Simultaneous determination of three species with a single-injection step using batch injection analysis with multiple pulse amperometric detection.

In this work, the possibility of simultaneous determination of three compounds with a single-injection step using batch injection analysis with multiple pulse amperometric detection (BIA-MPA) is demonstrated for the first time. A sequence of three potential pulses (+1.25 V, +1.60 V, and +1.80 V) was applied with the acquisition of three separate amperograms. 8-Chlorotheophylline was detected selectively at +1.25 V, both 8-chlorotheophylline and pyridoxine at +1.60V and 8-chlorotheophylline, pyridoxine, and diphenhydramine at +1.80 V. Subtraction between the currents detected at the three amperograms (with the help of correction factors) was used for the selective determination of pyridoxine and diphenhydramine. The proposed method is simple, inexpensive, fast (60 injections h(-1)), and present selectivity for the determination of the three compounds in pharmaceutical samples, with results similar to those obtained by HPLC (95% confidence level).

Two new electrochemical methods for fast and simultaneous determination of codeine and diclofenac.

In this paper, we present two new electrochemical methods for fast and simultaneous determination of codeine (CO) and diclofenac (DCF). The first one is based on batch injection analysis with amperometric detection (BIA-MPA) and the second one is based on capillary electrophoresis with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (CE-C(4)D). The proposed BIA-MPA method is highly-precise (RSD of 1.1% and 0.9% for DCF and CO, respectively; n=10), fast (300 injections h(-1)) and has low detection limits (1.1 and 1.0 µmol L(-1) for DCF and CO, respectively). The proposed CE-C(4)D method allows the determination of CO and DFC in less than 1 min with high precision (RSD of 0.3% and 0.7% for DCF and CO, respectively; n=10) and low detection limits (11 and 21 µmol L(-1) for DCF and CO, respectively). Both proposed methods were applied to the determination of CO and DCF in pharmaceutical samples with similar results to those achieved by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) at a 95% confidence level.

Fast and direct determination of butylated hydroxyanisole in biodiesel by batch injection analysis with amperometric detection.

We report here, for the first time, application of batch injection analysis (BIA) with amperometric detection for determination of the phenolic antioxidant butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) in biodiesel. A sample plug was directly injected onto a boron-doped diamond electrode immersed in 50% v/v hydroethanolic solution with 0.1 mol L(-1) HClO(4) using an electronic micropipette. Importantly, the only preparation step required for biodiesel analysis is dilution in the same hydroethanolic electrolyte solution. Our proposed method has several advantages for routine biodiesel analysis, including: a low relative standard deviation between injections (0.29%, n=20), high analytical frequency (120 h(-1)), adequate recovery values (93-101%) for spiked samples, satisfactory accuracy (based on comparative determinations by high-performance liquid-chromatography), and a low detection limit (100 ng of BHA per g of biodiesel). Finally, our method can be adapted for the determination of other antioxidants in biodiesel samples.