Advances in 3D bioprinting to enhance translational applications in bone tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.

Bone defects are due to trauma, infections, tumors, or aging, including bone fractures, bone metastases, osteoporosis, or osteoarthritis. The global burden of these demands research into innovative strategies that overcome the limitations of conventional autografts. In this sense, the development of three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting has emerged as a promising approach in the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM) for the on-demand generation and transplantation of tissues and organs, including bone. It combines biological materials and living cells, which are precisely positioned layer by layer. Despite obtaining some promising results, 3D bioprinting of bone tissue still faces several challenges, such as generating an effective vascular network to increase tissue viability. In this review, we aim to collect the main knowledge on methods and techniques of 3D bioprinting. Then, we will review the main biomaterials, their composition, and the rationale for their application in 3D bioprinting for the TERM of bone.

Predictive approach of health indicators from the physical activity habits of active youth.

The aim of this study is to analyse the relationship between sport modalities practiced, physical fitness, body composition, and healthy habits in an active young population, using a statistical model for prediction. A total of 2255 (1528 boys and 727 girls) children and adolescents aged 6-17 years old who were involved in extracurricular sports from rural areas of Spain participated. Physical fitness was assessed through validated field test and, body composition was determinated using bioelectrical impedance analysis. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was assessed by KIDMED questionnaire. The general sport variable was significant in VO2max when comparing the invasion and combat modalities to the reference level (court/net). The sex and age variables revealed significant differences in all physical fitness and body composition parameters. Health parameters, such as hours of additional practice, adherence to the Mediterranean diet, and previous experience, showed significant differences. The study concludes that the sport modality variables of training, sex, age, and maturational period have an impact on body composition and fitness parameters in this population. Therefore, by focusing on factors associated with lower values in health indicators, we can prevent health problems during adulthood, such as cardiorespiratory deficits.

Non-hiatal diaphragmatic hernias: results of transabdominal and transthoracic surgical approaches at a fourth-level hospital.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to elucidate the clinical and demographic profiles, as well as perioperative outcomes, of patients undergoing surgery for non-hiatal diaphragmatic hernias. Additionally, it aims to analyse these outcomes based on the surgical approach employed (transthoracic versus transabdominal). METHODS: This retrospective, observational study was conducted at a single center and involved patients diagnosed with non-hiatal diaphragmatic hernia who underwent either emergency or elective surgery between July 2007 and March 2023. Clinical characteristics and perioperative outcomes of these patients were compared using appropriate statistical tests.The research protocol for this observational, retrospective, and comparative study followed the Declaration of Helsinki's ethical requirements. The need for Clinical Research Ethics Committee approval was waived according to our institutional law because the study was a retrospective cohort study based on anonymous data of patients. Informed consent was waived because this study involved the secondary analysis of patient medical records. Additionally, this study followed the STROBE guidelines for reporting observational studies. RESULTS: The analysis included 22 patients being 59.1% men, with median age of 61 years. The predominant clinical presentation was restrictive lung disease (40.9%). The majority of cases (68%) had traumatic aetiology with a median defect size of 4 cm (range of 3-8 cm). Elective surgery was performed in 15 cases (68.1%) and transthoracic approach was employed in 13 patients (54.5%). Postoperative major morbidity reached 27.2% and mortality within 30 days was 9.1%. Emergency surgeries accounted for 44.4% of transabdominal interventions, compared to 23% in the transthoracic subgroup (p = 0.376). There were no statistically significant differences between the transabdominal and trasnthoracic approaches in terms of global postoperative complications (88.8% vs. 84.6%, p = 1), major complications (44.4% vs 15.4%, p = 0.734), mortality (11.1% v 7.6%, p = 1) and recurrence (11.1% vs 7.6%, p = 1). Postoperative stay was significantly shorter in the transthoracic subgroup (6 days vs. 14 days, p = 0.011). CONCLUSIONS: Non-hiatal diaphragmatic hernias are characterized by significant postoperative major morbidity and mortality rates, standing at 27.2% and 9.1%, respectively, accompanied by a recurrence rate of 9.1%. Both transthoracic and transabdominal approaches demonstrate comparable short- and long-term outcomes.

Effectiveness of Combined First-Line Medical Treatment in Acromegaly with Prolactin Co-secretion.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the response to first-line medical treatment in treatment-naive acromegaly patients with pure growth hormone (GH)-secreting pituitary adenoma (GH-PA) and those with GH and prolactin co-secreting PA (GH&PRL-PA). DESIGN: Retrospective multicentric study of acromegaly patients followed from 2003 to 2023 in 33 tertiary Spanish hospitals with at least six months of first-line medical treatment. METHODS: Baseline characteristics, first-line medical treatment strategies, and outcomes were analysed. We employed a multiple logistic regression full model to estimate the impact of some baseline characteristics on disease control after each treatment modality. RESULTS: Of the 144 patients included, 72.9% had a GH-PA, and 27.1% had a GH&PRL-PA. Patients with GH&PRL-PA were younger (43.9 ± 15.0 vs. 51.9 ± 12.7 years; p < 0.01) and harboring more frequently macroadenomas (89.7% vs. 72.1%, p = 0.03). First generation somatostatin receptor ligand (fgSRL) as monotherapy was given to 106 (73.6%) and a combination treatment with fgSRL and cabergoline in the remaining 38 (26.4%). Patients with GH&PRL-PA received more frequently a combination therapy (56.4% vs. 15.2%; p < 0.01). After 6 months of treatment, in the group of patients under fgSRL as monotherapy, those patients with GH&PRL-PA had worse control compared to GH-PAs (29.4% vs. 55.1%, p = 0.04). However, these differences in the rate of disease control between both groups disappeared when both received combination treatment with fgSRL and cabergoline. CONCLUSION: In GH&PRL-PA the biochemical control achieved with fgSRL as monotherapy is substantially worse than in patients harboring GH-PA, supporting the inclusion of cabergoline as first line medical treatment in combination with fgSRLs in these subgroups of patients.

Stress factors and food purchase prioritization during the pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019.

BACKGROUND: The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic confinement has an impact on stress levels, which causes changes in food purchase and consumption behaviors. The objective of this study is to associate food purchase prioritization with stress level during the COVID-19 pandemic confinement. METHODS: Multicenter, observational and cross-sectional study, an online questionnaire that included data on sociodemographic variables, stress factors and food purchase prioritization was disseminated through digital platforms and social networks. RESULTS: A number of 6357 participants were included, of whom 83.6% were female, 56.3% were from the middle socioeconomic level, 71.2% had completed higher education and 78.3% had a job. At greater stress levels it was observed a higher prioritization of canned foods (Odds ratio (OR): 1.91, 95% CI: 1.56; 2.34), sweets (OR: 1.58, 95% CI: 1.06; 2.34) and flours (OR: 1.45, 95% CI: 1.25; 1.68). While lower stress levels are associated with nuts (OR: 0.75, 95% CI: 0.66; 0.85), vegetables (OR: 0.82, 95% CI: 0.72; 0.94), and fruits (OR: 0.90, 95% CI: 0.80; 1.01), after adjusting for confounders. CONCLUSIONS: There is an association between food purchase prioritization and stress level during the COVID-19 confinement. At greater stress levels, individuals purchase more food, both healthy and unhealthy. The later may have a negative impact on people's health, leading to or further aggravating malnutrition by excess and nutrition-related noncommunicable diseases.

Prognostic Value of Histone Acetyl Transferase 1 (HAT-1) and Inflammatory Signatures in Pancreatic Cancer.

Pancreatic cancer is a type of gastrointestinal tumor with a growing incidence and mortality worldwide. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) constitutes 90% of cases, and late-stage diagnosis is common, leading to a 5-year survival rate of less than 10% in high-income countries. The use of biomarkers has different proven translational applications, facilitating early diagnosis, accurate prognosis and identification of potential therapeutic targets. Several studies have shown a correlation between the tissue expression levels of various molecules, measured through immunohistochemistry (IHC), and survival rates in PDAC. Following the hallmarks of cancer, epigenetic and metabolic reprogramming, together with immune evasion and tumor-promoted inflammation, plays a critical role in cancer initiation and development. In this study, we aim to explore via IHC and Kaplan-Meier analyses the prognostic value of various epigenetic-related markers (histones 3 and 4 (H3/H4), histone acetyl transferase 1 (HAT-1), Anti-Silencing Function 1 protein (ASF1), Nuclear Autoantigenic Sperm Protein (NASP), Retinol Binding Protein 7 (RBBP7), importin 4 (IPO4) and IPO5), metabolic regulators (Phosphoglycerate mutase (PGAM)) and inflammatory mediators (allograft inflammatory factor 1 (AIF-1), interleukin 10 (IL-10), IL-12A and IL-18) in patients with PDAC. Also, through a correlation analysis, we have explored the possible interconnections in the expression levels of these molecules. Our results show that higher expression levels of these molecules are directly associated with poorer survival rates in PDAC patients, except in the case of IL-10, which shows an inverse association with mortality. HAT1 was the molecule more clearly associated with mortality, with a hazard risk of 21.74. The correlogram demonstrates an important correlation between almost all molecules studied (except in the case of IL-18), highlighting potential interactions between these molecules. Overall, our study demonstrates the relevance of including different markers from IHC techniques in order to identify unexplored molecules to develop more accurate prognosis methods and possible targeted therapies. Additionally, our correlation analysis reveals potential interactions among these markers, offering insights into PDAC's pathogenesis and paving the way for targeted therapies tailored to individual patient profiles. Future studies should be conducted to confirm the prognostic value of these components in PDAC in a broader sample size, as well as to evaluate the possible biological networks connecting them.

Oxidative Stress, Lipid Peroxidation and Ferroptosis Are Major Pathophysiological Signatures in the Placental Tissue of Women with Late-Onset Preeclampsia.

Preeclampsia, a serious and potentially life-threatening medical complication occurring during pregnancy, is characterized by hypertension and often accompanied by proteinuria and multiorgan dysfunction. It is classified into two subtypes based on the timing of diagnosis: early-onset (EO-PE) and late-onset preeclampsia (LO-PE). Despite being less severe and exhibiting distinct pathophysiological characteristics, LO-PE is more prevalent than EO-PE, although both conditions have a significant impact on placental health. Previous research indicates that different pathophysiological events within the placenta may contribute to the development of preeclampsia across multiple pathways. In our experimental study, we investigated markers of oxidative stress, ferroptosis, and lipid peroxidation pathways in placental tissue samples obtained from women with LO-PE (n = 68) compared to healthy control pregnant women (HC, n = 43). Through a comprehensive analysis, we observed an upregulation of specific molecules associated with these pathways, including NADPH oxidase 1 (NOX-1), NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX-2), transferrin receptor protein 1 (TFRC), arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase (ALOX-5), acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4 (ACSL-4), glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in women with LO-PE. Furthermore, increased ferric tissue deposition (Fe3+) was observed in placenta samples stained with Perls' Prussian blue. The assessment involved gene and protein expression analyses conducted through RT-qPCR experiments and immunohistochemistry assays. Our findings underscore the heightened activation of inflammatory pathways in LO-PE compared to HC, highlighting the pathological mechanisms underlying this pregnancy disorder.

Exacerbated Activation of the NLRP3 Inflammasome in the Placentas from Women Who Developed Chronic Venous Disease during Pregnancy.

Chronic venous disease (CVD) comprises a spectrum of morphofunctional disorders affecting the venous system, affecting approximately 1 in 3 women during gestation. Emerging evidence highlights diverse maternofetal implications stemming from CVD, particularly impacting the placenta. While systemic inflammation has been associated with pregnancy-related CVD, preliminary findings suggest a potential link between this condition and exacerbated inflammation in the placental tissue. Inflammasomes are major orchestrators of immune responses and inflammation in different organs and systems. Notwithstanding the relevance of inflammasomes, specifically the NLRP3 (nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich-containing family, pyrin domain-containing-3)- which has been demonstrated in the placentas of women with different obstetric complications, the precise involvement of this component in the placentas of women with CVD remains to be explored. This study employs immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) to examine the gene and protein expression of key components in both canonical and non-canonical pathways of the NLRP3 inflammasome (NLRP3, ASC-apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a C-terminal caspase recruitment domain-caspase 1, caspase 5, caspase 8, and interleukin 1ß) within the placental tissue of women affected by CVD. Our findings reveal a substantial upregulation of these components in CVD-affected placentas, indicating a potential pathophysiological role of the NLRP3 inflammasome in the development of this condition. Subsequent investigations should focus on assessing translational interventions addressing this dysregulation in affected patient populations.

Characterization of Anisotropic Salt Weathering through Nondestructive Techniques Mapping Using a GIS Environment.

Doctrinal texts on architectural heritage conservation emphasize the importance of fully understanding the structural and material characteristics and utilizing information systems. Photogrammetry allows for the generation of detailed, geo-referenced Digital Elevation Models of architectural elements at a low cost, while GIS software enables the addition of layers of material characteristic data to these models, creating different property maps that can be combined through map algebra. This paper presents the results of the mechanical characterization of materials and salt-related decay forms of the polygonal apse of the 13th-century monastery of Santa María de Bonaval (Guadalajara, Spain), which is primarily affected by salt crystallization. Rock strength is estimated using on-site nondestructive testing (ultrasound pulse velocity and Leeb hardness). They are mapped and combined through map algebra to derive a single mechanical soundness index (MSI) to determine whether the decay of the walls could be dependent on the orientation. The presented results show that salt decay in the building is anisotropic, with the south-facing side of the apse displaying an overall lower MSI than the others. The relative overheating of the south-facing side of the apse enhances the effect of salt crystallization, thereby promoting phase transitions between epsomite and hexahydrite.

Autophagy in Its (Proper) Context: Molecular Basis, Biological Relevance, Pharmacological Modulation, and Lifestyle Medicine.

Autophagy plays a critical role in maintaining cellular homeostasis and responding to various stress conditions by the degradation of intracellular components. In this narrative review, we provide a comprehensive overview of autophagy's cellular and molecular basis, biological significance, pharmacological modulation, and its relevance in lifestyle medicine. We delve into the intricate molecular mechanisms that govern autophagy, including macroautophagy, microautophagy and chaperone-mediated autophagy. Moreover, we highlight the biological significance of autophagy in aging, immunity, metabolism, apoptosis, tissue differentiation and systemic diseases, such as neurodegenerative or cardiovascular diseases and cancer. We also discuss the latest advancements in pharmacological modulation of autophagy and their potential implications in clinical settings. Finally, we explore the intimate connection between lifestyle factors and autophagy, emphasizing how nutrition, exercise, sleep patterns and environmental factors can significantly impact the autophagic process. The integration of lifestyle medicine into autophagy research opens new avenues for promoting health and longevity through personalized interventions.

A comprehensive study of the academic benefits and practical recommendations to include resistance training programs in institutional education.

The connection between physical activity and cognitive function has become a focus of attention in educational research in recent years. Regular exercise has been shown to have significant positive effects on physical health, but it also appears to have a significant impact on cognitive function and academic performance. Of all the exercise modalities, resistance training has drawn interest for its ability to improve cerebral abilities in addition to physical well-being. However, there is limited available knowledge exploring the relationship between resistance training regimens and academic performance. This narrative review aims to investigate the underlying mechanisms linking resistance training to academic performance. Firstly, we will examine the biological mechanisms and psychosocial links that potentially connect resistance training to academic performance to find and describe the different mechanisms by which resistance training improves academic performance. In the next part of the work, we delve into the existing observational and intervention studies that have explored the relationship between resistance training and academic performance. Lastly, we provide practical recommendations for including resistance training in institutional education settings, emphasizing the need of dispelling myths and addressing barriers to increase participation as well as the relevance of considering key training variables and adaptation of protocols to developmental stages, always guided by a properly trained professional. Overall, the available evidence supports that resistance training provides potential benefits to the academic performance of youth students with many biological and psychosocial factors that explain this relationship. However, most of the studies are observational, and broader interventional studies are needed to understand and maximize the benefits of this type of physical exercise.

ACTIVE-FIT program: Assessment of sleep quality and its relationship with physical activity in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.

BACKGROUND: Multiple sclerosis (MS) causes sleep disturbances in up to 70 % of individuals. These problems are linked to fatigue, mood and cognitive performance, thereby affecting the quality of life in people with MS (PwMS). The frequent and debilitating side effects of sleep medications prompt the exploration of alternative therapies. Physical activity has shown benefits in improving sleep, reducing fatigue, and enhancing quality of life. Combined with a controlled exercise program tailored for PwMS, the study aims to analyze the impact of moderate physical exercise on sleep quality, cognitive function, quality of life, mood, and fatigue. METHODS: A single-center prospective cohort study was designed to assess the impact of a 12-week physical exercise program on patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Changes in sleep and activity parameters are evaluated using an actigraph and cognitive, quality of life, fatigue and mood changes are assessed through specific questionnaires before, during, and after the exercise program application. RESULTS: 23 patients completed the study (women = 84.6 %) Mean age was 37.2 years (SD 7.5). The mean EDSS score was 1.9, and 80.8 % were diagnosed within the last six years. Significant improvements were noted in sleep efficiency between baseline and final measurements (χ2 = 27.5; p.adj = 0.004), sleep latency (χ2 = 275; p.adj = 0.000), sleep duration (χ2 = 251; p.adj = 0.001) and in the number of awakenings (χ2 = 269.5; p.adj = 0.000), with a decreased in total time in bed from 8.5 h to 7.35 h post-intervention. Regarding activity variables, an increase in caloric expenditure and an increase in the time participants engaged in light activity were observed. We found significant improvements in fatigue, quality of life and mood. Concerning neuropsychological exploration results, improvements were observed in all studied parameters, with statistically significant improvement in Verbal SRT (χ2 = 43; p = 0.022). CONCLUSION: Our study showed a positive impact of a 12-week physical exercise program on sleep performance, cognition and mood in PwMS. The observed improvements underscore the potential of tailored exercise interventions in promoting a more comprehensive and holistic care paradigm for PwMS.

Circulating immunome fingerprint in eosinophilic esophagitis is associated with clinical response to proton pump inhibitor treatment.

Objectives: The aim of the study was to characterize the circulating immunome of patients with EoE before and after proton pump inhibitor (PPI) treatment in order to identify potential non-invasive biomarkers of treatment response. Methods: PBMCs from 19 healthy controls and 24 EoE patients were studied using a 39-plex spectral cytometry panel. The plasmacytoid dendritic cell (pDC) population was differentially characterized by spectral cytometry analysis and immunofluorescence assays in esophageal biopsies from 7 healthy controls and 13 EoE patients. Results: Interestingly, EoE patients at baseline had lower levels of circulating pDC compared with controls. Before treatment, patients with EoE who responded to PPI therapy had higher levels of circulating pDC and classical monocytes, compared with non-responders. Moreover, following PPI therapy pDC levels were increased in all EoE patients, while normal levels were only restored in PPI-responding patients. Finally, circulating pDC levels inversely correlated with peak eosinophil count and pDC count in esophageal biopsies. The number of tissue pDCs significantly increased during active EoE, being even higher in non-responder patients when compared to responder patients pre-PPI. pDC levels decreased after PPI intake, being further restored almost to control levels in responder patients post-PPI. Conclusions: We hereby describe a unique immune fingerprint of EoE patients at diagnosis. Moreover, circulating pDC may be also used as a novel non-invasive biomarker to predict subsequent response to PPI treatment.

Exploring Scaffold Hopping for Novel 2-(Quinolin-4-yloxy)acetamides with Enhanced Antimycobacterial Activity.

Utilizing a scaffold-hopping strategy from the drug candidate telacebec, a novel series of 2-(quinolin-4-yloxy)acetamides was synthesized and evaluated as inhibitors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) growth. These compounds demonstrated potent activity against drug-sensitive and multidrug-resistant strains (MIC ≤ 0.02 µM). Leading compounds were evaluated against a known qcrB resistant strain (T313A), and their loss in activity suggested that the cytochrome bc1 complex is the likely target. Additionally, these structures showed high selectivity regarding mammalian cells (selectivity index > 500) and stability across different aqueous media. Furthermore, some of the synthesized quinolines demonstrated aqueous solubility values that exceeded those of telacebec, while maintaining low rates of metabolism. Finally, a selected compound prevented Mtb growth by more than 1.7 log10 colony forming units in a macrophage model of tuberculosis (TB) infection. These findings validate the proposed design and introduce new 2-(quinolin-4-yloxy)acetamides with potential for development in TB drug discovery campaigns.

TB or Not TB: Lung Nocardiosis, a Tuberculosis Mimicker.

Nocardia, a gram-positive bacterium found in soil and water, rarely causes infections in immunocompetent patients. Diagnosing and treating nocardiosis can be challenging due to its infrequency and the similarity of its symptoms to other diseases. We describe the case of a middle-aged male with a history of latent tuberculosis who presented with hemoptysis. Imaging revealed a persistent lung mass, and pathology and microbiology studies confirmed Nocardia infection. The patient was treated with antibiotics and discharged home. Pulmonary nocardiosis can mimic tuberculosis, fungal infections, or malignancies. Immunocompetent patients make up one-third of the cases. Diagnosis can be difficult, as the organism takes time to grow in culture, but molecular techniques and histology can aid in diagnosis. Treatment often involves a six- to 12-month course of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX). Prompt identification of the etiological agent is essential for effective treatment, especially for immunocompetent patients who may not exhibit typical risk factors.

Proton-Pump Inhibitors in Eosinophilic Esophagitis: A Review Focused on the Role of Pharmacogenetics.

Proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs) are the most administered first-line treatment for eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE). However, only around half of EoE patients respond histologically to a double dosage of PPI. In addition, 70% of responders maintain EoE in remission after tapering the PPI dose. In order to avoid endoscopy with biopsies-the only accurate method of assessing PPI response-efforts have been made to identify PPI responder patients. The clinical or endoscopic features and biomarkers evaluated so far, however, have not proven to be sufficient in predicting PPI response. Although new approaches based on omics technologies have uncovered promising biomarkers, the specialized and complex procedures required are difficult to implement in clinical settings. Alternatively, PPI pharmacogenetics based on identifying variations in CYP2C19 and STAT6 genes have shown promising results in EoE, and could easily be performed in most laboratories. Other genetic variations have also been associated with PPI response and may explain those cases not related to CYP2C19 or STAT6. Here, we provide an overview of PPI treatment in EoE and evidence of how genetic variations in CYP2C19 and other genes could affect PPI effectiveness, and also discuss studies evaluating the role of pharmacogenetics in predicting PPI response in patients with EoE.

Mental health among adolescents exposed to social inequality in Latin America and the Caribbean: a scoping review.

Background and objective: Adolescents from Latin America and the Caribbean grow up in a context of social inequality, which diminishes their well-being and leads to impaired emotional-cognitive development. To understand the problem, it is important to synthesize the available research about it. This study aims to explore the knowledge about adolescents' mental health in Latin America and the Caribbean exposed to social inequality. Methods: A systematic scoping review was conducted encompassing a search in five databases (Medline, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Scopus, and LILACS) in June 2022. Articles of various typologies were included without time limit. After two rounds of screening, relevant data were manually extracted and synthesized into self-constructed themes using thematic analysis. Results: Out of 8,825 retrieved records, 42 papers were included in the final review, with a predominance of quantitative approaches. The synthesis revealed two main analytical themes: (a) defining social inequality, wherein intersecting inequalities produce discrimination and determine conditions for social vulnerability; (b) social inequality and mental health, which highlights the association between socio-structural difficulties and emotional problems, amplifying vulnerability to mental ill health and poor mental health care. Conclusion: The scientific evidence reveals that social inequality is related to impaired well-being and mental ill health on the one hand and a lack of access to mental health care on the other hand.

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS): State of the Art and Future Directions.

Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is a type of death that occurs suddenly and without any apparent explanation, affecting infants between 28 days of life and up to a year. Recognition of this entity includes performing an autopsy to determine if there is another explanation for the event and performing both an external and internal examination of the different tissues to search for possible histopathological findings. Despite the relative success of awareness campaigns and the implementation of prevention measures, SIDS still represents one of the leading causes of death among infants worldwide. In addition, although the development of different techniques has made it possible to make significant progress in the characterization of the etiopathogenic mechanisms underlying SIDS, there are still many unknowns to be resolved in this regard and the integrative consideration of this syndrome represents an enormous challenge to face both from a point of view scientific and medical view as humanitarian. For all these reasons, this paper aims to summarize the most relevant current knowledge of SIDS, exploring from the base the characterization and recognition of this condition, its forensic findings, its risk factors, and the main prevention measures to be implemented. Likewise, an attempt will be made to analyze the causes and pathological mechanisms associated with SIDS, as well as potential approaches and future paths that must be followed to reduce the impact of this condition.

Tucker3-PCovR: The Tucker3 principal covariates regression model.

In behavioral research, it is very common to have manage multiple datasets containing information about the same set of individuals, in such a way that one dataset attempts to explain the others. To address this need, in this paper the Tucker3-PCovR model is proposed. This model is a particular case of PCovR models which focuses on the analysis of a three-way data array and a two-way data matrix where the latter plays the explanatory role. The Tucker3-PCovR model reduces the predictors to a few components and predicts the criterion by using these components and, at the same time, the three-way data is fitted by the Tucker3 model. Both the reduction of the predictors and the prediction of the criterion are done simultaneously. An alternating least squares algorithm is proposed to estimate the Tucker3-PCovR model. A biplot representation is presented to facilitate the interpretation of the results. Some applications are made to empirical datasets from the field of psychology.