A Randomized Trial of Enteral Glutamine for Treatment of Burn Injuries.

BACKGROUND: Glutamine is thought to have beneficial effects on the metabolic and stress response to severe injury. Clinical trials involving patients with burns and other critically ill patients have shown conflicting results regarding the benefits and risks of glutamine supplementation. METHODS: In a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, we assigned patients with deep second- or third-degree burns (affecting ≥10% to ≥20% of total body-surface area, depending on age) within 72 hours after hospital admission to receive 0.5 g per kilogram of body weight per day of enterally delivered glutamine or placebo. Trial agents were given every 4 hours through a feeding tube or three or four times a day by mouth until 7 days after the last skin grafting procedure, discharge from the acute care unit, or 3 months after admission, whichever came first. The primary outcome was the time to discharge alive from the hospital, with data censored at 90 days. We calculated subdistribution hazard ratios for discharge alive, which took into account death as a competing risk. RESULTS: A total of 1209 patients with severe burns (mean burn size, 33% of total body-surface area) underwent randomization, and 1200 were included in the analysis (596 patients in the glutamine group and 604 in the placebo group). The median time to discharge alive from the hospital was 40 days (interquartile range, 24 to 87) in the glutamine group and 38 days (interquartile range, 22 to 75) in the placebo group (subdistribution hazard ratio for discharge alive, 0.91; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.80 to 1.04; P = 0.17). Mortality at 6 months was 17.2% in the glutamine group and 16.2% in the placebo group (hazard ratio for death, 1.06; 95% CI, 0.80 to 1.41). No substantial between-group differences in serious adverse events were observed. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with severe burns, supplemental glutamine did not reduce the time to discharge alive from the hospital. (Funded by the U.S. Department of Defense and the Canadian Institutes of Health Research; RE-ENERGIZE ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00985205.).

Consenso Paraguayo de Hipertensión Arterial 2015

Este consenso fue ideado por el Director del Programa Nacional de Prevención Cardiovascular del M.S P. y B.S. (Paraguay) a raíz de que se necesitaba un documento actualizado que sirva como guía a los profesionales de la salud de todos los niveles de atención incluyendo a las diferentes especialidades, que tratan la hipertensión arterial y sus complicaciones agudas y crónicas. A través del convenio entre el Programa Nacional de Prevención Cardiovascular y la Sociedad Paraguaya de Cardiología de realizar actualizaciones de las Guías o documentos para difusión de manejo de patologías cardiovasculares y factores de riesgo asociados, se ha decidido elaborar y lanzar este material, que será utilizado como guía oficial en todo el territorio nacional. Con mesas de trabajo de varios días y la colaboración de representantes de sociedades científicas afines y asesores internacionales se ha logrado esta guía. Se presentan recomendaciones para facilitar el manejo de los pacientes con hipertensión arterial y sus complicaciones, con el propósito de disminuir la morbimortalidad cardiovascular. Han sido elaboradas según las evidencias científicas y conocimiento de expertos, con un enfoque práctico y sencillo. Todos los participantes aprobaron las decisiones finales. Los autores reconocen que la publicación y difusión de directrices serán siempre una guía práctica y que permitirá a los médicos ampliar los conocimientos con las recomendaciones propuestas, detectar precozmente el daño de órganos blancos y mejorar la calidad de vida de los pacientes hipertensos.

This consensus was conceived by the Director of the National Program of Cardiovascular Prevention of the M.S P. y B.S. (Ministry of Public Health and Social Welfare, Paraguay) because an updated document was necessary as a guide for health professional of all care levels including different specialties that treat arterial hypertension and its acute and chronic complications. Through this consensus between the National Program of Cardiovascular Prevention and the Paraguayan Cardiology Society of updating Guides or documents for the dissemination of the management of cardiovascular pathologies and associated risk factors it was decided to elaborate and launch this material that will be used as an official guide in the national territory. This guide was achieved after working tables held during several days and the collaboration of representatives of related scientific societies and international advisers. Recommendations for facilitating the management of patients with arterial hypertension and its complications are presented in order to reduce the cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. They have been elaborated according to scientific evidence and knowledge of experts with a practical and simple approach. All the participants approved the final decisions. The authors recognize that the publications and dissemination of guidelines will always be a practical guide that will allow physicians to increase their knowledge with the proposed recommendation in order to early detect the damage of target organs and improve the quality of life of the hypertensive patients.