver transplantation in the first three months of life and appears to be the treatment of choice, and must as well be considered as soon as it becomes apparent that medical support, which should include chelation-antioxidant treatment, is ineffective, before irreversible neurological complications appear.(AU)

Hemocromatosis Neonatal: una causa de fallo hepático in utero: presentación de dos casos y revisión de la bibliografía / Neonatal Hemochromatosis: a cause of liver failure in utero: report of two cases and review of the literature

La hemocromatosis neonatal es una entidad clínico patológicaque presenta fallo hepático grave, se inicia in útero, asociada a siderosis intrahepática y extrahepática, que respeta el sistema reticulo endotelial.Su causa se desconoce pero se debería a un manejo anormal del hierro fetoplacentario con enfermedad hepática perinatal, relación genética familiar o sería consecuencia de una enfermedad gestacional aloinmunitaria. Es un síndrome con características comunes más que una simple entidad patológica, con transmisión materna y alta recurrencia en la misma progenie. La muerte se produceen los primeros días o semanas de vida por fallomultiorgánico. Presentamos dos recién nacidos con hemocromatosis neonatal. El primero falleció por fallo multiorgánico y el segundo permitió el trasplante hepático. Desde 1993, se emplea un cocktail antioxidantequelantedel hierro, junto al tratamiento de soporteestándar del fallo hepático, pero su uso es polémico. En 2002, una comunicación preliminar sugiere que el tratamiento con inmunoglobulinas endovenosas en la segunda mitad de la gestación, en mujeres con el antecedente de un hijo con hemocromatosis neonatal probada, previene las formas recurrentes letales de la enfermedad. Este trastorno se debe sospechar en todo fallo hepático grave al nacer, acompañado de valores séricos de ferritina elevados; pero debe confirmarse por un aumento de los depósitos hepáticos de hierro y siderosis extrahepática demostrables por resonancia magnética nuclear, en la biopsia de glándulas salivales o en la autopsia. La hemocromatosis neonatal es la indicación específicamás frecuente de trasplante hepático en los primeros 3 meses de vida, que parecería ser el tratamiento de elección por considerar desde el momentoque el soporte médico, incluida la terapia antioxidante-quelante del hierro, sea inefectivo, antes de que surjan complicaciones neurológicas irreversibles

Neonatal hemochromatosis is a rare clinical pathologic entity, defined by severe neonatal liver failure of intrauterine onset associated with intra-and extra hepatic siderosis that spares reticuloendothelial system. It is the most frequently recognized cause of liver failure in neonates. The cause is unknown but it may develop secondary to abnormal fetoplacental iron handling or perinatal liver disease or be familial or as a consequence of gestational alloimmune disease. It’s a syndrome with a common feature rather than a single pathologic entity, with maternal transmission and a high recurrence in the sibship. Death from multisystem organ failure usually occurs in the first few days or weeks of life. We report two newborn with neonatal hemochromatosis. The first died for multiorgan failure, despite aggressive support. The second underwent to liver transplantation. Since 1993, an antioxidant-chelator cocktail has been used in addition to standard supportive care, but this remains controversial. By 2002, a preliminary report suggested that treatment with weekly intravenous immunoglobulin during the later half of pregnancy, for woman whose most recent gestation was affected with proven NH. The diagnosis is suspected in the presence of severely impaired hepatic synthetic function accompanied by high serum ferritin levels, but is confirmed only by demonstration of increased hepatic iron stores, and extra-hepatic siderosis shown by autopsy or in vivo, which can be achieved by biopsy of the minor salivary glands or magnetic resonance imaging. Neonatal hemochromatosis is the most common specific indication for liver transplantation in the first three months of life and appears to be the treatment of choice, and must as well be considered as soon as it becomes apparent that medical support, which should include chelation-antioxidant treatment, is ineffective, before irreversible neurological complications appear.