BACKGROUND: Fetal exposure to maternal anxiety is associated with low birth weight and maternal stress may be led to constriction of uterine arteries. This study compared the relation of anxiety and uterine artery doppler flow indices in pregnant women with the high and low-risk of Down syndrome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospective cohort study was conducted among pregnant women in the second trimester that were classified as having a high or low risk according to their prenatal aneuploidy screening outcome. The high risk group underwent amniocentesis. Anxiety was initially assessed using the Spielberger State-Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and uterine artery blood flow indices were evaluated 2 times for the both groups. For the high-risk group first: immediately before amniocentesis and second: after two weeks follow up, when receiving the karyotype results and for the low-risk group in the first admission and two weeks later. RESULTS: Totally, 375 pregnant women participated in our study that sorted into 2 risk populations based on the aneuploidy screening test, low-risk=176 and high-risk women=199. The high-risk group for Down syndrome amniocentesis showed abnormal results in the 23 cases (23/199). The mean state (P=0.003) and trait (P=0.033) of the Anxiety Inventory scores were significantly different between the groups. Baseline uterine artery indices were no significant difference between the groups. Baseline Uterine artery indices in the high-risk group was significantly different with follow-up (in both positive-amniocentesis and negative amniocentesis sub-groups) indices. Also, there was a weak and significant correlation in the uterine resistance index and STAI scores (P=0.008, r=0.137) during the follow-up period. CONCLUSION: All pregnant women experienced high level anxiety, especially in the high-risk group that may reduce after confirmation of prenatal aneuploidy screening test and also affects the Doppler indices. For all pregnant women; Stress management and emotional support training is recommended before and during pregnancy.
BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic excision of ovarian endometrioma is believed to decrease the ovarian reserve, but the risk factors of declining ovarian reserve are not well studied. This study aimed to determine the risk factors of anti mullerian hormone (AMH) decline after laparoscopic surgery of endometrioma.
Materials and Methods: This prospective study was recruited in Yas and Arash Hospitals affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences from 2020 to 2021. Women between 18-45 years with ovarian endometriomas with a diameter greater than 3 centimeters who were candidates for laparoscopy were included. AMH, luteinizing hormone (LH),
and follicular stimulating hormone (FSH) as well as cancer antigen 125 (CA125) and cancer antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) were obtained and compared pre and postoperatively. Indeed, the relation of AMH decline rate and the demographic, symptoms and endometrioma characteristics were investigated either.
Results: In this study, 100 women were recruited. The mean ± SD age of the participants was 29.08 ± 4.6. AMH (P<0.000) and LH (P=0.013) declined significantly postoperatively. Whereas, no significant difference was observed between pre and postoperative FSH (P=0.520). AMH decline rate was 30.07 ± 2.30% and didn't have significant relation with the demographic characteristics, preoperative AMH, and the amount of CA125. Otherwise in the multivariate analysys, CA125 (P=0.160) and the grade of endometriosis (P=0.05) had significant correlation with AMH decline rate.
Conclusion: Ovarian reserve decline after laparoscopic excision of endometrioma. Otherwise, there may no specific risk factor to predict the degree of ovarian reserve decline. Therefore, the selection of patients for laparoscopic excision of endometrioma should be taken more cautiously as the ovarian reserve diminishes even in the patients with the lowest risks.
