[Activity and expression of laccase, tyrosinase, glucanase, and chitinase genes during morphogenesis of Lentinus edodes].

Activation of expression of the lcc4 and tir genes encoding laccase and tyrosinase was observed during transition of a xylotrophic basidiomycete Lentinus edodes from the vegetative to the generative growth stages. This was especially pronounced in the brown mycelial mat (the stage preceding formation of the fruiting bodies). Development of this structure was shown to be associated with a sharp increase of laccase and tyrosinase activities, as well as with rearrangements in the phenol oxidase complex. Formation of the tissues with thickened cell walls was associated with enhanced expression of the chi and exg1 genes encoding chitinase and glucanase, respectively. Exogenous treatment of the vegetative mycelium with laccase preparation from the brown mycelial mat promoted formation of this morphological structure. Activation of the lcc4, tir, chi, and exg1 genes may be used as a marker of readiness to fruition in xylotrophic fungi.

[The effect of topology of quorum sensing-related genes in Pectobacterium atrosepticumon their expression].

In prokaryotic genomes, the neighboring genes are often located on the complementary DNA strands and adjoin each other by their 5'- or 3'-ends or even overlap by their open reading frames. It was suggested that such gene topology hasfunctional purpose providing the regulation of their expression. For those genes that overlap by their coding 3'-termini this assumption has not been confirmed experimentally. In a broad group of bacteria that belong to proteobacteria such a convergent gene arrangement is typical for functionally connected quorum sensing-related genes "P" and "R" that encode synthases of N-acyl homoserine lactones and their sensors, respectively. In the present study on the example of overlapping quorum sensing-related genes of plant pathogenic bacterium Pectobacterium atrosepticum SCRI1043--expI and expR it was shown that the topology of these genes determines the regula- tion of their expression.

[Identification and characterization of non-cultivated forms of enterobacteria Erwinia carotovora in continuously incubated cultures].

AIM: To determine overall number as well as number of viable cells in continuously incubated cultures of E. carotovora by methods of confocal microscopy and quantitative PCR-analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Strain E. carotovora atroseptica SCRI1043 was grown on LB medium to density 2x10(9) CFU/ml. Cells were aggregated by centrifugation and transferred on fresh LB medium, containing alkyloxybenzol, or on the AB medium, which was deficient on phosphorus and carbon. BacLight LIVE/ DEAD kit in combination with confocal laser microscopy as well as quantitative PCR were used for the determination of the number of viable cells. RESULTS: Total number and number of viable cells in cultures on AB medium was high (10() - 10(9) and 10(7) - 10(8) cells/ml respectively) up to 3 - 5 months of cultivation. Though, number of cultivated cells significantly decreased in all variants of the experiment. Number of viable cells in such cultures was several orders greater than genomic copies detected by PCR. Efficacy of DNA amplification increased after dialysis and deproteinization of samples. CONCLUSION: Loss of cultivation ability when number of viable bacteria is high points to possible switch of E. carotovora cells in non-cultivated state under unfavourable conditions. We assume that it is accompanied by formation of low-molecular components and DNA-bound proteins in cells, which inhibit PCR.

[Strategy of treatment of patients with recurrent spontaneous pneumothorax: is active surgical treatment necessary?].

The diagnostic accuracy of computed tomography in treatment of bullous disease as the most frequent cause of recurrent spontaneous pneumothorax was 55.5%, while that of roentgenography was 16%. The recovery of patients with recurrent spontaneous pneumothorax treated by active surgical measures takes place in 85% of cases, while with drainage of the pleural cavity--in 65%.

[The treatment procedure in acute suppurative metapneumonic pleurisy]. / Taktika lecheniia pri ostrom gnoinom metapnevmonicheskom plevrite.

Operative intervention--pleurectomy with resection of the lung within the first 10-20 days from the beginning of the disease was used in 53 patients with acute purulent metapneumonic pleurisy who had no contraindications. Good immediate and long-term results were obtained in 47 patients. Lethality was 3.8%.

[Treatment of acute bilateral suppurative lung diseases complicated by pyopneumothorax]. / Lechenie ostrykh dvustoronnikh nagnoitel'nykh zabolevanii legkikh, oslozhnennykh piopnevmotoraksom.

An analysis of the complex treatment of 33 patients with acute bilateral suppurative diseases of the lungs complicated by pneumothorax has been made. It has been proved that early pleurectomy with resection of the lung is possible in a number of patients with such a pathology. Indications to surgery were established and a comparative analysis of conservative and surgical methods was made.

[Early pleurectomy for acute suppurative pleurisy in high-risk patients]. / Ranniaia plevréktomiia po povodu ostrogo gnoinogo plevrita u bol'nykh s povyshennym riskom.

The results of 73 pleurectomies in complicated acute purulent pleurisy are discussed. Of the operated high risk patients one patient died. Recurrent empyemas were eliminated by means of 2--3 ribs thoracoplasty. The authors believe early pleurectomy to be quite endurable for most patients under conditions of pronounced intoxication and having severe associated diseases. In their opinion, pleurectomy can quickly liquidate the intoxication and favourably influence the development of the disease.