Contributions of Work-to-Family Enrichment to Parental Food Monitoring and Satisfaction with Food-Related Life during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Dual-Earner Parents and Their Adolescent Children.

Evidence shows that numerous family-related variables influence parents' use of different food parenting practices (FPP), but less is known about the influence of parents' work-related variables on their use of FPP, and their own and their children's outcomes in the food domain. To fill this gap, the present study explored intra-individual and inter-individual effects between work-to-family enrichment (WtoFE), parents' monitoring practices, the adolescent's perception of their parents' monitoring practices, and the three family members' satisfaction with food-related life (SWFoL), in different-sex dual-earner parents with adolescent children. The mediating role of monitoring between WtoFE and SWFoL was also tested. A sample of 430 different-sex dual-earner parents and one of their adolescent children (average age 13.0 years, 53.7% female) were recruited in Rancagua, Chile, during March and June 2020. The three family members answered the monitoring dimension of the Compressive Feeding Practices Questionnaire and the Satisfaction with Food-Related Life Scale. Parents answered a measure of WtoFE based on the Work−Home Interaction Survey. Analyses were conducted using the Actor−Partner Interdependence Model and structural equation modelling. Results showed a positive association between WtoFE and SWFoL, directly (p < 0.001) and through monitoring in fathers (95% confidence interval [0.010, 0.097], actor effect). The father's (p = 0.042) and mother's (p = 0.006) WtoFE was positively associated with their adolescent's SWFoL (partner effects). The father's (p = 0.002) and mother's (p = 0.036) WtoFE were positively associated with their own monitoring (actor effect), while only the father's WtoFE (p = 0.014) was positively associated with the adolescent's perception of their parents' monitoring (partner effect). The father's (p = 0.018) and mother's (p = 0.003) monitoring, as well as the adolescents' perception of their parents' monitoring (p = 0.033), were positively associated with their own SWFoL (actor effects), while the mother's monitoring (p = 0.043) was also associated with the father's SWFoL (partner effects). Findings suggest that both parents' WtoFE improved their monitoring practices, which, in turn, improved their own SWFoL and their adolescent child's SWFoL. Policymakers and organizations must aim to promote the WtoFE of working parents.

Relationships between diet quality, food satisfaction and life satisfaction in mother-adolescent dyads.

This study examined the relationships between diet quality, satisfaction with food-related life and life satisfaction in mother-adolescent dyads. The sample consisted of 470 mother-adolescent dyads in Temuco, Chile. Mothers and adolescents responded to the Adapted Healthy Eating Index, Satisfaction with Life Scale, and the Satisfaction with Food-related Life scale. Data was analyzed using the Actor-Partner Interdependence Model (APIM) and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). Diet quality was associated with satisfaction with food-related life, which related to life satisfaction in mothers and adolescents. We did not find direct relationships between diet quality and life satisfaction for either dyad member. Adolescents' diet quality negatively affected their mothers' satisfaction with food-related life; adolescents' food-related life was positively associated with their mothers' life satisfaction. The mothers' satisfaction with food-related life played a mediating role between their own diet quality and life satisfaction. Mothers and their adolescent children affect one another in their dietary patterns and life satisfaction. Child-to-mother influences on food-related experiences show that adolescents' satisfaction with food-related life improves their own and their mothers' life satisfaction. Interventions to promote healthy eating habits must be addressed to both mothers and their adolescent children.

Parents' Modeling During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Influences on Family Members' Diet Quality and Satisfaction With-Food-Related Life in Dual-Earner Parents With Adolescent Children.

Reciprocal family influences in the food domain have been little explored, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. To fill in this gap, this study explored actor and partner effects between parents' food modeling and parents' and their adolescent children's diet quality and satisfaction with food-related life (SWFoL); and the mediating role of diet quality between modeling and SWFoL. This study used a cross-sectional design. A sample of 430 different-sex dual-earner parents and one adolescent child were recruited in Rancagua, Chile, between March and June 2020. Parents answered the modeling dimension of the Comprehensive Feeding Practices Questionnaire. Parents and adolescents answered the Adapted Healthy Eating Index (AHEI) and the SWFoL Scale. Analyses were conducted using the Actor-Partner Interdependence Model and structural equation modeling. Results showed that one parent's modeling enhanced diet quality for themselves, their partner, and the adolescents. Parents' modeling was associated with their own SWFoL, directly and via their own diet quality. There were positive associations between mothers' modeling and adolescents' SWFoL; between mothers' diet quality and fathers' SWFoL; and between mothers' modeling and fathers' SWFoL via the fathers' diet quality. Parents' modeling can improve the three family members' diet quality, while mothers' modeling and diet quality showed to improve fathers' and adolescents' SWFoL.

Measurement invariance of the comprehensive feeding practices questionnaire in dual-earner parents with adolescent children in Chile.

The Comprehensive Feeding Practices Questionnaire (CFPQ) has been evaluated in international studies, but the evaluation of its psychometric properties in Spanish, and in particular for parents of adolescents is still limited, and the invariance of measurement according to gender has not been evaluated. Therefore, the objectives of this study were: (1) To adapt the five-factor model of the CFPQ instrument to Spanish; (2) To examine the psychometric properties of this adaptation; and (3) To evaluate the measurement invariance of the model to verify the equivalence of measurement of the perceptions of food parenting practices between mothers and fathers belonging to nuclear, dual-earner families with adolescent children. Participants were 946 mothers and fathers from Southern Chile. Results showed that the conceptual equivalence for the CFPQ was achieved. An exploratory factor analysis was performed for a five-factor model: Monitoring, Child control, Restriction for weight control, Modeling and Environment. Horn's parallel analysis identified four factors, while factor loading analysis determined the removal of the environment factor. Confirmatory factor analysis presented good reliability values. Convergent and discriminant validity was confirmed, and medium-to-high levels of goodness of fit were obtained, eliminating two items. Results supported a final model of four factors and 19 items. Multigroup analysis of the measurement model verified the configural and metric invariance between fathers and mothers, while the scalar and strict partial invariance was verified. These findings are a relevant guide to measure factorial scores in the four-factor model of the CFPQ, establishing a characterization of feeding practices of parents and adolescents.

Relationships between diet quality, food satisfaction and life satisfaction in mother-adolescent dyads / Relaciones entre calidad de la dieta, satisfacción con la alimentación y con la vida en díadas madre-adolescente / Relações entre qualidade da dieta, satisfação com a alimentação e satisfação com a vida em pares mãe-adolescente

This study examined the relationships between diet quality, satisfaction with food-related life and life satisfaction in mother-adolescent dyads. The sample consisted of 470 mother-adolescent dyads in Temuco, Chile. Mothers and adolescents responded to the Adapted Healthy Eating Index, Satisfaction with Life Scale, and the Satisfaction with Food-related Life scale. Data was analyzed using the Actor-Partner Interdependence Model (APIM) and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). Diet quality was associated with satisfaction with food-related life, which related to life satisfaction in mothers and adolescents. We did not find direct relationships between diet quality and life satisfaction for either dyad member. Adolescents' diet quality negatively affected their mothers' satisfaction with food-related life; adolescents' food-related life was positively associated with their mothers' life satisfaction. The mothers' satisfaction with food-related life played a mediating role between their own diet quality and life satisfaction. Mothers and their adolescent children affect one another in their dietary patterns and life satisfaction. Child-to-mother influences on food-related experiences show that adolescents' satisfaction with food-related life improves their own and their mothers' life satisfaction. Interventions to promote healthy eating habits must be addressed to both mothers and their adolescent children.

Este estudió examinó las interrelaciones entre calidad de la dieta, satisfacción con la alimentación -relacionada con la vida, y satisfacción con la vida en díadas madre-adolescente. Se reclutó una muestra de 470 díadas madre-adolescente en Temuco, Chile. Las madres y adolescentes respondieron al Índice de Alimentación Saludable Adaptado, Escala de Satisfacción con la Vida, y la Escala de Satisfacción con la Alimentación. Se analizaron los datos usando el Modelo de Interdependencia Actor-Pareja (APIM) y el modelado de ecuaciones estructurales. La calidad de la dieta está asociada con la satisfacción con la alimentación, y la última está asociada con la satisfacción con la vida, en madres y adolescentes. No se encontraron relaciones directas entre la calidad de la dieta y la satisfacción con la vida para ningún miembro de la díada. La calidad de la dieta de los adolescentes tuvo un efecto negativo en la satisfacción con la alimentación de las madres; la satisfacción con la alimentación de los adolescentes estuvo positivamente asociada con la satisfacción con la vida de sus madres. La satisfacción con la alimentación de las madres tuvo un papel mediador entre la calidad de su propia dieta y su satisfacción con la vida. Las madres y sus hijos adolescentes se influencia mutuamente en sus hábitos alimentarios y satisfacción con la vida. Se encontró que las influencias hijo/a-madre tienen un impacto en las experiencias relacionadas con la comida, mostrando que la satisfacción con la alimentación de los adolescentes potencia su propia satisfacción con la vida y la de sus madres. Las intervenciones para promover hábitos saludables en la alimentación deben dirigirse tanto a las madres como a sus hijos adolescentes.

O estudo examinou as interrelações entre qualidade da dieta, satisfação com a alimentação e satisfação com a vida em pares de mães e adolescentes. Foi recrutada uma amostra de 470 pares mãe-adolescente em Temuco, Chile. As mães e adolescentes responderam o questionário do Índice Adaptado de Alimentação Saudável, a Escala de Satisfação com a Vida e a Escala de Satisfação com a Alimentação. Os dados foram analisados com o modelo de interdependência ator-parceiro (APIM) e modelagem de equações estruturais. A qualidade da dieta está associada com a satisfação com a alimentação, e esta está associada com a satisfação com a vida, entre mães e adolescentes. Tanto nas mães quanto nos filhos adolescentes, não foram observadas relações diretas entre qualidade da dieta e satisfação com a vida. A qualidade da dieta dos adolescentes teve um efeito negative sobre a satisfação das mães com a alimentação; a satisfação dos adolescentes com a alimentação esteve associada positivamente à satisfação das mães com a vida. A satisfação das mães com a alimentação teve um papel mediador entre a qualidade de sua própria dieta e a satisfação com a vida. As mães e seus filhos adolescentes afetam uns aos outros nos padrões de dieta e satisfação com a vida. Foram identificadas influências de filho para mãe nas experiências relacionadas à alimentação, o que demonstra que a satisfação dos adolescentes com a alimentação potencializa a satisfação com a vida, tanto deles e quanto de suas mães. Devem ser realizadas intervenções no sentido de promover hábitos alimentares saudáveis entre as mães e seus filhos adolescentes.

Satisfaction with food-related life and life satisfaction: a triadic analysis in dual-earner families.

This study explored the spillover and crossover associations between satisfaction with food-related life and life satisfaction in mothers, fathers and adolescent children in dual-earned families. This is a cross-sectional design study with mothers, fathers and children surveyed in Temuco, Chile. The participants were 303 dual-earner parents and their adolescent children (mean age 13.3 years, 51.5% female). Actor-partner Interdependence Model (APIM) and structural equation modeling were used to explore spillover (actor effect) and crossover (partner effect) associations among family members. As a result, fathers' satisfaction with food-related life was positively associated with their own life satisfaction (p ≤ 0.01), as well as with their partner's (mother's) satisfaction with life (p ≤ 0.05), but not with their adolescent child's life satisfaction (p > 0.1). Mothers and children presented positive spillovers between their own levels of satisfaction with food-related life and life satisfaction (p ≤ 0.01). No crossover effects were found between mothers and children (p > 0.1). This study results underscore the positive association between satisfaction with food-related life and life satisfaction among members of dual-earner families with adolescent children. Special efforts should be made by dual-earner parents to improve the variables related to their satisfaction with food-related life as well as their children's satisfaction.

Satisfaction with food-related life and life satisfaction: a triadic analysis in dual-earner families / Satisfacción con la alimentación y la vida: un análisis triádico en familias con dos fuentes de ingresos / Satisfação com a vida relacionada à alimentação e satisfação com a vida: uma análise triádica em famílias com duas fontes de renda

This study explored the spillover and crossover associations between satisfaction with food-related life and life satisfaction in mothers, fathers and adolescent children in dual-earned families. This is a cross-sectional design study with mothers, fathers and children surveyed in Temuco, Chile. The participants were 303 dual-earner parents and their adolescent children (mean age 13.3 years, 51.5% female). Actor-partner Interdependence Model (APIM) and structural equation modeling were used to explore spillover (actor effect) and crossover (partner effect) associations among family members. As a result, fathers' satisfaction with food-related life was positively associated with their own life satisfaction (p ≤ 0.01), as well as with their partner's (mother's) satisfaction with life (p ≤ 0.05), but not with their adolescent child's life satisfaction (p > 0.1). Mothers and children presented positive spillovers between their own levels of satisfaction with food-related life and life satisfaction (p ≤ 0.01). No crossover effects were found between mothers and children (p > 0.1). This study results underscore the positive association between satisfaction with food-related life and life satisfaction among members of dual-earner families with adolescent children. Special efforts should be made by dual-earner parents to improve the variables related to their satisfaction with food-related life as well as their children's satisfaction.

Este estudio exploró las asociaciones spillover y crossover entre la satisfacción con la alimentación y la vida en madres, padres y niños adolescentes, en familias con dos fuentes de ingresos. El diseño del estudio es transversal con madres, padres y niños, realizado en Temuco, Chile. Los participantes fueron 303 parejas con ingresos (cada uno de los miembros) y sus hijos adolescentes (promedio de edad 13,3 años, 51,5% mujeres). Se utilizó un modelo de interdependencia actor-compañero (Actor-partner Interdependence Model - APIM por sus siglas en inglés) y modelos de ecuación estructural para investigar las asociaciones spillover (efecto actor) y crossover (efecto compañero) entre los miembros de las familias. En los resultados, la satisfacción con la alimentación de los padres estuvo positivamente asociada con su propia satisfacción vital (p ≤ 0,01), al igual con la satisfacción vital de su pareja (la madre, p ≤ 0,05), pero no con la satisfacción con la vida de su hijo adolescente (p > 0,1). Madres e hijos mostraron asociaciones spillover positivas entre sus propios niveles de satisfacción con la alimentación y la satisfacción con la vida (p ≤ 0,01). No hubo efectos crossovers entre madres e hijos (p > 0,1). Los resultados de este estudio destacan la asociación positiva entre la satisfacción con la alimentación y la satisfacción vital entre miembros de familias con dos ingresos e hijos adolescentes. Se deberían realizar esfuerzos especiales en las parejas con ingresos por ambas partes para mejorar las variables relacionadas con su satisfacción con la alimentación, así como también con de su hijos.

Este estudo explorou as associações de spillover e crossover entre a satisfação com a vida relacionada à alimentação e a satisfação com a vida em geral em mães, pais e filhos adolescentes em famílias com duas fontes de renda. O delineamento é de um estudo transversal em mães, pais e filhos em Temuco, Chile. Os participantes eram 303 casais com duas fontes de renda e seus filhos adolescentes (média de idade de 13,3 anos, sendo 51,5% do sexo feminino). Foram usados o Actor-partner Interdependence Model (APIM) e modelagem de equações estruturais para explorar as associações spillover (efeito de ator) e crossover (efeito de parceiro) entre membros da família. Nos resultados, a satisfação do pai com a vida relacionada à alimentação mostrou associação positiva com a satisfação em relação à própria vida (p ≤ 0,01), assim como, com a satisfação da parceira com a vida (a mãe, p ≤ 0,05), mas não com a satisfação do filho adolescente com a vida (p > 0,1). As mães e filhos mostraram desdobramentos positivos entre seus próprios níveis de satisfação com a vida relacionada à alimentação e a satisfação com a vida (p ≤ 0,01). Não foram encontrados efeitos crossovers entre as mães e os filhos (p > 0,1). Os achados do estudo sublinham a associação positiva entre a satisfação com a vida relacionada à alimentação e a satisfação com a vida em geral entre membros de famílias com duas fontes de renda e filhos adolescentes. Os casais com duas fontes de renda devem se esforçar para melhorar as variáveis relacionadas à sua própria satisfação e de seus filhos em relação à alimentação.

Depression and satisfaction in different domains of life in dual-earner families: A dyadic analysis / Depresión y satisfacción en diferentes dominios de la vida en familias con doble ingreso: Un análisis diádico

Abstract This study explored the spillover and crossover associations between depression and satisfaction with life, food-related life, and family life in dual-earner families. Questionnaires were administered to 303 dual-earner couples with adolescent children in Temuco, Chile. Both members of the couple answered the Depression Subscale of the Depression Anxiety and Stress scale - 21, Satisfaction with Life scale, Satisfaction with Food-related Life scale, and the Satisfaction with Family Life scale. Using the actor-partner interdependence model and structural equation modeling, we found that a man's depression was negatively associated with his own levels of satisfaction with life, family life, and food-related life as well as with his partner's (the woman's) levels of satisfaction with life and family life. The woman's depression was negatively associated with her own levels of satisfaction with life, family life, and food-related life as well as with her partner's (the man's) satisfaction with family life, but not with his level of life satisfaction. No crossover effects were found between the two members of the couple's depression and their satisfaction with food-related life. These findings suggest that to enhance overall life satisfaction as well as satisfaction in the family and food domains in dual-earner families, interventions to reduce depression should include both partners.

Resumen Este estudio exploró las asociaciones "spillover" y "crossover" entre la depresión y la satisfacción con la vida, con la alimentación y con la vida familiar en familias con doble ingreso. Se administraron cuestionarios a 303 parejas con doble ingreso e hijos adolescentes en Temuco, Chile. Ambos miembros de las parejas respondieron la subescala de Depresión de la Escala de Depresión, Ansiedad y Estrés - 21, Escala de Satisfacción con la Vida, Escala de Satisfacción con la Alimentación y la Escala de Satisfacción con la Vida Familiar. Usando el modelo de interdependencia actor-compañero y ecuaciones estructurales, se encontró que la depresión en los hombres se asoció negativamente con sus propios niveles de satisfacción con la vida, con la vida familiar y con la alimentación, así como con los niveles satisfacción con la vida y la vida familiar de su pareja (la mujer). La depresión en mujeres se asoció negativamente con sus propios niveles de satisfacción con la vida, con la vida familiar y con la alimentación, así como con la satisfacción de su pareja (el hombre) con la vida familiar, pero no con su nivel de satisfacción con la vida. No se encontraron efectos cruzados entre la depresión los miembros de la pareja y su satisfacción con la alimentación. Estos hallazgos sugieren que para mejorar la satisfacción con la vida en general, así como la satisfacción en los dominios de la familia y la alimentación en familias doble ingreso, las intervenciones para reducir la depresión deben incluir a los dos miembros de la pareja.

University student profiles according to satisfaction with life, food and family / Perfiles de estudiantes universitarios según la satisfacción con la vida, la alimentación y la familia

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to distinguish university student profiles according to life satisfaction and satisfaction with food-related life and family, as well as to determine whether profiles differ in terms of their family support, quality of diet, body mass index (BMI) and socio-demographic characteristics. A questionnaire was applied to a non-probabilistic sample of 370 students of both sexes (mean age 21.1 years, 54.2% female) in Chile, including Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), Satisfaction with Food-related Life (SWFoL) scale, Satisfaction with Family Life (SWFaL) scale, Family Resources Scale (FRS) and the Adapted Healthy Eating Index (AHEI). Three student types were distinguished with significant differences in average values of SWLS, SWFoL and SWFaL scales, z-scores from the intangible resources subscale from the FRS and average AHEI score. These profiles also differed in place of residence, dinner frequency at place of residence and BMI. Higher life satisfaction levels, as well as food-related life satisfaction, family life satisfaction, and intangible family support, were associated with a higher quality diet, lower BMI, living with parents while at university, and having dinner more frequently at home.

RESUMEN El objetivo de este trabajo fue distinguir perfiles de estudiantes universitarios según su nivel de satisfacción con la vida, satisfacción con la alimentación y satisfacción con la vida familiar, y determinar si los perfiles difieren en términos del apoyo familiar, calidad de la dieta, índice de masa corporal y características sociodemográficas. Se aplicó un cuestionario a una muestra no probabilística de 370 estudiantes de ambos sexos (edad promedio 21,1 años; 54,2% mujeres) en Temuco, Chile, incluyendo la Escala de Satisfacción con la Vida (SWLS), Escala de Satisfacción con la Alimentación (SWFoL), Escala de Satisfacción con la Vida Familiar (SWFaL), Escala de Recursos Familiares (FRS) y el Indice de Alimentación Saludable Adaptado (AHEI). Se distinguieron tres tipologías de estudiantes con diferencias significativas en los puntajes promedio de las escalas SWLS, SWFoL, SWFaL, puntajes z de la subescala recursos intangibles de la FRS y en los puntajes promedio del AHEI. Los perfiles también difirieron en el lugar de residencia, frecuencia de cenas en el lugar de residencia y en el índice de masa corporal (IMC). Mayores niveles de satisfacción vital, satisfacción con la alimentación, con la vida familiar y apoyo familiar en recursos intangibles se relacionaron con una dieta de mayor calidad, menor IMC, vivir con los padres durante el periodo de estudios y con una mayor frecuencia de cenas en el hogar.

Weight Fluctuation and Diet Concern Negatively Affect Food-Related Life Satisfaction in Chilean Male and Female Adolescents.

Problematic eating behaviors and obesity are frequent problems encountered during adolescence that may potentially result in psychological, social and physical consequences that may interfere with adolescent development and well-being. The present study evaluates the relationship between satisfaction with food-related life and satisfaction with family life, and their relationship with life satisfaction in male and female adolescents. We explored the relationships between both subscales of the Revised Restraint Scale (RRS), Diet Concern (DC) and Weight Fluctuation (WF) and adolescent life satisfaction as well as satisfaction with food-related life and family life. We also explored the moderating role of socioeconomic status (SES). A questionnaire was applied to a non-probabilistic sample of 470 adolescents (mean age 13.2 years, 52.3% female) in Chile, including the RRS, Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), Satisfaction with Food-related Life (SWL-Food) scale and Satisfaction with Family Life (SWL-Family) scale. Using structural equation modeling, we found that adolescent life satisfaction was related to satisfaction with family life and food-related life in both genders. In male adolescents, a negative relationship was identified between WF and food-related life satisfaction. In contrast, a negative relationship was identified in female adolescents between DC and food-related life satisfaction. DC and WF were not directly related to life satisfaction or to satisfaction with family life in either gender. SES was found to moderate the relationship between food-related life satisfaction and life satisfaction and the relationship between WF and food-related life satisfaction in female adolescents. These findings suggest that reducing DC in female adolescents and reducing WF in male adolescents and female adolescents from higher SES may improve their food-related life satisfaction.

A latent class analysis of family eating habits in families with adolescents.

The objectives of the present study were to identify adolescent classes based on perceptions of their family's eating habits and to determine whether these classes differ in terms of family meal frequency and source, parents and adolescent diet quality, nutritional status, satisfaction with life, family life and food-related life. Questionnaires were administered to a sample of 300 two-parent families with one child between 10 and 17 years in Chile. Questionnaires included the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), the Satisfaction with Food-related Life scale (SWFoL), the Satisfaction with Family Life scale (SWFaL) and the Adapted Healthy Eating Index (AHEI). Adolescents also answered the Family Eating Habits Questionnaire (FEHQ). Latent class (LC) analysis was used to estimate the number of classes associated with the adolescent's perceptions about their family's eating habits, based on the three factors detected in the FEHQ. The LC analysis yielded three classes: "medium cohesion around family meals/healthy food-related parenting practices" (Class 1, 50.4%), "high cohesion around family meals/healthy food-related parenting practices" (Class 2, 25.9%) and "high cohesion around family meals/unhealthy food-related parenting practices" (Class 3, 23.7%). Classes also differed in the adolescents AHEI score, frequency and source of family meals; body mass index, SWLS and SWFaL scores in mothers, fathers and adolescents, adolescent sex and household financial situation. These findings suggest that frequent and cohesive family meals improve the well-being in both parents and adolescents, but are not enough to achieve healthier diets and weight statuses in adolescents.

Life, Family and Food Satisfaction in University Students / Satisfacción con la vida, la familia y la alimentación en estudiantes universitarios

Abstract This study assesses the relationship between food satisfaction and family satisfaction and their relationships to university student life satisfaction, while also exploring the moderating role of the place of student residence, student self-health perception and the importance students assign to food in relation to well-being. A survey was applied to a convenience sample of 269 university students. The questionnaire included: the Satisfaction with Life Scale, Satisfaction with Food-related Life, the family subscale of the Multidimensional Students' Life Satisfaction Scale and the first item of the Health-related Quality of Life Index. Having controlled for gender and socioeconomic status, it was found that a student's life satisfaction was significantly related to food satisfaction and, to a lesser extent, family satisfaction. Food satisfaction was positively and significantly related to family satisfaction. A moderating role of student residence was not found. Student health self-perception was found to moderate the relationship between family and life satisfaction, whereas the importance assigned to food in relation to well-being was found to moderate the relationship between food and student life satisfaction. These findings suggest that, in order to increase student life satisfaction, it is important to improve family satisfaction for those students who have a negative health self-perception. Likewise, improving food satisfaction is relevant for those students who gave low importance to food in regard to their well-being.

Resumen El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la relación entre la satisfacción con la alimentación y la satisfacción familiar, sus relaciones con la satisfacción con la vida de estudiantes universitarios y explorar el rol moderador del lugar donde el estudiante vive, su autopercepción de la salud y de la importancia asignada a la alimentación para el bienestar. Se aplicó una encuesta a una muestra por conveniencia de 269 estudiantes universitarios. El cuestionario incluyó la Escala de Satisfacción con la Vida, Satisfacción con la Alimentación, la subescala de Familia de la Escala Multidimensional de Satisfacción con la Vida de Estudiantes y el primer ítem del Índice de Calidad de Vida Relacionado con la Salud. Habiendo controlado por género y nivel socioeconómico, se encontró que la satisfacción con la vida del estudiante se relacionó significativamente con la satisfacción con la alimentación y, en menor medida, con su satisfacción familiar. La satisfacción con la alimentación se relacionó positiva y significativamente con la satisfacción familiar. No se encontró un rol moderador del lugar donde el estudiante vive. La autopercepción de salud del estudiante moderaría la relación entre la satisfacción con la vida y la familia, mientras la importancia asignada a la alimentación para el bienestar moderaría la relación entre la satisfacción con la vida y la alimentación. Estos resultados sugieren que para incrementar la satisfacción con la vida de los estudiantes, es importante mejorar la satisfacción con la familia en los estudiantes que tienen una mala autopercepción de salud, mientras que mejorar la satisfacción con la alimentación es relevante en los estudiantes que asignan baja importancia a la alimentación para su bienestar.

Maternal Food-Related Practices, Quality of Diet, and Well-Being: Profiles of Chilean Mother-Adolescent Dyads.

OBJECTIVE: To identify mother-adolescent dyad profiles according to food-related parenting practices and to determine differences in diet quality, family meal frequency, life satisfaction, and sociodemographic characteristics. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: Mothers and children were surveyed in their homes or at schools in Temuco, Chile. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 300 mothers (average age, 41.6 years) and their adolescent children (average age, 13.2 years; 48.7% female). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Maternal feeding practices using the abbreviated Family Food Behavior Survey (AFFBS), life satisfaction, food-related and family life satisfaction, diet quality, and eating habits. ANALYSIS: Principal component factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were used to verify Family Food Behavior Survey components in mother and adolescent subsamples. Hierarchical cluster analysis was used to identify profiles. RESULTS: Three AFFBS components were detected: maternal control of child snacking behavior, maternal presence during eating, and child involvement in food consumption. Cluster analysis identified 3 mother-adolescent dyad profiles with different food-related parenting practices (P ≤ .001), mother (P ≤ .05) and child (P ≤ .001) diet quality, frequency of shared family meals (P ≤ .001), and mother (P ≤ .001) and child (P ≤ .05) life satisfaction levels. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Results indicated that maternal well-being increased with an increased frequency of shared mealtime. Significantly, in contrast to the findings of previous studies, greater control over child eating habits was shown to affect adolescent well-being positively. These findings, among others, may contribute to the development of strategies for improving diet quality, overall well-being, and well-being in the food and family domains for all family members.

Life Satisfaction of University Students in Relation to Family and Food in a Developing Country.

Life satisfaction and satisfaction with food-related life (SWFoL) are associated with healthy eating habits, family interaction around eating and family support. The present study evaluates the relationship between SWFoL and satisfaction with family life (SWFaL), and their relationship with life satisfaction in university students. We identify the relationship of two different types of family support and student SWFaL and explore a moderator effect of gender. A questionnaire was applied to a non-probabilistic sample of 370 students of both genders (mean age 21 years) in Chile, including Satisfaction with Life Scale, SWFoL scale, SWFaL scale, and the Family Resources Scale. Using structural equation modeling, we found that students' life satisfaction was related to SWFaL and food-related life. A high positive relationship was identified between intangible family support and students' SWFaL, which would have a mediating role between intangible support and life satisfaction. Using multi-group analysis, a moderator effect of gender was not found. These findings suggest that improving SWFoL, SWFaL and intangible family support is important for both female and male students.

Cross-cultural measurement invariance in the satisfaction with food-related life scale in older adults from two developing countries.

BACKGROUND: Nutrition is one of the major determinants of successful aging. The Satisfaction with Food-related Life (SWFL) scale measures a person's overall assessment regarding their food and eating habits. The SWFL scale has been used in older adult samples across different countries in Europe, Asia and America, however, there are no studies that have evaluated the cross-cultural measurement invariance of the scale in older adult samples. Therefore, we evaluated the measurement invariance of the SWFL scale across older adults from Chile and Ecuador. METHODS: Stratified random sampling was used to recruit a sample of older adults of both genders from Chile (mean age = 71.38, SD = 6.48, range = 60-92) and from Ecuador (mean age = 73.70, SD = 7.45, range = 60-101). Participants reported their levels of satisfaction with food-related life by completing the SWFL scale, which consists of five items grouped into a single dimension. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to examine cross-cultural measurement invariance of the SWFL scale. RESULTS: Results showed that the SWFL scale exhibited partial measurement invariance, with invariance of all factor loadings, invariance in all but one item's threshold (item 1) and invariance in all items' uniqueness (residuals), which leads us to conclude that there is a reasonable level of partial measurement invariance for the CFA model of the SWFL scale, when comparing the Chilean and Ecuadorian older adult samples. The lack of invariance in item 1 confirms previous studies with adults and emerging adults in Chile that suggest this item is culture-sensitive. We recommend revising the wording of the first item of the SWFL in order to relate the statement with the person's life. CONCLUSIONS: The SWFL scale shows partial measurement invariance across older adults from Chile and Ecuador. A 4-item version of the scale (excluding item 1) provides the basis for international comparisons of satisfaction with food-related life in older adults from developing countries in South America.

Food neophobia, life satisfaction and family eating habits in university students.

The aim of this study was to categorize university students based on their association between food neophobia and levels of subjective well-being, in general and in the food domain, and their perception of their family's eating habits. A survey was conducted among 372 university students from southern Chile. The questionnaire included the Food Neophobia Scale (FNS), Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), Satisfaction with Food-related Life (SWFL), Health-related Quality of Life Index (HRQOL-4), and Family Eating Habits Questionnaire (FEHQ). Three student types were distinguished by cluster analysis: Group 1 (26.9%) had the highest scores on the FNS, SWLS and SWFL. Group 2 (40.8%) had a high score on the FNS but the lowest scores on the SWLS and SWFL. Group 3 (32.3%) had the lowest FNS score and high scores on the SWLS and SWFL. Group 2 stood out in having a low score on the FEHQ's component for cohesiveness of family eating. These results suggest that both neophobic and non-neophobic students have positive levels of satisfaction with life and food-related life, and that satisfaction among neophobic students is related to family eating patterns, especially cohesiveness in family eating.

Food neophobia, life satisfaction and family eating habits in university students / Neofobia alimentar, satisfação com a vida e hábitos alimentares familiares entre estudantes universitários / Neofobia alimentaria, satisfacción con la vida y hábitos alimentarios familiares entre estudiantes universitarios

Abstract: The aim of this study was to categorize university students based on their association between food neophobia and levels of subjective well-being, in general and in the food domain, and their perception of their family's eating habits. A survey was conducted among 372 university students from southern Chile. The questionnaire included the Food Neophobia Scale (FNS), Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), Satisfaction with Food-related Life (SWFL), Health-related Quality of Life Index (HRQOL-4), and Family Eating Habits Questionnaire (FEHQ). Three student types were distinguished by cluster analysis: Group 1 (26.9%) had the highest scores on the FNS, SWLS and SWFL. Group 2 (40.8%) had a high score on the FNS but the lowest scores on the SWLS and SWFL. Group 3 (32.3%) had the lowest FNS score and high scores on the SWLS and SWFL. Group 2 stood out in having a low score on the FEHQ's component for cohesiveness of family eating. These results suggest that both neophobic and non-neophobic students have positive levels of satisfaction with life and food-related life, and that satisfaction among neophobic students is related to family eating patterns, especially cohesiveness in family eating.

Resumen: El objetivo fue categorizar a los estudiantes universitarios en base a la asociación entre la neofobia alimentaria y los niveles de bienestar subjetivo general (y específico del dominio alimentario), además de la percepción de los estudiantes, en relación con los hábitos alimentarios de la familia. Se realizó una encuesta entre 372 universitarios del sur de Chile. El cuestionario incluyó la Food Neophobia Scale (FNS), Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), Satisfaction with Food-related Life (SWFL), Health-related Quality of Life Index (HRQOL-4) y Family Eating Habits Questionnaire (FEHQ). El análisis de clústeres distinguió tres tipos de universitarios: el grupo 1 (26,9%) obtuvo las puntuaciones más altas en la FNS, SWLS y SWFL. El grupo 2 (40,8%) tuvo una puntuación alta en la FNS, aunque con puntuaciones más bajas en la SWLS y SWFL. El grupo 3 (32,3%) tuvo la FNS más baja y puntuaciones altas en la SWLS y SWFL. El grupo 2 se destacó por tener una puntuación baja en el componente del FEHQ, referente a la cohesión de la alimentación familiar. Los resultados sugieren que estudiantes neofóbicos y no-neofóbicos tienen niveles positivos de satisfacción con la vida, y con la vida relacionada con la alimentación, y que la satisfacción entre estudiantes neofóbicos está relacionada con los patrones alimentarios de la familia, sobre todo con la cohesión de la alimentación familiar.

Resumo: Objetivou-se categorizar os estudantes universitários com base na associação entre a neofobia alimentar e níveis de bem-estar subjetivo geral (e específico ao domínio alimentar), além da percepção dos estudantes em relação aos hábitos alimentares da família. Foi realizado um inquérito entre 372 universitários do Sul do Chile. O questionário incluiu a Food Neophobia Scale (FNS), Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), Satisfaction with Food-related Life (SWFL), Health-related Quality of Life Index (HRQOL-4) e Family Eating Habits Questionnaire (FEHQ). A análise de clusters distinguiu três tipos de universitários: o grupo 1 (26,9%) obteve as pontuações mais altas na FNS, SWLS e SWFL. O grupo 2 (40,8%) teve pontuação alta na FNS, porém as pontuações mais baixas na SWLS e SWFL. O grupo 3 (32,3%) teve a FNS mais baixa e pontuações altas na SWLS e SWFL. O Grupo 2 se destacou por ter pontuação baixa no componente do FEHQ referente à coesão da alimentação familiar. Os resultados sugerem que estudantes neofóbicos e não-neofóbicos têm níveis positivos de satisfação com a vida, e com a vida relacionada à alimentação, e que a satisfação entre estudantes neofóbicos está relacionada aos padrões alimentares da família, sobretudo à coesão da alimentação familiar.

[Not Available]. / Hábitos de alimentación familiar, apoyo familiar y bienestar subjetivo en estudiantes universitarios en Chile.

Objetivo: caracterizar tipologías de estudiantes universitarios según la percepción de los hábitos alimentarios de sus familias. Material y método: se aplicó un cuestionario a una muestra no probabilística de 372 estudiantes de ambos géneros de la Universidad de La Frontera, Chile. El instrumento incluyó: cuestionario de Hábitos Alimentarios Familiares (FEHQ), Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), Satisfaction with Food-related Life (SWFL) y la Escala de Recursos Familiares (FRS). Se consultó peso y estatura aproximada, así como variables sociodemográficas. Resultados: mediante análisis factorial exploratorio (AFE) se detectaron tres factores en el FEHQ: importancia de la alimentación para los miembros de la familia, cohesión en las comidas familiares y presión por comer. Mediante AFE se detectaron dos factores en la FRS: apoyo intangible y tangible. Mediante análisis factorial confirmatorio se validó la estructura del FEHQ y de la FRS con aceptables niveles de bondad de ajuste. Mediante análisis clúster se distinguieron cuatro tipologías que difirieron significativamente en las puntuaciones de los componentes del FEHQ y de la FRS, puntajes de la SWLS y SWFL, índice de masa corporal, género y nivel socioeconómico. Las tipologías con mayores puntuaciones en "cohesión en las comidas familiares" reportan mayor apoyo intangible de sus familias y superiores puntuaciones en la SWLS y SWFL. Conclusiones: los resultados muestran que la frecuencia y la importancia asignada a las comidas en familia se asocian positivamente con el apoyo familiar percibido, especialmente en recursos intangibles, así como también con la satisfacción global con la vida y en el dominio de la alimentación.

Dietary restraint and self-discrepancy in male university students.

Self-discrepancy describes the distance between an ideal and the actual self. Research suggests that self-discrepancy and dietary restraint are related, causing a significant impact on the person's well-being. However, this relationship has been mostly reported in female and mixed populations. In order to further explore dietary behaviors and their relations to self-discrepancy and well-being-related variables in men, a survey was applied to a non-probabilistic sample of 119 male students from five Chilean state universities (mean age=21.8, SD=2.75). The questionnaire included the Revised Restraint Scale (RRS) with the subscales weight fluctuations (WF) and diet concern (DC), the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), the Satisfaction with Food-Related Life Scale (SWFL), the Nutrition Interest Scale (NIS), and the Self-discrepancy Index (SDI). Questions were asked about socio-demographic characteristics, eating and drinking habits, and approximate weight and height. A cluster analysis applied to the Z-scores of the RRS classified the following typologies: Group 1 (22.7%), men concerned about weight fluctuations; Group 2 (37.0%), men concerned about diet and weight fluctuations; Group 3 (40.3%), unconcerned about diet and weight fluctuations. The typologies differed in their SDI score, restriction on pastry consumption and reported body mass index (BMI). Students with higher DC and WF scores had a higher BMI, and tended to report high self-discrepancy not only on a physical level, but also on social, emotional, economic and personal levels. This study contributes to the literature on subjective well-being, dietary restraint and self-discrepancy in men from non-clinical samples.

Relationship between the domains of the Multidimensional Students' Life Satisfaction Scale, satisfaction with food-related life and happiness in university students.

AIM: To characterize types of university students based on satisfaction with life domains that affect eating habits, satisfaction with food-related life and subjective happiness. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A questionnaire was applied to a nonrandom sample of 305 students of both genders in five universities in Chile. The questionnaire included the abbreviated Multidimensional Student's Life Satisfaction Scale (MSLSS), Satisfaction with Food-related Life Scale (SWFL) and the Subjective Happiness Scale (SHS). Eating habits, frequency of food consumption in and outside the place of residence, approximate height and weight and sociodemographic variables were measured. RESULTS: Using factor analysis, the five-domain structure of the MSLSS was confirmed with 26 of the 30 items of the abbreviated version: Family, Friends, Self, Environment and University. Using cluster analysis four types of students were distinguished that differ significantly in the MSLSS global and domain scores, SWFL and SHS scores, gender, ownership of a food allowance card funded by the Chilean government, importance attributed to food for well-being and socioeconomic status. CONCLUSIONS: Higher levels of life satisfaction and happiness are associated with greater satisfaction with food-related life. Other major life domains that affect students' subjective well-being are Family, Friends, University and Self. Greater satisfaction in some domains may counterbalance the lower satisfaction in others.

Objetivo: caracterizar tipologías de estudiantes universitarios según la satisfacción en dominios de la vida que afectan a los hábitos alimentarios, satisfacción con la alimentación y nivel de felicidad subjetiva. Material y método: se aplicó un cuestionario a una muestra no probabilística de 305 estudiantes de ambos géneros de cinco universidades de Chile. El cuestionario incluyó: Escala Multidimensional de Satisfacción con la Vida para Estudiantes (MSLSS) abreviada, Satisfacción con la Alimentación (SWFL) y la Escala de Felicidad Subjetiva (SHS). Se consultaron hábitos de consumo de alimentos, frecuencia de comidas dentro y fuera del lugar de residencia, peso y estatura aproximada y variables sociodemográficas. Resultados: mediante análisis factorial se confirmó la estructura de cinco dominios de la MSLSS, con 26 de los 30 ítems de la versión abreviada: Familia, Amigos, Sí mismo, Entorno de vida y Universidad. Mediante análisis clúster se distinguieron cuatro tipologías que difirieron significativamente en los puntajes de los dominios de la MSLSS y en su puntaje global, en los puntajes de la SWFL, SHS, género, contar con una tarjeta de alimentación financiada por el Estado chileno, importancia asignada a la alimentación para el bienestar personal y nivel socioeconómico. Conclusiones: mayores niveles de satisfacción con la vida y de felicidad se asocian con una mayor satisfacción con la alimentación. Otros dominios importantes que afectan al bienestar subjetivo de los estudiantes corresponden a la familia, los amigos, la universidad y el sí mismo. La mayor satisfacción en unos dominios compensaría la menor satisfacción en otros.