Ehrlichia canis TRP36 diversity in naturally infected-dogs from an urban area of Colombia.

Ehrlichia canis is the etiologic agent of a highly prevalent tick-borne disease, canine monocytic ehrlichiosis (CME). Four defined E. canis genotypes based on the trp36 gene sequences have been reported, three of them identified in North or South America. The diversity of E. canis has been investigated using genetic and serologic approaches based on distinct 36 kDa tandem repeat protein (trp36) gene sequences that have been reported. The main objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of E. canis infection in dogs from Medellín, Colombia by PCR and determine the E. canis diversity using molecular and serologic approaches. Blood was collected from dogs (n = 300) with clinical signs of CME for PCR detection of E. canis 16S rRNA, dsb and trp36 DNA. Phylogenetic analysis of trp36 gene sequences was performed using MEGA. A serological evaluation was performed using immunofluorescence microscopy and ELISA with species-specific peptides from E. canis TRP19 and TRP36 (3 genotypes) and E. chaffeensis (TRP32). E. canis DNA (16S rRNA and/or dsb) was detected in 18 % (53/300) of dogs by PCR amplification. The trp36 gene was amplified and sequenced from 35/53 16S rRNA/dsb PCR positive samples revealing three genotypes: United States (US; n = 21), Costa Rica (CR; n = 11), and Brazil (BR; n = 3). Most dogs (33/35) with detectable trp36 DNA had anti-E. canis TRP19 and TRP36 peptide antibodies that corresponded to the genotype detected by PCR. Dogs that had antibodies to the TRP19 peptide (82/300; 38 %), also had antibodies to one or more genotype-specific TRP36 peptides. Based on TRP36 serology, the dogs exhibited highest frequency of infection with the US genogroup (US = 26), followed by the CR genogroup (CR = 19) and the BR genogroup (BR = 11). Notably, 26/53 trp36 PCR positive dogs had detectable antibodies to multiple E. canis genotypes (US/BR/CR = 8, BR/CR = 7, US/CR = 6 and US/BR = 5) suggesting coinfection or multiple sequential infections with different genotypes. Colombian dogs did not have antibodies to E. chaffeensis as determined by a TRP32 species-specific ELISA. Our results demonstrate the presence of three previously defined genotypes in North and South America in Colombian dogs (US, BR, CR). These results also demonstrate that TRP19 and TRP36 serology can provide valuable information regarding E. canis exposure and the potential genotype(s) involved in infection.

Predictors of students' adjustment during transition to university in Spain.

BACKGROUND: Adjustment to university is a major life transition that not all emerging adults manage successfully. The Student University Adjustment Questionnaire is the instrument most commonly used to evaluate this multidimensional construct. Research in Spain on the predisposing factors for successful adjustment to university in emerging adults is scarce relative to the large number of studies carried out in North America. The objective of the present study was to analyze the association between students’ gender, family background, pre-university achievement and adjustment to university. METHOD: Participants were 300 Spanish first-year students (198 women and 102 men) of mean age 18.02 years. RESULTS: Pre-university achievement was the only significant predictor of academic, social and institutional adjustment. Gender directly affected personal-emotional adjustment and indirectly affected academic adjustment mediated by entry grade. CONCLUSIONS: Students’ entry characteristics predict adjustment to university in the first year. These findings have important theoretical and practical implications.

Feline aortic thromboembolism: first case reported in Colombia / Tromboembolismo aórtico felino: primer caso reportado en Colombia / Tromboembolismo aórtico felino: relato do primeiro caso na Colômbia

Anamnesis and treatment approach: a cross-breed tomcat, 5 years old, with bilateral pelvic limb paresis was treated with saline solution hydration (20 drops/in), tramadol (2 mg/kg IV every 8 h), methylprednisolone succinate (18 mg, every 6 h), dimethyl sulphoxyde (0.36 mg diluted in sodium chloride, twice a day, IV) and ketoprofen (2 mg/kg, every 24 h) with no response to this treatment schedule. Clinical and laboratory findings: according to results of thorax and abdomen radiological tests, coldness in pelvic limbs and lack of bleeding after a deep nail cutting, clinical diagnosis of feline aortic thromboembolism was established and the cat was subjected to euthanasia after informed consent. A hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and thrombus in the lumbar abdominal aorta were found at necropsy. Conclusion: the first case of feline aortic thromboembolism in Colombia is reported and the most relevant findings and treatment schedule are discussed.

Anamnesis y aproximación terapéutica: un felino mestizo de 5 años de edad, con cuadro neurológico fue tratado con solución salina (20 gotas/min), tramadol (2 mg/kg i.v. cada 8 horas), succinato de metilprednisolona (18 mg totales cada 6 horas), dimetilsulfoxido (0.36 mg diluidos en cloruro de sodio cada 12 horas e.v.) y ketoprofeno (2 mg/kg cada 24 horas), sin responder al tratamiento. Hallazgos clinicos y de laboratorio: ante los resultados de las radiografìas de tórax y el abdomen, las extremidades pelvianas frías y el no sangrado ante corte profundo de uña, se estableció el diagnóstico de tromboembolismo aórtico felino. El gato fue sometido a eutanasia previo consentimiento informado. A la necropsia fue hallada una cardiomiopatía hipertrófica y un coágulo en la porción lumbar de la aorta abdominal. Conclusiones: este es el primer reporte de un caso de tromboembolismo felino en Colombia, se discuten los hallazgos clínicos y el esquema de tratamiento más relevante.

Anamnese e abordagem de tratamento: um felino mestiço de 5 anos de idade com quadro neurológico foi tratado com solução salina (20 gotas / min), tramadol (2 mg / kg iv c / 8 horas), succinato de metilprednisolona (18 mg c total / 6 h), sulfóxido de dimetilo (0.36 mg de cloreto de sódio diluído em q12h ev) e cetoprofeno (2 mg / kg C/24 h), não respondendo ao tratamento. Achados clínicos e laboratoriais: com os resultados do exame radiológico de tórax e abdôme, membros pelvianas frios e falta de sangramento ao corte profundo da unha, foi diagnosticado com tromboembolismo aórtico felino. O gato foi eutanasiado prévio consentimento informado. Na necropsia foi encontrada cardiomiopatia hipertrófica e um coágulo na porção lombar da aorta abdominal. Conclusões: Este é o primeiro reporte de tromboembolismo felino na Colômbia, neste artigo se discutem os achados clínicos e o cronograma de tratamento mais relevante.

Nutrición parenteral post-quirúrgica en un paciente canino sometido a corrección de ruptura vesical. Reporte de un caso / Nutrição parenteral pós- cirúrgica num paciente canino submetido a correção de ruptura vesical. Reporte de um caso / Post-surgical parenteral nutrition in a dog whit bladder rupture. A case report

La nutrición parenteral (NP) es la aplicación intravenosa de nutrientes para cubrir los requerimientos nutricionales de un ser vivo. Es utilizada en pacientes que no tienen la vía oral habilitada. En este artículo se presenta un reporte de un canino con ruptura vesical que fue atendido en el Centro de Veterinaria y Zootecnia de la Universidad CES (Medellín, Colombia) la cual se le corrigió quirúrgicamente poniendo un injerto de un fragmento de tejido gástrico. Se aplicó la NP ya que el animal no presentó consumo de alimento por más de 5 días y tenía una pérdida de peso marcada con retraso en la cicatrización y se hacía necesaria una terapia de soporte nutricional. Como complicación se presentó edema del sitio de venopunción al segundo día de aplicación por lo cual se retiró la NP. El edema se resolvió rápidamente sin ninguna otra complicación y con una mejoría notoria del animal. La NP es una excelente herramienta para el soporte clínico de pacientes que no tienen la vía oral habilitada ya que una buena nutrición permite una mejor cicatrización de los tejidos y una mejor inmunocompetencia.

Parenteral nutrition (PN) consists of the application of intravenous nutrients to meet the nutritional requirements of a living being. It is used in patients who do not have the oral route enabled. This paper presents a report of a canine with ruptured bladder that was served at the “Centro de Veterinaria y Zootecnia de la Universidad CES (Medellín, Colombia) which will be corrected surgically placing a graft of a fragment of gastric tissue. NP was applied and that the animal did not provide food consumption by more than 5 days and had lost weight marked with delayed healing and therapy was needed nutritional support. As complication was presented edema venipuncture site on the second day of application for which the NP withdrew. The swelling was resolved quickly without any complication and with a noticeable improvement of the animal. The NP is an excellent tool for the clinical support of patients who do not have enabled the oral route because good nutrition allows for a better healing of tissues and better immune competence.

A nutrição parenteral (NP) é a aplicação intravenosa de nutrientes para preencher as exigências nutricionais de um ser vivo. É utilizada em pacientes onde a via oral não esta habilitada. Neste artigo se apresenta um reporte de um canino com ruptura vesical que foi atendido no Centro de Veterinária e Zootecnia da Universidade CES (Medellín, Colômbia) a qual foi corrigida cirurgicamente colocando um enxerto de um fragmento de tecido gástrico. Foi aplicada a NP já que o animal não apresentou consumo de alimento por mais de 5 dias, tendo uma marcada perda de peso com atraso na cicatrização sendo necessário realizar uma terapia de suporte nutricional. Como complicação se apresentou um edema no lugar da venopunção ao segundo dia de aplicação pelo que se retirou a NP. O edema foi solucionado rapidamente sem nenhuma outra complicação e com melhoria notória do animal. A NP é uma excelente ferramenta no suporte clínico em pacientes que não têm a via oral habilitada já que uma boa nutrição permite a melhor cicatrização dos tecidos e una maior imunocompetência.

Síndrome de médula espinal anclada en un cachorro bulldog inglés. Reporte de un caso / Síndrome de medula amarrada em um cão da raça bulldog inglês. Reporte do caso / Tethered spinal cord syndrome in an english bulldog puppy. A case report

El síndrome de médula espinal anclada es una patología del desarrollo diagnosticada en seres humanos pero de poco reporte en medicina de pequeñas especies animales. En este artículo se presenta un caso de disrafismo espinal, vértebra lumbar supernumeraria, espina bífida con meningocele, médula espinal anclada y seno dermoide en un cachorro de raza bulldog inglés de cuatro meses de edad, que presentó un cuadro clínico de incontinencia fecal, atrofia muscular en miembros pelvianos y ataxia. Se describe el procedimiento diagnóstico, el tratamiento y la evolución clínica del paciente. Con este reporte se pretende que el médico veterinario considere dentro de sus diagnósticos diferenciales la posibilidad de una afección de tipo neurológico cuando el paciente presente signos clínicos tipo incontinencias fecal y urinaria, ataxia y debilidad de miembros pelvianos, en perros de razas con predisposición a sufrir este tipo de síndrome; además, llamar la atención sobre este tipo de patologías que en la mayoría de los casos podrían ser subdiagnosticadas.

Tethered spinal cord syndrome is a developmental disease diagnosed in human but of rare report in small animal practice. In this report a case of spinal disrafism, spina bifida with menyngocele, tethered cord syndrome and dermoid sinus is described in a four months old English bulldog male, that presented a clinical condition of faecal incontinence, muscular atrophy in pelvic limbs and ataxia. The diagnostic procedure, treatment and evolution of the patient are described. The purpose of this report is to provide the practitioner with diagnostic tools to include a neurological entity as a differential diagnosis when attending a patient presenting clinical signs such as fecal and urinary incontinency, ataxia and pelvic limbs debility, in dogs of breeds predisposed to suffering this syndrome; in addition, to highlight this neurological pathologies that could be under diagnosed in most of the cases.

E síndrome de medula amarrada é uma doença diagnosticada em desenvolvimento humano, mas de rara incidência em prática dos pequenos animais. Neste relatório o caso clinica de disrafismos do tubo neural, espinha bífida com meningocele, e síndrome de seios dermoides são descrito em um cão da raça bulldog inglês de quatro meses de idade, que apresentou uma condição clínica de incontinência fecal, atrofia muscular nos membros pélvicos e ataxia. O procedimento diagnóstico, tratamento e evolução do paciente são descritos. O objetivo do presente articule consiste em fornecer o praticante com ferramentas diagnósticas para incluir uma entidade neurológica como um diagnóstico diferencial quando freqüenta um doente apresentar sinais clínicos tais como incontinência fecal e urinária, ataxia e debilidade de membros pélvicos, em cães de raças predispostas a este síndrome; além disso, para destacar estas patologias neurológicas que poderiam estar sob diagnosticada na maioria dos casos.

Role of liver X receptor, insulin and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha on in vivo desaturase modulation of unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis.

We examined the in vivo contribution of insulin, T090137 (T09), agonist of liver X receptor (LXR), fenofibrate, agonist of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR-alpha) and sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) on the unsaturated fatty acid synthesis controlled by Delta6 and Delta5 desaturases, compared with the effects on stearoylcoenzyme A desaturase-1. When possible they were checked at three levels: messenger RNA (mRNA), desaturase protein and enzymatic activity. In control rats, only fenofibrate increased the insulinemia that was maintained by the simultaneous administration of T09, but this increase has no specific effect on desaturase activity. T09 enhanced SREBP-1 in control animals and the mRNAs and activity of the three desaturases in control and type-1 diabetic rats, demonstrating a LXR/SREBP-1-mediated activation independent of insulin. However, simultaneous administration of insulin and T09 to diabetic rats led to a several-fold increase of the mRNAs of the desaturases, suggesting a strong synergic effect between insulin and LXR/retinoic X receptor (RXR). Moreover, this demonstrates the existence of an interaction between unsaturated fatty acids and cholesterol metabolism performed by the insulin/SREBP-1c system and LXR/RXR. PPAR-alpha also increased the expression and activity of the three desaturases independently of the insulinemia since it was equivalently evoked in streptozotocin diabetic rats. Besides, PPAR-alpha increased the palmitoylcoenzyme A elongase, evidencing a dual regulation in the fatty acid biosynthesis at the level of desaturases and elongases. The simultaneous administration of fenofibrate and T09 did not show additive effects on the mRNA expression and activity of the desaturases. Therefore, the results indicate a necessary sophisticated interaction of all these factors to produce the physiological effects.

Infertilidad en una perra con historia de falla reproductiva recurrente asociada con tumor de células de la granulosa / Infertility in a bitch with history of recurrent reproductive failure associated with granulose cell tumor

Una perra de la raza Bulldog fue atendida a los 3 años y 7 meses de edad con la siguiente historia clínica: primer celo a los 17 meses de edad y celos sucesivos en lapsos regulares cada 6 meses, fueinseminada con semen de un macho fértil, con base en el seguimiento por citología o la cuantificación de niveles séricos de progesterona, pero en ninguna ocasión quedó gestante (ecografía negativa entre los días 32 y 36 post-inseminación). Al día 6º del inicio del proestro del quinto celo se hizo examen ecográfico, se halló un quiste de 15 mm de diámetro y engrosamiento del endometrio. La perra fue sometida a laparotomía exploratoria, donde se halló hiperplasia bilateral de la mucosa de las fimbrias (de 10 mm de espesor, aproximadamente), aumento del diámetro de los oviductos y del cuello uterino, estructuras de 6 a 15 mm de diámetro que semejaban folículos en ambos oviductos, algunos translúcidos, unos de aspecto hemorrágico y otros de aspecto blanquecino. En los ovarios se hallaron estructuras compatibles con quistes, una de ellas la que se observó en la ecografía. En la mucosa uterina se hallaron múltiples quistes de 2 a 5 mm de diámetro. Se encontró esplenomegalia de la porción craneal y fibrosis de la porción caudal del bazo. La histopatología reveló una hiperplasia de las glándulas endometriales, engrosamiento de la mucosa del oviducto, salpingitis aguda y aumento de tejido graso de aspecto hemorrágico en el oviducto; en ambos ovarios se hallaron focos múltiples de tumores de células de la granulosa en patrón de células de empalizada (Sertoli) y quístico. En el bazo se halló esplenitis supurativa aguda y esclerosiderosis, un hallazgo compatible con hemorragias esplénicas debidas a estímulo estrogénico persistente. Los hallazgos se discuten en el contexto de una respuestahiperestrogénica asociada con el tumor de las células de la granulosa y su posible relación con la historia de infertilidad en los celos anteriores. De conformidad con la información disponible....

Effects of fenofibrate and insulin on the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids in streptozotocin diabetic rats.

Both insulin and PPAR-alpha up-modulate hepatic Delta9, Delta6 and Delta5 desaturating enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Currently, we have examined for 9 days the independent and simultaneous effects of daily glargine insulin and fenofibrate administration on the insulinemia, glycemia, hepatic acyl-CoA oxidase activity and mRNAs and enzymatic activities of stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD-1) and Delta5 desaturase in streptozotocin diabetic rats. Glargine insulin depressed the hyperglycemia of diabetic rats at 4h, but not after 24h of injection. Fenofibrate increased the radioimmunoreactive insulinemia in non-diabetic rats without changing the glycemia. Insulin increased the mRNAs and activities of SCD-1 and Delta5 desaturase depressed in diabetic rats. Fenofibrate increased acyl-CoA oxidase activity, and the mRNAs and activities of both desaturating enzymes in non-diabetic, diabetic and insulin-treated diabetic rats, but was less effective in the mRNAs modification of diabetic animals. Therefore, insulin, and fenofibrate through PPAR-alpha activation, enhance liver mRNAs and activities of SCD-1 and Delta5 desaturases independently and synergistically through different mechanisms. Insulin and fenofibrate independently increased the 18:1/18:0 ratio in liver lipids, increasing the fluidity of the membranes. The 20:4/18:2 ratio was maintained. Fenofibrate increased palmitic acid, but decreased stearic acid percentage in liver lipids.

Miopericarditis por Brucella / Brucella Myopericarditis

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Desaturase activities in rat model of insulin resistance induced by a sucrose-rich diet.

A sucrose-rich diet, as compared with a similar starch diet, induces a time-dependent typical noninsulin-dependent diabetes syndrome characterized by insulin resistance in rats. Within the first 3 wk, there was glucose intolerance associated with hyperinsulinemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and high plasma FFA. In this study, we examined the effect of the sucrose-rich diet vs. the starch diet during short- (3 wk) and longterm treatment (6 mon) on hepatic delta9, delta6, and delta5 desaturases. These enzymes modulate monounsaturated FA and PUFA biosynthesis, respectively. Sucrose feeding (3 wk) caused an initial hyperinsulinemia that was normalized within 6 mon. In the early period (3 wk), stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD-1) mRNA and activity were decreased, whereas delta6 desaturase mRNA abundance and delta6 and delta5 desaturase activities remained unchanged. After 6 mon of sucrose feeding, activities of the delta9, delta6, and delta5 desaturases were each increased. The SCD-1 and delta6 desaturase mRNA were also correspondingly higher. These increases were consistent with an increase in oleic acid, the 20:4/18:2 ratio, and 22:4n-6 and 22:5n-6 acids in liver and muscle lipids. On the other hand, the percentage of 22:6n-3 acid was decreased. In conclusion, a sucrose-rich diet after 6 mon induces an increase in rat liver SCD-1 and delta6 desaturase mRNA and enzymatic activities that are opposite to the changes reported in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. It appears that neither blood insulin levels nor insulin resistance is a factor affecting the delta9, delta6, and delta5 desaturase changes in mRNA and activity found with the sucrose-rich diet.

Dietary cholesterol modulates delta6 and delta9 desaturase mRNAs and enzymatic activity in rats fed a low-eFA diet.

The effects of a 1% addition of cholesterol to a diet low in EFA on FA desaturases were examined. The administration of cholesterol markedly increased the esterified cholesterol content in microsomes and total liver lipids from the first day, whereas the proportion of free cholesterol remained unaltered throughout the treatment. An excellent homeostasis in the free cholesterol content was apparently evoked by the acyl-CoA cholesterol acyltransferase. The cholesterol esters were mainly oleate, palmitate, and stearate, and the addition of cholesterol increased the relative proportions of cholesterol palmitoleate and oleate. The addition of cholesterol to a low-EFA diet induced, as in animals fed a high-EFA diet, a marked increase in liver stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 mRNA and enzyme activity. This increased activity apparently evoked a similar enhancement of palmitoleic and oleic acids in total and microsomal liver lipids. The cholesterol-rich diet depressed the liver A6 and delta5 desaturase activity. However, the abundance of delta6 desaturase mRNA was not modified throughout the treatment. This indicates that the depressive effect is evoked at a step beyond that controlled by the mRNA level. The depression of both enzymatic activities was consistent with the decrease in the percentages of arachidonic acid and DHA in total and microsomal liver lipids. Taken together, these results indicate that through its modulating effect on the desaturases, dietary cholesterol may lead an animal or human fed low-EFA diet to a true deficiency by the decreased synthesis of the highly polyunsaturated acids derived from linoleic and alpha-linolenic acids.

Biochemistry of the evolution of Triatoma infestans: XII. Biosynthesis and secretion of a Very High Density Lipoprotein

Biosynthetic processes related to the production of an insect hexamerin, very high density lipoprotein (VHDL), have been examined in the fat body of fifth-instar nymph and adult Triatoma infestans. Fat bodies were incubated in vitro with [3H] leucine and the incubation media were precipitated using a specific antiserum. The SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by blotting on nitrocellulose showed that both larval and adult fat body secreted the VHDL subunit. Moreover, the radiolabel recovered in this subunit is indicative of the de novo synthesis. When the incubation medium was subjected to density gradient ultracentrifugation, a radiolabeled fraction was found at density 1.27 g/ml, value identical to the hemolymph circulating VHDL, indicating that the secreted apoprotein is combined with lipids. The SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting of this fraction corroborated the presence of the VHDL-apoprotein. These results demonstrate that the fat body of T. infestans is able to synthesize the protein subunit which is associated to lipids as a lipoprotein particle that is released into the medium as VHDL.

Biochemistry of the evolution of Triatoma infestans: XII. Biosynthesis and secretion of a Very High Density Lipoprotein

Biosynthetic processes related to the production of an insect hexamerin, very high density lipoprotein (VHDL), have been examined in the fat body of fifth-instar nymph and adult Triatoma infestans. Fat bodies were incubated in vitro with [3H] leucine and the incubation media were precipitated using a specific antiserum. The SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by blotting on nitrocellulose showed that both larval and adult fat body secreted the VHDL subunit. Moreover, the radiolabel recovered in this subunit is indicative of the de novo synthesis. When the incubation medium was subjected to density gradient ultracentrifugation, a radiolabeled fraction was found at density 1.27 g/ml, value identical to the hemolymph circulating VHDL, indicating that the secreted apoprotein is combined with lipids. The SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting of this fraction corroborated the presence of the VHDL-apoprotein. These results demonstrate that the fat body of T. infestans is able to synthesize the protein subunit which is associated to lipids as a lipoprotein particle that is released into the medium as VHDL. (AU)

Biochemistry of the evolution of Triatoma infestans: XI. Hemolymph lipophorin

Se aisló y purificó la lipoforina del T.infestans a partir de hemolinfa de machos adultos por ultracentrifugación en gradiente de densidad en dos etapas. Esta lipoproteína tiene una densidad de 1.10 g/ml y está constituida por 53% de proteínas y 47% de lípidos. El radio de Stokes (Rs) de la molécula, determinado por cromatografía de filtración en gel, es aproximadamente de 73A y e;l peso molecular (Mr) calculado por el método de Margolis, es de 743 000 daltons. La lipoforina contiene dos apoproteínas: apolipoforina I (apoLp-I) con Mr = 255 000 y apolipoforina II (apoLp-II) con Mr = 78 000, siendo ambas glicosiladas. La composición de aminoácidos de la apoLp-I y de la apoLp-II presenta un elevado contenido de aspartato, glutamato y leucina y muy pequeña cantidad de metionina y cisteína. Los lípidos de la lipoforina comprenden: diacilgliceroles (41.4% de los lípidos totales), fosfolípidos (31.5%), hidrocarburos (12.2%), ácidos grasos libres (6.1%), colesterol (4.7%) y triacilgliceroles (4.1%). La fosfatidiletanolamina es el fosfolípido predominante con cantidades menores de fosfatidilcolina. Al tratar la lipoforina con tripsina, la apoLp-I sufre ruptura proteolítica, mientras que la apoLp-II es resistente. La anisotropía de fluorescencia del difenilhexatrieno (DPH) incluido en la lipoforina señala una fuerte interacción lípido-apoproteína, la cual no se modifica después de una extensa proteólisis de la apoLp-I con tripsina. Durante la tripsinización de la lipoproteína no se detectó...

Biochemistry of the evolution of Triatoma infestans: XI. Hemolymph lipophorin

Se aisló y purificó la lipoforina del T.infestans a partir de hemolinfa de machos adultos por ultracentrifugación en gradiente de densidad en dos etapas. Esta lipoproteína tiene una densidad de 1.10 g/ml y está constituida por 53% de proteínas y 47% de lípidos. El radio de Stokes (Rs) de la molécula, determinado por cromatografía de filtración en gel, es aproximadamente de 73A y e;l peso molecular (Mr) calculado por el método de Margolis, es de 743 000 daltons. La lipoforina contiene dos apoproteínas: apolipoforina I (apoLp-I) con Mr = 255 000 y apolipoforina II (apoLp-II) con Mr = 78 000, siendo ambas glicosiladas. La composición de aminoácidos de la apoLp-I y de la apoLp-II presenta un elevado contenido de aspartato, glutamato y leucina y muy pequeña cantidad de metionina y cisteína. Los lípidos de la lipoforina comprenden: diacilgliceroles (41.4% de los lípidos totales), fosfolípidos (31.5%), hidrocarburos (12.2%), ácidos grasos libres (6.1%), colesterol (4.7%) y triacilgliceroles (4.1%). La fosfatidiletanolamina es el fosfolípido predominante con cantidades menores de fosfatidilcolina. Al tratar la lipoforina con tripsina, la apoLp-I sufre ruptura proteolítica, mientras que la apoLp-II es resistente. La anisotropía de fluorescencia del difenilhexatrieno (DPH) incluido en la lipoforina señala una fuerte interacción lípido-apoproteína, la cual no se modifica después de una extensa proteólisis de la apoLp-I con tripsina. Durante la tripsinización de la lipoproteína no se detectó... (AU)