Optimizing Caco-2 cell monolayers to increase throughput in drug intestinal absorption analysis.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this investigation was to evaluate methods for increasing Caco-2 cell throughput for assessing drug intestinal absorption. The use of 6-, 12-, and 24-well membranes and the effect of membrane size on permeability and the integrity of the Caco-2 cell monolayer were assessed. In an effort to optimize the assessment of drug permeability, increased throughput was investigated by testing compounds singly or as mixtures of analytes. METHOD: The transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) of cell monolayers was measured on 0.33, 1.0, and 4.7 cm2 polycarbonate membranes using EVOM, over a 25-day period. Absorptive transport was determined on all compounds tested using LC-MS/MS assays, or liquid scintillation spectrometry. RESULTS: The effect of multiple compounds in one well compared to single compounds was assessed with atenolol, nadolol, metoprolol, and propranolol for mixtures of four compounds and with RWJ-53308, atenolol, terbutaline, propranolol, naproxen, piroxicam, topiramate, and furosemide for mixtures of eight compounds. The apparent permeability (Papp) values correlated well between single analytes and mixtures of four and eight analytes in each well. Drug permeability decreased slightly with an increase in well size. The TEER value increased with the number of days in culture for each of the 6-, 12-, and 24-well sizes. DISCUSSION: It was demonstrated that the 24-well format system is ideal for high-throughput assessment. Furthermore, the approach of mixing four or eight analytes in each well to further increase throughput was also demonstrated to be valid.

[Two cases of the giant ovarian cysts treated surgically]. / Dwa przypadki olbrzymiej torbieli jajnika operowane na oddziale chirurgicznym.

The author presents two cases of the giant ovarian cysts, treated surgically. Diagnosis was based on the clinical examination and ultrasonography. Very large size suggested a malignant character but histological examination has shown that both cysts were benign.

[Diagnostic difficulties in recognizing partial intestinal occlusion]. / Trudnosci diagnostyczne w rozpoznaniu niecalkowitej niedroznosci jelita cienkiego.

The authors present a cases of intestinal occlusion ileus, which lasted more than 10 months. Diagnostic difficulties were caused by atypical course of a diseases. Authors emphasize the role of follow-up barium study in the process of reaching the diagnosis in patients with the suspicion of the ileus.

[The effect of substance P on collagen concentration in rat colon]. / Wplyw substancji P na zawartosc kolagenu w jelicie grubym szczura.

Anastomotic leakage is the main reason of high mortality in colorectal surgery. The healing of anastomosis is predominantly derived from collagen fibrils. Substance P causes the proliferation of fibroblasts and connective tissue. The effect of SP on postoperative changes of collagen concentration was measured around the anastomotic side in rats. The studies shows, that SP induces a significant decrease in collagen synthesis in colon.

[Head injuries and alcohol--social and economic costs]. / Urazy glowy a alkohol--koszty spoleczne i ekonomiczne.

The authors tried to calculate the costs due to head trauma in drunkard s hospitalized in Lódz. An analysis included: costs of the hospitalization, reimbursements, additional costs of the neurological and surgical management, and costs Emergency Service (ambulances). It was found that Lódz inhabitants pay annually nearly 7 billion Zloty. The authors suggest that actual regulations concerning free health care should be modified in case of alcoholics. Such patients should bear all costs related to their transport to the hospitals, treatment and additional tests.

[The value of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of traumatic liver injuries]. / Wartosc badania ultrasonograficznego w diagnostyce zmian urazowych watroby.

The dramatic advances in ultrasonography has opened new diagnostic possibilities making possible assessment of the internal structure of parenchymal organs. Two cases of traumatic liver rupture are described, one was found accidentally, in the second case USG protected the patient from undergoing exploratory laparotomy. In view of the simplicity, speed and complete safety of the method it is a very useful diagnostic procedure helping in correct diagnosis.

[Preliminary results of studies on the incidence, causes and effects of accidents at work in the Belchatów Industrial District. II. Indirect causes of accidents at work]. / Wstepne wyniki badan nad czestoscia, przyczynami i skutkami wypadków prazy pracy w Belchatowskim Okregu Przemyslowym. II. Posrednie przyczyny wypadków przy pracy.

The work is a continuation of studies of accidents at work at the Belchatów Industrial District. Analysed have been indirect factors causing accidents at work. Those factors were found to cause accidents much more often than the direct ones. They are particularly significant for young workers. The season, month, day of month, consecutive working hour and climate did not significantly affect the frequency of accidents.

[Preliminary results of studies on the incidence, causes and effects of occupational accidents in the Belchatów Industrial Region. III. Health effects of occupational accidents]. / Wstepne wyniki badan nad czestoscia, przyczynami i skutkami wypadków przy pracy w Belchatowskim Okregu Przemyslowym. Czesc III. Medyczne skutki wypadków przy pracy.

Health effects of accidents at work at the Belchatów Industrial District have been investigated. Most injuries due to accidents have been bruises, wounds and bone fractures of upper and lower limbs. Much less frequent, as compared to other industrial plants, are injuries of head, chest and abdomen. The causes of those injuries have been discussed. In addition, the activities of occupational health services have been analysed.

[Preliminary results of studies of the incidence, causes and effects of occupational accidents in the Belchatow Industrial District. I. Direct causes of occupational accidents]. / Wstepne wyniki badan nad czestoscia przyczynami i skutkami wypadków przy pracy w Belchatowskim Okreegu Przemyslowym. Czesc I. Bezposrednie przyczyny wypadków Przy pracy.

The work has been aimed at an analysis of accidents at work occurring throughout 1981-1982 at the Belchatów Industrial District. The most common causes of accidents at work have been direct factors resulting mainly from workers' inadvertence or recklessness, improper performance of occupational tasks, lack of appropriate tools, and settlement of private affairs at work. The incidence of accidents at work might be reduced by compliance with safety-and-hygiene-of-work rules, better supervision, work organization and efficient working tools.