RESUMEN
An outbreak of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) among people who inject drugs in Glasgow, Scotland started in 2014. We describe 156 cases over 5 years and evaluate the impact of clinical interventions using virological and phylogenetic analysis. We established (1) HIV services within homeless health facilities, including outreach nurses, and (2) antiretroviral therapy (ART) via community pharmacies. Implementation of the new model reduced time to ART initiation from 264 to 23 days and increased community viral load suppression rates to 86%. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that 2019 diagnoses were concentrated within a single network. Traditional HIV care models require adaptation for this highly complex population.
Asunto(s)
Servicios de Salud Comunitaria/organización & administración , Brotes de Enfermedades/prevención & control , Infecciones por VIH/epidemiología , Modelos Organizacionales , Abuso de Sustancias por Vía Intravenosa/complicaciones , Antirreumáticos/uso terapéutico , Servicios de Salud Comunitaria/métodos , Trazado de Contacto/métodos , Femenino , VIH/genética , VIH/aislamiento & purificación , Infecciones por VIH/tratamiento farmacológico , Infecciones por VIH/prevención & control , Infecciones por VIH/transmisión , Prueba de VIH/métodos , Personas con Mala Vivienda , Humanos , Masculino , Cumplimiento de la Medicación , Enfermeras y Enfermeros/organización & administración , Farmacias/organización & administración , Filogenia , Escocia/epidemiología , Abuso de Sustancias por Vía Intravenosa/terapia , Carga ViralRESUMEN
We report the identification of the vacancy-hydrogen complex in single crystal diamond synthesized by chemical vapor deposition. The S=1 defect is observed by electron paramagnetic resonance in the negative charge state. The hydrogen atom is bonded to one of the carbon atoms neighboring the vacancy. Unlike the analogous defect in silicon, no symmetry lowering reconstruction occurs between the three remaining carbon dangling orbitals. The very small measured hydrogen hyperfine interaction is explained by dipolar coupling between the hydrogen and the unpaired electron probability density delocalized on the three equivalent carbon neighbors.
RESUMEN
We report the identification of the nitrogen-vacancy-hydrogen complex in a freestanding nitrogen-doped isotopically engineered single crystal diamond synthesized by chemical vapor deposition. The hydrogen atom is located in the vacancy of a nearest-neighbor nitrogen-vacancy defect and appears to be bonded to the nitrogen atom maintaining the trigonal symmetry of the center. The defect is observed by electron paramagnetic resonance in the negative charge state in samples containing a suitable electron donor (e.g., substitutional nitrogen N(0)(S)).
RESUMEN
We tested the hypothesis that reduced tryptophan availability due to immunological stimulation in colorectal cancer impairs quality of life (QoL) by measuring serum tryptophan levels, and correlating them with serum immunological markers and with QoL indices. Serum tryptophan level was significantly reduced in cancer patients compared with healthy controls. Serum tryptophan/kynurenine ratio and neopterin level were significantly increased in cancer, with a significant correlation between the two variables. Reduced serum tryptophan correlated significantly with worse QoL scores. The results support the hypothesis that in colorectal cancer, QoL impairment may be due to serum tryptophan depletion mediated by immunological activation.
