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Introduction: Data on prevalence of fatigue in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients in the era of biological treatments remains scarce, with a lack of case-control studies. This study evaluates the prevalence of fatigue in Spanish women over 50 years with RA using the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue (FACIT-F) scale, explores its association with RA-related variables, and seeks to identify the primary factors influencing fatigue. Ultimately, our objective is to underscore the clinical significance of fatigue as a comorbidity and to advocate for its systematic evaluation in routine clinical practice. Methods: In a case-control study at a tertiary university hospital, 191 women over 50 years (mean age: 67.5 ± 8.8 years) meeting ACR 2010 criteria for RA and age-matched controls were assessed using the FACIT-F scale, SF-12 questionnaire, and RA-related clinical measures. Results: Fatigue was significantly more prevalent in the RA group (61%) compared to controls (37%, p < 0.001), with RA patients showing lower mean FACIT-F scores (36.0 ± 10.6 vs. 40.0 ± 0.6, p < 0.001). Correlations were noted between FACIT-F scores and C-reactive protein, DAS28, RAPID3, HAQ, and SF-12 scores. A multivariate analysis was performed and four models generated. The final model, with an R2 of 0.817, indicates that fatigue is significantly influenced by disease activity (RAPID 3) and mental and physical health (SF12) and age, explaining 81.7% of the variance in fatigue. Conclusion: Fatigue remains significantly prevalent and severe in women over 50 years with RA, strongly linked to disease activity, disability, and diminished quality of life. Systematic fatigue assessment and targeted strategies in clinical settings are essential to address this widespread issue. Future research should explore targeted interventions tailored to this demographic to enhance quality of care.
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Introduction: The European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) has put forward two key proposals for diagnosing sarcopenia: the EWGSOP1 in 2010 and the EWGSOP2 in 2019. These proposals are currently the most widely used guidelines for diagnosing sarcopenia. However, data on the prevalence of sarcopenia in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) based on EWGSOP criteria are limited. This study aimed to: (a) establish the prevalence of sarcopenia in an elderly Spanish cohort of women with RA using both EWGSOP1 and EWGSOP2 criteria; and (b) evaluate the effectiveness of the SARC-F questionnaire in detecting sarcopenia. Methods: In this observational, cross-sectional study, 67 women aged over 65 years who met the ACR 2010 criteria for RA were consecutively recruited from a tertiary university hospital. Assessments included: (a) demographic and anthropometric data; (b) RA-related variables (disease history, analytical evaluation, activity, disability, quality of life); and (c) sarcopenia-related variables (muscle strength, gait speed, skeletal muscle mass, and SARC-F questionnaire). The prevalence of sarcopenia was determined using both EWGSOP1 and EWGSOP2 criteria. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the SARC-F questionnaire for detecting sarcopenia were calculated. Results: The prevalence of sarcopenia was 43% according to the EWGSOP1 criteria and 16% according to the EWGSOP2 criteria. Patients diagnosed with sarcopenia based on the latter criteria also met the EWGSOP1's criteria for sarcopenia. Agreement between the two sets of EWGSOP criteria was poor. The SARC-F questionnaire demonstrated an inherently high sensitivity (100%) as well as good specificity (75%) and diagnostic accuracy (79%) in detecting sarcopenia according to EWGSOP2 criteria. Conclusions: The prevalence rate of sarcopenia among elderly Spanish women with RA varies significantly depending on whether EWGSOP1 or EWGSOP2 criteria are applied. The SARC-F questionnaire is effective for predicting sarcopenia when used in conjunction with the EWGSOP2 criteria, which is currently the most accepted standard in clinical practice.
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OBJECTIVES: To estimate the incidence of clinical fragility fractures in postmenopausal women with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and analyze risk factors for fracture. METHODS: Incidence of clinical fragility fractures in 330 postmenopausal women with RA was compared to that of a control population of 660 age-matched postmenopausal Spanish women. Clinical fractures during the previous five years were recorded. We analyzed associations with risk factors for fracture in both populations and with disease-related variables in RA patients. RESULTS: Median age of RA patients was 64 years; median RA duration was eight years. Sixty-nine percent were in remission or on low activity. Eighty-five percent had received glucocorticoids (GCs); 85 %, methotrexate; and 40 %, ≥1 biologic DMARD. Fifty-four patients and 47 controls had ≥1 major osteoporotic fracture (MOF). Incidence of MOFs was 3.55 per 100 patient-year in patients and 0.72 in controls (HR: 2.6). Risk factors for MOFs in RA patients were age, previous fracture, parental hip fracture, years since menopause, BMD, erosions, disease activity and disability, and cumulative dose of GCs. Previous fracture in RA patients was a strong risk for MOFs (HR: 10.37). CONCLUSION: Of every 100 postmenopausal Spanish women with RA, 3-4 have a MOF per year. This is more than double that of the general population. A previous fracture poses a high risk for a new fracture. Other classic risk factors for fracture, RA disease activity and disability, and the cumulative dose of GCs are associated with fracture development.
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Artritis Reumatoide , Fracturas Osteoporóticas , Humanos , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Posmenopausia , Incidencia , Artritis Reumatoide/complicaciones , Artritis Reumatoide/epidemiología , Fracturas Osteoporóticas/etiología , Factores de Riesgo , Densidad ÓseaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: Remote assessment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has increased during recent years. However, telematic consultations preclude the possibility of carrying out a physical examination and obtaining objective inflammation. In this study, we developed and validated two novel composite disease activity indexes (Thermographic Disease Activity Index (ThermoDAI) and ThermoDAI-CRP) based on thermography of hands and machine learning, in order to assess disease activity easily, rapidly and without formal joint counts. METHODS: ThermoDAI was developed as the sum of Thermographic Joint Inflammation Score (ThermoJIS), a novel joint inflammation score based on the analysis of thermal images of the hands by machine learning, the Patient Global Assessment (PGA) and, for ThermoDAI-CRP, the C reactive protein (CRP). Construct validity was tested in 146 patients with RA by using Spearman's correlation with ultrasound-determined grey-scale synovial hypertrophy (GS) and power Doppler (PD) scores, CDAI, SDAI and DAS28-CRP. RESULTS: Correlations of ultrasound scores with ThermoDAI (GS=0.52; PD=0.56) and ThermoDAI-CRP (GS=0.58; PD=0.61) were moderate to strong, while the correlations of ultrasound scores with PGA (GS=0.35; PD=0.39) and PGA+CRP (GS=0.44; PD=0.46) were weak to moderate. ThermoDAI and ThermoDAI-CRP also showed strong correlations with Clinical Disease Activity Index (ρ>0.83), Simplified Disease Activity Index (ρ>0.85) and Disease Activity Score with 28-Joint Counts-CRP (ρ>0.81) and high sensitivity for detecting active synovitis using remission criteria. CONCLUSIONS: ThermoDAI and ThermoDAI-CRP showed stronger correlations with ultrasound-determined synovitis than PGA and PGA + CRP, thus presenting an opportunity to improve remote consultations with patients with RA.
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Artritis Reumatoide , Sinovitis , Humanos , Artritis Reumatoide/diagnóstico , Proteína C-Reactiva , Inflamación , TermografíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: Sensitive detection of joint inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is crucial to the success of the treat-to-target strategy. In this study, we characterise a novel machine learning-based computational method to automatically assess joint inflammation in RA using thermography of the hands, a fast and non-invasive imaging technique. METHODS: We recruited 595 patients with arthritis and osteoarthritis, as well as healthy subjects at two hospitals over 4 years. Machine learning was used to assess joint inflammation from the thermal images of the hands using ultrasound as the reference standard, obtaining a Thermographic Joint Inflammation Score (ThermoJIS). The machine learning model was trained and tuned using data from 449 participants with different types of arthritis, osteoarthritis or without rheumatic disease (development set). The performance of the method was evaluated based on 146 patients with RA (validation set) using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, area under the receiver-operating curve (AUROC), average precision, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value and F1-score. RESULTS: ThermoJIS correlated moderately with ultrasound scores (grey-scale synovial hypertrophy=0.49, p<0.001; and power Doppler=0.51, p<0.001). The AUROC for ThermoJIS for detecting active synovitis was 0.78 (95% CI, 0.71 to 0.86; p<0.001). In patients with RA in clinical remission, ThermoJIS values were significantly higher when active synovitis was detected by ultrasound. CONCLUSIONS: ThermoJIS was able to detect joint inflammation in patients with RA, even in those in clinical remission. These results open an opportunity to develop new tools for routine detection of joint inflammation.
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Artritis Reumatoide , Osteoartritis , Sinovitis , Artritis Reumatoide/complicaciones , Artritis Reumatoide/diagnóstico , Humanos , Inflamación/diagnóstico , Aprendizaje Automático , Sinovitis/diagnóstico por imagen , Sinovitis/etiología , TermografíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the association between serum levels of osteoprotegerin (OPG) and Dickkopf-related protein 1 (DKK-1) and the annual percent change (Δ%) in bone mineral density (BMD) in patients with tightly controlled rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS: Observational mixed-study. RA patients followed-up with a tight-control strategy were included. Bone densitometries were performed at baseline (T0) and follow-up (T1) and serum levels of OPG and DKK-1 were measured by ELISA also in T0 and T1; additional clinical variables included disease activity measures, and treatment for RA and osteoporosis. Descriptive bivariate and multivariate analyses, stratified by gender, were performed. RESULTS: We included 97 RA patients (70% female, with a mean age of 53 years, and 76% with low activity by DAS28); 95% were treated with DMARDs and 37% with anti-osteoporotic drugs. Mean time between T0 and T1 was 2.7 years. Most patients had their BMD improved. The mean Δ%BMD was +0.42% for lumbar spine, +0.15% for femoral neck and +0.91% for total femur. In men, baseline OPG was significantly associated with higher BMD loss (ß coefficient -0.64) at the femoral neck. In women, DKK-1 was associated with higher BMD loss at the femoral neck (ß coefficient -0.09), and total femur (ß coefficient -0.11); however, DKK-1 was associated with lower BMD loss at the lumbar spine (ß coefficient 0.06). CONCLUSION: In tightly controlled RA patients, we have found no evidence of bone loss. The role of DKK1 and OPG seems small and might be related to sex and location.
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Artritis Reumatoide/sangre , Artritis Reumatoide/fisiopatología , Densidad Ósea , Péptidos y Proteínas de Señalización Intercelular/sangre , Osteoprotegerina/sangre , Adulto , Anciano , Artritis Reumatoide/tratamiento farmacológico , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
There is scant evidence of the long-term effects of bariatric surgery on bone mineral density (BMD). We compared BMD changes in patients with severe obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) 5 years after randomization to metabolic gastric bypass (mRYGB), sleeve gastrectomy (SG) and greater curvature plication (GCP). We studied the influence of first year gastrointestinal hormone changes on final bone outcomes. Forty-five patients, averaging 49.4 (7.8) years old and body mass index (BMI) 39.4 (1.9) kg/m2, were included. BMD at lumbar spine (LS) was lower after mRYGB compared to SG and GCP: 0.89 [0.82;0.94] vs. 1.04 [0.91;1.16] vs. 0.99 [0.89;1.12], p = 0.020. A higher percentage of LS osteopenia was present after mRYGB 78.6% vs. 33.3% vs. 50.0%, respectively. BMD reduction was greater in T2D remitters vs. non-remitters. Weight at fifth year predicted BMD changes at the femoral neck (FN) (adjusted R2: 0.3218; p = 0.002), and type of surgery (mRYGB) and menopause predicted BMD changes at LS (adjusted R2: 0.2507; p < 0.015). In conclusion, mRYGB produces higher deleterious effects on bone at LS compared to SG and GCP in the long-term. Women in menopause undergoing mRYGB are at highest risk of bone deterioration. Gastrointestinal hormone changes after surgery do not play a major role in BMD outcomes.
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Objetivos: Analizar el riesgo de fractura calculado por FRAX(R) y la frecuencia de alto riesgo de fractura en la población general en España. Métodos: EPISER2016 es un estudio transversal multicéntrico de base poblacional de la prevalencia de las enfermedades reumáticas en población adulta en España. Un total de 3.154 sujetos de edad igual o superior a 40 años (1.184 hombres y 1.970 mujeres) se seleccionaron mediante muestreo aleatorio estratificado. Las preguntas relacionadas con los factores de riesgo de fractura se realizaron mediante encuesta telefónica. El riesgo de fractura principal (RFP) y de cadera (RFC) se calcularon con la versión española de la herramienta FRAX(R), sin la inclusión de la densidad mineral ósea. Para definir alto riesgo de fractura, se utilizaron los umbrales RFP≥20%, RFP≥10%, RFP≥7,5% y RFC≥3%. Resultados: La mediana (rango intercuartílico) del RFP fue 2,61% (1,55-6,34%) en mujeres y 1,67% (1,15-2,87%) en hombres; la del RFC fue 0,39% (0,14-1,86%) y 0,18% (0,07-0,77%). El 3,83% de las mujeres y ningún hombre tenían un RFP≥20%; el 15,71% y el 1,14% tenían un RFP≥10%; el 20,62% y el 2,21%, un RFP≥7,5%; y el 19,27% y el 8,05%, un RFC≥3%. En las mujeres de 65 años o más, el RFC fue alto en el 58,09%. Conclusiones: EPISER2016 nos ha permitido conocer el riesgo de fractura calculado por FRAX(R) y la prevalencia de alto riesgo de fractura en la población general según los diversos umbrales utilizados en España
Objectives: To analyse the risk of fracture calculated by FRAX(R) and the frequency of high risk of fracture in the general population in Spain. Methods: EPISER2016 is a multicentre cross-sectional population-based study of the prevalence of rheumatic diseases in the adult population in Spain. 3,154 subjects aged ≥40 years (1,184 men and 1,970 women) were selected by stratified random sampling. The questions related to fracture risk factors were asked by telephone survey. The risk of major osteoporotic fracture (MOFR) and hip fracture (HFR) were calculated with the Spanish version of the FRAX(R) tool, without the inclusion of bone mineral density. To define high fracture risk, the MOFR≥20%, MOFR≥10%, MOFR≥7.5% and HFR≥3% thresholds were used. Results: The median (interquartile range) of the MOFR was 2.61% (1.55-6.34%) in women and 1.67% (1.15-2.87%) in men, whereas that of the HFR was 0.39% (0.14-1.86%) and 0.18% (0.07-0.77%); 3.83% of women and no men had a MOFR≥20%; 15.71% and 1.14% had a MOFR≥10%; 20.62% and 2.21%, a MOFR≥7.5%; and 19.27% and 8.05%, an HFR≥3%. In women aged 65 and over, the HFR was high in 58.09%. Conclusions: EPISER2016 enabled us to establish the risk of fracture calculated by FRAX(R) and the prevalence of high risk of fracture in the general population according to the different thresholds used in Spain
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Fracturas Óseas/diagnóstico , Algoritmos , Factores de Riesgo , Medición de Riesgo/métodos , Fracturas Óseas/etiología , España , Estudios Transversales , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: To analyse the risk of fracture calculated by FRAX® and the frequency of high risk of fracture in the general population in Spain. METHODS: EPISER2016 is a multicentre cross-sectional population-based study of the prevalence of rheumatic diseases in the adult population in Spain. 3,154 subjects aged ≥40 years (1,184 men and 1,970 women) were selected by stratified random sampling. The questions related to fracture risk factors were asked by telephone survey. The risk of major osteoporotic fracture (MOFR) and hip fracture (HFR) were calculated with the Spanish version of the FRAX® tool, without the inclusion of bone mineral density. To define high fracture risk, the MOFR≥20%, MOFR≥10%, MOFR≥7.5% and HFR≥3% thresholds were used. RESULTS: The median (interquartile range) of the MOFR was 2.61% (1.55-6.34%) in women and 1.67% (1.15-2.87%) in men, whereas that of the HFR was 0.39% (0.14-1.86%) and 0.18% (0.07-0.77%); 3.83% of women and no men had a MOFR≥20%; 15.71% and 1.14% had a MOFR≥10%; 20.62% and 2.21%, a MOFR≥7.5%; and 19.27% and 8.05%, an HFR≥3%. In women aged 65 and over, the HFR was high in 58.09%. CONCLUSIONS: EPISER2016 enabled us to establish the risk of fracture calculated by FRAX® and the prevalence of high risk of fracture in the general population according to the different thresholds used in Spain.
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Fracturas Óseas/etiología , Absorciometría de Fotón , Adulto , Factores de Edad , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Algoritmos , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Lansoprazol , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Medición de Riesgo , Factores de Riesgo , Factores Sexuales , España , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: To compare changes in bone mineral density (BMD) in patients with morbid obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) a year after being randomized to metabolic gastric bypass (mRYGB), sleeve gastrectomy (SG), and greater curvature plication (GCP). We also analyzed the association of gastrointestinal hormones with skeletal metabolism. METHODS: Forty-five patients with T2D (mean BMI 39.4 ± 1.9 kg/m2) were randomly assigned to mRYGB, SG, or GCP. Before and 12 months after surgery, anthropometric, body composition, biochemical parameters, fasting plasma glucagon, ghrelin, and PYY as well as GLP-1, GLP-2, and insulin after a standard meal were determined. RESULTS: After surgery, the decrease at femoral neck (FN) was similar but at lumbar spine (LS), it was greater in the mRYGB group compared with SG and GCP - 7.29 (4.6) vs. - 0.48 (3.9) vs. - 1.2 (2.7)%, p < 0.001. Osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase increased more after mRYGB. Bone mineral content (BMC) at the LS after surgery correlated with fasting ghrelin (r = - 0.412, p = 0.01) and AUC for GLP-1 (r = - 0.402, p = 0.017). FN BMD at 12 months correlated with post-surgical fasting glucagon (r = 0.498, p = 0.04) and insulin AUC (r = 0.384, p = 0.030) and at LS with the AUC for GLP-1 in the same time period (r = - 0.335, p = 0.049). However, in the multiple regression analysis after adjusting for age, sex, and BMI, the type of surgery (mRYGB) remained the only factor associated with BMD reduction at LS and FN. CONCLUSIONS: mRYGB induces greater deleterious effects on the bone at LS compared with SG and GCP, and gastrointestinal hormones do not play a major role in bone changes.
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Cirugía Bariátrica , Densidad Ósea/fisiología , Remodelación Ósea , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/cirugía , Hormonas Gastrointestinales/fisiología , Obesidad Mórbida/cirugía , Adulto , Cirugía Bariátrica/efectos adversos , Cirugía Bariátrica/métodos , Huesos/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicaciones , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/metabolismo , Femenino , Cuello Femoral , Estudios de Seguimiento , Hormonas Gastrointestinales/sangre , Ghrelina/sangre , Glucagón/sangre , Péptido 1 Similar al Glucagón/sangre , Humanos , Insulina/sangre , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Obesidad Mórbida/complicaciones , Obesidad Mórbida/metabolismo , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Objetivo: Actualizar las recomendaciones sobre osteoporosis (OP) de la Sociedad Española de Reumatología (SER) basadas en la mejor evidencia posible. Métodos: Se creó un panel formado por nueve reumatólogos expertos en OP previamente seleccionados por la SER mediante una convocatoria abierta. Las fases del trabajo fueron: identificación de las áreas claves para la actualización del consenso anterior, análisis y síntesis de la evidencia científica (utilizando los niveles de evidencia del SIGN) y formulación de recomendaciones a partir de esta evidencia y de técnicas de consenso. Resultados: Esta revisión de las recomendaciones comporta una actualización en la evaluación diagnóstica de la OP y de su tratamiento. Propone unos criterios para considerar alto riesgo de fractura y unas indicaciones para iniciar tratamiento. Las recomendaciones abordan también cuestiones relativas a la seguridad de los tratamientos y al manejo de situaciones especiales como las enfermedades inflamatorias y el tratamiento con glucocorticoides. Conclusiones: Se presenta la actualización de las recomendaciones SER sobre OP
Objective: To update the recommendations on osteoporosis (OP) of the Spanish Society of Rheumatology (SER) based on the best possible evidence. Methods: A panel of nine expert rheumatologists in OP was created, previously selected by the SER through an open call. The phases of the work were: identification of the key areas for updating the previous consensus, analysis and synthesis of the scientific evidence (using the SIGN levels of evidence) and formulation of recommendations based on this evidence and consensus techniques. Results: This revision of the recommendations implies an update in the diagnostic evaluation and treatment of OP. It proposes some criteria to consider the high risk of fracture and some indications to start treatment. The recommendations also address issues related to the safety of treatments and the management of special situations such as inflammatory diseases and treatment with glucocorticoids. Conclusions: We present an update of SER recommendations on OP
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Humanos , Osteoporosis/diagnóstico , Osteoporosis/terapia , Fracturas Osteoporóticas/prevención & control , Conservadores de la Densidad Ósea/uso terapéutico , Práctica Clínica Basada en la Evidencia , Seguridad del Paciente , Glucocorticoides/uso terapéutico , DensitometríaRESUMEN
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has been related to an impairment of the nutritional status. Body mass index (BMI) has been used but questions arise about how to properly evaluate nutritional status in RA patients. Few studies have evaluated it by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.In women with RA, to analyze:Case-control study including 89 women with RA. The control group was composed by 100 patients affected by non-inflammatory rheumatic disorders. Study variables included age, RA duration, history, activity and disability, and in relation to nutritional status: BMI, serum albumin (ALB), whole body DXA assessment, and skeletal muscle index (SMI).Mean age of patients was 62â±â8 years, mean duration of RA was 14â±â9 years, mean disease activity score (DAS28) was 3.7â±â1.4 and mean Health Assessment Questionnaire was 0.88â±â0.77. BMI was 27.43â±â5.16âKg/m in patients and 27.78â±â3.98âKg/m in controls (P: ns). ALB was within normal range in all patients.By whole body DXA, RA patients presented a statistically significant lower lean mass in all locations and lower fat mass in limbs than controls. Patients had a redistribution of fat mass to trunk. Lean mass directly correlated with fat mass.Neither BMI nor ALB correlated with DXA parameters.BMI, appendicular lean mass and SMI correlated inversely with disease duration. Trunk lean mass correlated inversely, and fat mass directly, with RA disability parameters.RA patients fulfilled criteria of sarcopenia in 44% of cases versus 19% of controls (P <.001). In RA patients, regarding SMI, BMI showed a high specificity to detect sarcopenia (94% of the patients with low BMI had sarcopenia) but low sensitivity (47% of the patients with normal BMI or overweight had sarcopenia).RA patients have an impairment of nutritional status associated to disease duration that looks like sarcopenia and that is not predicted by BMI.
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Absorciometría de Fotón/métodos , Artritis Reumatoide/epidemiología , Artritis Reumatoide/patología , Estado Nutricional , Anciano , Composición Corporal , Índice de Masa Corporal , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Evaluación de la Discapacidad , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Músculo Esquelético/patología , Sobrepeso/epidemiología , Factores de Riesgo , Sarcopenia/epidemiología , Albúmina Sérica/análisis , Factores Socioeconómicos , EspañaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To update the recommendations on osteoporosis (OP) of the Spanish Society of Rheumatology (SER) based on the best possible evidence. METHODS: A panel of nine expert rheumatologists in OP was created, previously selected by the SER through an open call. The phases of the work were: identification of the key areas for updating the previous consensus, analysis and synthesis of the scientific evidence (using the SIGN levels of evidence) and formulation of recommendations based on this evidence and consensus techniques. RESULTS: This revision of the recommendations implies an update in the diagnostic evaluation and treatment of OP. It proposes some criteria to consider the high risk of fracture and some indications to start treatment. The recommendations also address issues related to the safety of treatments and the management of special situations such as inflammatory diseases and treatment with glucocorticoids. CONCLUSIONS: We present an update of SER recommendations on OP.
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Osteoporosis/diagnóstico , Osteoporosis/terapia , HumanosRESUMEN
Objectives: To describe the changes in body fat distribution (BFD) occurring over 60 months in a group of antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naive individuals starting different antiretroviral regimens. Methods: A prospective ongoing fat change assessment including clinical evaluation and dual X-ray absorptiometry scan is being conducted in all consecutive patients initiating ART from January 2008. Arm, leg, trunk, and total fat as well as fat mass ratio were determined. Results: A total of 146 patients were included (80% male, 40% MSM). Mean age was 44 years, HIV-1 RNA was 4.98 log10 copies/mL, and CD4 count was 254 cells/µL. The most common initial antiretroviral combination included non-nucleoside reverse transcription inhibitor (NNRTI) drugs followed by protease inhibitor (PI) and integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI)-based regimens. At month 36, an increase was seen in the body mass index (BMI), total fat, trunk fat, and limb fat. The fat mass ratio (FMR) also showed a significant increase in both men and women (P = 0.001). In patients receiving NNRTI- or INSTI-based regimens (but not PIs), there was a marginal but statistically significant increase in the FMR (0.10 and 0.07, respectively; P = 0.01). Sixty-two subjects completed 60 months of follow-up. FMR showed a significant increase even in the PI group at this time point (P < 0.03). Conclusions: We observed a significant increase in the fat and lean body mass in all compartments and treatment groups over 36 and 60 months. Clinically irrelevant differences were found in fat distribution regardless of the treatment group and baseline characteristics. The data suggest that current antiretroviral regimens have little impact on BFD during the first years of treatment.
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Fármacos Anti-VIH/efectos adversos , Distribución de la Grasa Corporal , Seropositividad para VIH/tratamiento farmacológico , Adulto , Índice de Masa Corporal , Quimioterapia Combinada/efectos adversos , Quimioterapia Combinada/métodos , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios ProspectivosRESUMEN
A rare variant (BAFF-var) of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily 13b (TNFSF13B) gene has been recently associated with multiple sclerosis (MS) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The aim of this study was to investigate the association between TNFSF13B BAFF-var and susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and replicate that association in SLE. 6,218 RA patients, 2,575 SLE patients and 4,403 healthy controls from three different countries were included in the study. TNFSF13B BAFF-var was genotyped using TaqMan allelic discrimination assay. PLINK software was used for statistical analyses. TNFSF13B BAFF-var was significantly associated with RA (p = 0.015, OR = 1.21, 95% CI = 1.03-1.41) in the Spanish cohort. A trend of association was observed in the Dutch (p = 0.115) and German (p = 0.228) RA cohorts. A meta-analysis of the three RA cohorts included in this study revealed a statistically significant association (p = 0.002, OR = 1.24, 95% CI = 1.10-1.38). In addition, TNFSF13B BAFF-var was significantly associated with SLE in the Spanish (p = 0.001, OR = 1.41, 95% CI = 1.14-1.74) and the German cohorts (p = 0.030, OR = 1.86, 95% CI = 1.05-3.28), with a statistically significant p-value obtained in the meta-analysis (p = 0.0002, OR = 1.46, 95% CI = 1.09-2.32). The results obtained confirm the known association of TNFSF13B BAFF-var with SLE and, for the first time, demonstrate that this variant contributes to susceptibility to RA.
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Artritis Reumatoide/genética , Factor Activador de Células B/genética , Mutación INDEL , Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico/genética , Artritis Reumatoide/epidemiología , Frecuencia de los Genes , Estudios de Asociación Genética , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Genotipo , Alemania/epidemiología , Humanos , Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico/epidemiología , Países Bajos/epidemiología , Polimorfismo Genético , España/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
Objetive: Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) and nasal carriers of Staphylococcus aureus have an increased risk of developing infections caused by S. aureus. Our objective was to determine the prevalence of S. aureus nasal colonization in patients with RA and its relationship to RA treatments. METHODS: Two hundred and seven patients with RA and 37 healthy controls were prospectively included in a cross-sectional study. A nasal secretion sample was collected by swab from both anterior nostrils and was referred to the hospital's microbiology department for culturing. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients (168 women, 78%) was 61 ± 12 years old. The mean disease duration was 13 ± 10 years. Seventy-six percent of the patients were positive for Rheumatoid Factor (RF), and 71% were positive for Anti-citrullinated Peptides Antibodies (ACPA). Seventy percent had joint erosions. The mean DAS28 was 3.1 ± 2.2. S. aureus nasal colonization was found in 36% of the RA patients and 35% of the controls. Three patients and no controls were resistant to oxacilin/ mupirocin. The patients who were positive for ACPA had a higher prevalence of S. aureus colonization (43% vs. 17%; p < 0.05). The colonization prevalence in the patients treated with glucocorticoids was 32% (n: 133); methotrexate and/or leflunomide, 37% (n: 167); anti-TNF agents, 46% (n: 54), p < 0.05 versus patients not treated with anti-TNF agents; rituximab, 22% (n: 18); tocilizumab, 39% (n: 18). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of S. aureus nasal colonization in patients with RA does not appear to be greater than that of the general population. Anti-TNF agents might confer a higher prevalence of colonization.
Asunto(s)
Artritis Reumatoide/microbiología , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/epidemiología , Adulto , Anciano , Artritis Reumatoide/complicaciones , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Cavidad Nasal/microbiología , Prevalencia , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/complicaciones , Staphylococcus aureusRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: The effects of bariatric surgery on skeletal health raise many concerns. Trabecular bone score (TBS) is obtained through the analysis of lumbar spine dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) images and allows an indirect assessment of skeletal microarchitecture (MA). The aim of our study was to evaluate the changes in bone mineral density (BMD) and alterations in bone microarchitecture assessed by TBS in morbidly obese women undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), over a three-year follow-up. MATERIAL/METHODS: A prospective study of 38 morbidly obese white women, aged 46.3 ± 8.2 years, undergoing RYGB was conducted. Biochemical analyses and DXA scans with TBS evaluation were performed before and at one year and three years after surgery. RESULTS: Patients showed normal calcium and phosphorus plasma concentrations throughout the study. However, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D3) decreased, and 71% of patients had a vitamin D deficiency at three years. BMD at femoral neck and lumbar spine (LSBMD) significantly decreased 13.53 ± 5.42% and 6.03 ± 6.79%, respectively, during the three-year follow-up; however Z-score values remained above those for women of the same age. TBS was within normal ranges at one and three years (1.431 ± 106 and 1.413 ± 85, respectively), and at the end of the study, 73.7% of patients had normal bone MA. TBS at three years correlated inversely with age (r = -0.41, p = 0.010), body fat (r = -0.465, p = 0.004) and greater body fat deposited in trunk (r = -0.48, p = 0.004), and positively with LSBMD (r = 0.433, p = 0.007), fat mass loss (r = 0.438, p = 0.007) and lean mass loss (r = 0.432, p = 0.008). In the regression analysis, TBS remained associated with body fat (ß = -0.625, p = 0.031; R² = 0.47). The fracture risk, calculated by FRAX® (University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK), with and without adjustment by TBS, was low. CONCLUSION: Women undergoing RYGB in the mid-term have a preserved bone MA, assessed by TBS.
Asunto(s)
Densidad Ósea/fisiología , Huesos/ultraestructura , Derivación Gástrica/efectos adversos , Obesidad Mórbida , Adulto , Femenino , Fracturas de Cadera , Humanos , Obesidad Mórbida/cirugía , Osteoporosis , Factores de Riesgo , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
At present, data comparing the quantification methods for measurement of free vitamin D (direct assay [direct 25-OHDF] and estimated by calculation [calculated 25-OHDF]), are scarce. The aim of this study was to analyse the concordance between these two methods of 25-OHDF analysis (direct vs. calculated). METHODS: Serum values of total 25-OHD (25-OHDT), vitamin D binding protein (DBP) (by R&D Systems ELISA), calculated 25-OHDF (by DBP, albumin and 25-OHDT) and direct 25-OHDF (by DIAsource ELISA) were analysed in 173 healthy women (aged 35-45years). Assessment of concordance was evaluated by the Bland-Altman plot and the total deviation index (TDI). RESULTS: The mean values of calculated and direct 25-OHDF in these subjects were 5.27±2.5 and 3.83±1.01pg/mL, respectively. We found significantly lower values of 25-OHDF on comparing subjects with and without vitamin D deficiency, independently of the method used. The total deviation index evaluated by the Bland-Altman plot showed low concordance for both measurements. Only low 25-OHDF levels were concordant. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that the concordance between these two methods of 25-OHDF analysis is low and has a concentration dependent bias. Further studies are necessary to clarify the reference values and the indications for 25-OHDF measurement.
Asunto(s)
Calcifediol/sangre , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática/normas , Deficiencia de Vitamina D/sangre , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Análisis de Regresión , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Deficiencia de Vitamina D/diagnóstico , Proteína de Unión a Vitamina D/sangreRESUMEN
A genetic component influences the development of atherosclerosis in the general population and also in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, genetic polymorphisms associated with atherosclerosis in the general population are not always involved in the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in RA. Accordingly, a study in North-American RA patients did not show the association reported in the general population of coronary artery disease with a series of relevant polymorphisms (TCF21, LPA, HHIPL1, RASD1-PEMT, MRPS6, CYP17A1-CNNM2-NT5C2, SMG6-SRR, PHACTR1, WDR12 and COL4A1-COL4A2). In the present study, we assessed the potential association of these polymorphisms with CVD in Southern European RA patients. We also assessed if polymorphisms implicated in the increased risk of subclinical atherosclerosis in non-rheumatic Caucasians (ZHX2, PINX1, SLC17A4, LRIG1 and LDLR) may influence the risk for CVD in RA. 2,609 Spanish patients were genotyped by TaqMan assays. Subclinical atherosclerosis was determined in 1,258 of them by carotid ultrasonography (assessment of carotid intima media thickness and presence/absence of carotid plaques). No statistically significant differences were found when each polymorphism was assessed according to the presence/absence of cardiovascular events and subclinical atherosclerosis, after adjustment for potential confounder factors. Our results do not show an association between these 15 polymorphisms and atherosclerosis in RA.