Comparison of the effectiveness of home visits and telephone follow-up on the self-efficacy of patients having un-dergone coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) and the burden of their family caregivers: A randomized con-trolled trial.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to compare home visits and telephone follow-up effectiveness on patients' self-efficacy undergoing Coro-nary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery -CABG- and caregivers' burden. METHODS: In this randomized clinical trial, 114 patients undergoing CABG were assigned to the three groups of home visits, telephone follow-up, and control based on the stratified block randomization. The self-management program of the home visit group included four face-to-face 60-minute training sessions once a week, and for the telephone follow-up group, four 30-minute telephone counseling sessions twice each week for a month. The control group received routine care. Data were collected using the cardiac rehabilitation self-efficacy questionnaire and the caregiver burden scale before and after the interven-tion. RESULTS: Before the study, there were no statistically significant differences between the three groups in terms of the means of self-efficacy and caregiver burden scores. However, there was a statistically significant difference between the home visit and control groups (p<0.001) and between the telephone follow-up and control groups (p<0.001) after the intervention, with in-creased self-efficacy and reduced caregiver burden reported. In contrast, there was no significant difference between the home visit and telephone follow-up groups regarding self-efficacy and caregiver burden scores. CONCLUSIONS: Both methods of self-management education have similar effectiveness in increasing self-efficacy and reducing the care-giver burden after discharge for patients who have undergone CABG.

Comparison of the effectiveness of home visits and telephone follow-up on the self-efficacy of patients having undergone coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) and the burden of their family caregivers: A randomized controlled trial / Comparación de la efectividad de las visitas domiciliarias y el seguimiento telefónico sobre la autoeficacia de los pacientes sometidos a cirugía de derivación arterial coronaria con injerto y la carga para sus cuidadores familiares: Un ensayo controlado aleatorio / Comparação da efetividade das visitas domiciliares e o seguimento telefónico sobre a autoeficácia dos pacientes submetidos a cirurgia de derivação arterial coronária com enxerto e a carga para seus cuidadores familiares: Um ensaio controlado aleatório

Objective. This study aimed to compare home visits and telephone follow-up effectiveness on patients' self-efficacy undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery -CABG- and caregivers' burden. Methods. In this randomized clinical trial, 114 patients undergoing CABG were assigned to the three groups of home visits, telephone follow-up, and control based on the stratified block randomization. The self-management program of the home visit group included four face-to-face 60-minute training sessions once a week, and for the telephone follow-up group, four 30-minute telephone counseling sessions twice each week for a month. The control group received routine care. Data were collected using the cardiac rehabilitation self-efficacy questionnaire and the caregiver burden scale before and after the intervention. Results. Before the study, there were no statistically significant differences between the three groups in terms of the means of self-efficacy and caregiver burden scores. However, there was a statistically significant difference between the home visit and control groups (p<0.001) and between the telephone follow-up and control groups (p<0.001) after the intervention, with increased self-efficacy and reduced caregiver burden reported. In contrast, there was no significant difference between the home visit and telephone follow-up groups regarding self-efficacy and caregiver burden scores. Conclusion. Both methods of self-management education have similar effectiveness in increasing self-efficacy and reducing the caregiver burden after discharge for patients who have undergone CABG.

Objetivo. Comparar la eficacia de las visitas domiciliarias y del seguimiento telefónico sobre la autoeficacia de los pacientes sometidos a cirugía de derivación arterial coronaria con injerto (CABG en inglés) y la carga de sus cuidadores. Métodos. En este ensayo clínico aleatorio, 114 pacientes sometidos a CABG se asignaron a uno de los tres grupos de investigación: visitas domiciliarias, seguimiento telefónico y control sobre la base de la aleatorización en bloque estratificada. El programa de educación en autoeficacia en el grupo de visitas domiciliarias incluía cuatro sesiones presenciales de formación de 60 minutos una vez a la semana, y para el grupo de seguimiento telefónico, cuatro sesiones de asesoramiento telefónico de 30 minutos dos veces por semana por un mes. El grupo de control recibió atención rutinaria. Los datos se recogieron mediante el cuestionario de autoeficacia de la rehabilitación cardíaca y la escala de carga del cuidador antes y después de la intervención. Resultados. Antes del estudio, no hubo diferencias entre los tres grupos en cuanto a las medias de las puntuaciones de las escalas de autoeficacia y carga del cuidador. Sin embargo, se encontró una diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre los grupos de visitas domiciliarias y de control (p<0.001) y entre los grupos de seguimiento telefónico y de control (p<0.001) después de la intervención, con un aumento de la autoeficacia y una reducción de la carga del cuidador. Es de anotar que no hubo diferencias significativas entre los grupos de visita domiciliaria y de seguimiento telefónico en cuanto a las puntuaciones de autoeficacia y de carga del cuidador. Conclusión. Ambos métodos de educación en este estudio tuvieron una efectividad similar en el aumento de la autoeficacia y la reducción de la carga de los cuidadores tras el alta de los pacientes sometidos a CABG.

Objetivo. Comparar a eficácia das visitas domiciliares e do seguimento telefónico sobre a autoeficácia dos pacientes submetidos a cirurgia de derivação arterial coronária com enxerto (CABG em inglês) e a carga dos seus cuidadores. Métodos. Neste ensaio clínico aleatório, 114 pacientes submetidos a CABG foram designados a um dos três grupos de investigação: visitas domiciliares, seguimento telefónico e controle sobre a base aleatorizada em blocos estratificada. O programa de educação em autoeficácia no grupo de visitas domiciliares incluía quatro sessões de formação presenciais de 60 minutos uma vez por semana, e para o grupo de seguimento telefónico, quatro sessões de assessoramento telefónico de 30 minutos duas vezes por semana durante um mês. O grupo de controle recebeu atenção rotineira. Os dados se recolheram mediante o questionário de autoeficácia da reabilitação cardíaca e a escala de carga do cuidador antes e depois da intervenção. Resultados. Antes do estudo, não houve diferenças entre os três grupos enquanto às médias das pontuações das escalas de autoeficácia e carga do cuidador. Porém, se encontrou uma diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os grupos de visitas domiciliares e de controle (p<0.001) e entre os grupos de seguimento telefónico e de controle (p<0.001) depois da intervenção, com um aumento da autoeficácia e uma redução da carga do cuidador. É importante anotar que não houve diferenças significativas entre os grupos de visita domiciliar e de seguimento telefónico enquanto às pontuações de autoeficácia e de carga do cuidador. Conclusão. Ambos os métodos de educação neste estudo tiveram uma efetividade similar no aumento da autoeficácia e a redução da carga dos cuidadores após a alta dos pacientes submetidos a CABG.

Protective effects of honey, Apis mellifera meda skorikov, on ischemia-reperfusion induced muscle injury / Efectos protectores de la miel, Apis mellifera meda skorikov, sobre la lesión muscular inducida por isquemia-reperfusión

Honey is a natural antioxidant that its protective effects have been proven against ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ameliorative effect of Persian Honey, Apis mellifera meda skorikov, on gastrocnemius muscle IR injury. Eighty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 250-300 g were used. They were divided into ten groups (N=8 per group). The ischemia was conducted with a silk suture 6-0 using the slipknot technique. All groups were rendered in ischemic for 3 h, and reperfused for various times of 3 days (3-day reperfusion), 7 days (7-day reperfusion), 14 days (14-day reperfusion), and 28 days (28-day reperfusion). Half of the groups had experimental honey (5 %) treatment immediately after ischemia. After reperfusion, the rats, based on the grouping, were killed with high doses of anesthetic, and the gastrocnemius muscles were removed and fixed. After the tissue processing, the evaluation of edema and mast cells infiltration was performed with hematoxylin-eosin and toluidine blue staining, respectively. TNF-α was detected with immunohistochemistry method. The amount of TNF-α as an index of acute inflammatory except the 3rd day significantly decreased on the other day of reperfusion (7th, 147th and 287th days). The mast cells infiltration was significantly decreased on 77th and 147th days. The tissue edema was decreased significantly in honey administrated group in the comparison with placebo groups. Honey administration can reduce damage caused by ischemia-reperfusion in the rat gastrocnemius muscle.

La miel es un antioxidante natural; sus efectos protectores han sido probados contra la lesión por isquemiareperfusión (IR). El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto de mejora de la miel persa Apis mellifera meda skorikov, en la lesión por IR del músculo gastrocnemio. Se utilizaron 80 ratas Sprague-Dawley macho adultas con un peso entre 250 y 300 g divididas en diez grupos (N = 8 por grupo). La isquemia se realizó con una sutura de seda 6-0 utilizando la técnica slipknot permaneciendo isquémicos durante 3 h. La reperfusión se realizó durante varios tiempos de 3 días, 7 días (reperfusión de 7 días), 14 días (reperfusión de 14 días) y 28 días (28 días reperfusión). La mitad de los grupos recibió tratamiento experimental con miel (5 %) inmediatamente después de la isquemia. Después de la reperfusión, las ratas, fueron sacrificadas con altas dosis de anestésico, y los músculos gastrocnemios fueron removidos y fijados. Después de procesar el tejido, se realizó la evaluación del edema y la infiltración de mastocitos se realizó con tinción de hematoxilina-eosina y azul de toluidina, respectivamente. TNF-α se detectó con el método de inmunohistoquímica. La cantidad de TNF-α como índice de inflamación inflamatoria aguda, excepto en el tercer día, disminuyó significativamente al día siguiente de la reperfusión (7, 14 y 28 días). La infiltración de mastocitos disminuyó significativamente a los 7 y 14 días. El edema tisular disminuyó significativamente en el grupo administrado con miel en comparación con los grupos placebo. El tratamiento con miel puede reducir el daño causado por la isquemia-reperfusión en el músculo gastrocnemio de la rata.