A network pharmacological study to unveil the mechanisms of xianlinggubao capsule in the treatment of osteoarthritis and osteoporosis.

Introduction: Xianlinggubao (XLGB) capsule is a traditional Chinese medicine, which is approved by the Chinese State Food and Drug Administration (CFDA) for osteoarthritis (OA) and osteoporosis (OP). However, as a capsule with complex ingredients, the molecular mechanisms supporting the therapeutic effects have not been explored. Material and methods: A network pharmacology-based approach was conducted to explore the complex interactome among the targets of the XLGB active compounds. Results: The herbs in the capsule contain 41 compounds with 246 high score targets, which cover four known OA targets (PTGS1, PTGS2, PTGER4 and TNF) and six known OP targets (AR, ESR1, PGR, PTGER2, TNFSF11 and VDR) of FDA-approved drugs or drugs undergoing clinical trials. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of the 246 targets had six key modules. Among the six modules, neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, cAMP signaling pathway and calcium signaling pathway are the key pathways, which are all closely associated with the degeneration of joint cartilage and bone formation and resorption. Conclusions: Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, cAMP signaling pathway, and calcium signaling pathway might be the critical pathways upon which the capsule might act. The present study laid down a foundation to understand the molecular mechanisms of the XLGB capsule and also provided fundamental information for better improvement of the drug with the concept "less herbal materials for achieving equal treatment efficacy".

[Comparison of Clinical Effects of Cortical Bone Trajectory Screws and Traditional Pedicle Screws in Posterior Lumbar Fusion]. / è °æ¤ŽåŽè·¯èžåˆæœ¯ä¸­çš®è´¨éª¨è½¨è¿¹èžºé’‰å’Œä¼ ç»Ÿæ¤Žå¼“æ ¹èžºé’‰çš„ä¸´åºŠæ•ˆæžœæ¯”è¾ƒ.

Objective: To compare the clinical effects of cortical bone trajectory screws and traditional pedicle screws in posterior lumbar fusion. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted to analyze lumbar degeneration patients who underwent surgical treatment at our hospital between January 2016 and January 2019. A total of 123 patients who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled. The subjects were divided into two groups according to their surgical procedures and the members of the two groups were matched by age, sex, and the number of fusion segments. There were 63 patients in the traditional pedicle screws (PS) group and 60 in the cortical bone trajectory screws (CBTS) group. The outcomes of the two groups were compared. The primary outcome measures were perioperative conditions, including operation duration, estimated intraoperative blood loss (EBL), and length-of-stay (LOS), visual analog scale (VAS) score, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) score, and interbody fusion rate. The secondary outcome measures were the time to postoperative ambulation and the incidence of complications. VAS scores and ODI scores were assessed before operation, 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, and 12 months after operation, and at the final follow-up. The interbody fusion rate was assessed in 1 year and 2 years after the operation and at the final follow-up. Results: The CBTS group showed a reduction in operation duration ([142.8±13.1] min vs. [174.7±15.4] min, P<0.001), LOS ([9.5±1.5] d vs. [12.0±2.0] d, P<0.001), and EBL ([194.2±38.3] mL vs. [377.5±33.1] mL, P<0.001) in comparison with the PS group. The VAS score for back pain in the CBTS group was lower than that in the PS group at 1 week and 1 month after operation and the ODI score in the CBTS group was lower than that in the PS group at 1 month after operation, with the differences being statistically significant (P<0.05). At each postoperative time point, the VAS score for leg pain and the interbody fusion rate did not show significant difference between the two groups. The VAS score for back and leg pain and the ODI score at each time point after operation in both the CBTS group and the PS group were significantly lower than those before operation (P<0.05). No significant difference was found in the time to postoperative ambulation or the overall complication incidence between the two groups. Conclusion: The CBTS technique could significantly shorten the operation duration and LOS, reduce EBL, and achieve the same effect as the PS technique does in terms of intervertebral fusion rate, pain relief, functional improvement, and complication incidence in patients undergoing posterior lumbar fusion.

The temporal and spatial relationship between percutaneous vertebral augmentation and new symptomatic fractures.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to explore the relationship between the time from percutaneous vertebral augmentation (PVA) until subsequent fracture and the risk of new symptomatic fractures (NSFs) in untreated vertebrae at different distances from "augmented vertebrae". METHODS: Patients who underwent PVA for the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures at the West China Hospital of Sichuan University from May 2014 to April 2019 were retrospectively recruited. Vertebrae not treated during PVA were stratified based on their distance from the nearest augmented vertebra and the time elapsed since PVA. Survival curves were plotted to compare the risk of NSFs in untreated vertebrae at different distances from augmented vertebrae. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to identify risk factors of NSFs in untreated vertebrae. RESULTS: total, 162 patients with 228 NSFs (2.760 vertebrae) were analyzed. More than half of the NSFs (56.6%) occurred within the first year after PVA. Rates and hazard ratios (HRs) of NSFs were higher in vertebrae located one segment away from the augmented vertebrae (21.0%, HR: 3.99, P < 0.001), two segments away (10.6%, HR: 1.97, P = 0.003), or three segments away (10.5%, HR: 2.26, P < 0.001) than in vertebrae located five or more segments away (3.81%, HR: 1.00). Similar results were observed regardless of whether the untreated vertebrae were located in the thoracolumbar junction. In addition to distance, other risk factors of NSFs were the thoracolumbar location of untreated vertebrae, the number of augmented vertebrae, and percutaneous vertebroplasty. CONCLUSION: The risk of NSFs is greater for untreated vertebrae located closer to augmented vertebrae than for untreated vertebrae further away. This distance dependence occurs mainly within the three segments closest to the augmented vertebra. The risk of NSFs decreases with time after augmentation, and it is also related to the number of augmented vertebrae, the type of augmentation, and whether the untreated vertebrae are thoracolumbar or not.

[Effectiveness of arthroscopic "hybrid" suture for delaminated rotator cuff tear: A prospective randomized controlled study].

Objective: To investigate the effectiveness of "hybrid" suture with en masse combined with double-layer repair under arthroscopy in repair of delaminated rotator cuff tear by comparison with en masse suture. Methods: Fifty-six patients with delaminated rotator cuff tears met selection criteria between June 2020 and January 2022 were included in the study. Patients were divided into two groups ( n=28) using a random number method. The patients in trial group underwent arthroscopic "hybrid" suture with the combination en masse and double-layer suture. The patients in control group underwent en masse suture under arthroscopy. There was no significant difference between the two groups ( P>0.05) in terms of gender, age, rotator cuff tear side, tear size, cause of injury, disease duration, and preoperative American Association of Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) shoulder scoring, visual analogue scale (VAS) score, and shoulder range of motion (forward flexion and lateral external rotation). The operation time, the difference of ASES score, UCLA score, VAS score, and shoulder range of motion (forward flexion and lateral external rotation) between pre- and post-operation were recorded and compared between the two groups ( P>0.05). The rotator cuff healing was examined by MRI and evaluated based on the classification criteria of rotator cuff healing proposed by Sugaya et al. Results: Three cases (1 case in the trial group and 2 cases in the control group) were excluded from the study due to loss of follow-up. Twenty-seven cases in the trial group and 26 cases in the control group were included in the final study analysis. All operations of the two groups were completed successfully. There was no significant difference in the operation time between groups ( P>0.05). The follow-up time was 10-12 months (mean, 10.9 months) in the trial group and 10-13 months (mean, 11.4 months) in the control group. All incisions healed by first intention. No surgery-related complications occurred. The UCLA score, ASES score, VAS score, and shoulder range of motion (forward flexion and lateral external rotation) of both groups at 9 months after operation were significantly superior to those before operation ( P<0.05). The difference of UCLA score, ASES score, and VAS score between before and after operation in the trial group were significantly better than those in the control group ( P<0.05). There was no significant differences between the two groups in the difference of shoulder range of motion (forward flexion and lateral lateral rotation) ( P>0.05). At 9 months after operation, according to the classification criteria of rotator cuff healing proposed by Sugaya et al, MRI showed that the rotator cuff healing of the trial group was significantly better than that of the control group ( P<0.05). Conclusion: Compared with en masse suture, arthroscopic "hybrid" suture for the repair of delaminated rotator cuff tear has advantages in relieving pain and improving shoulder joint function, and the rotator cuff healing is better.

Novel Radiomics-Clinical Model for the Noninvasive Prediction of New Fractures After Vertebral Augmentation.

PURPOSE: To investigate the noninvasive prediction model for new fractures after percutaneous vertebral augmentation (PVA) based on radiomics signature and clinical parameters. METHODS: Data from patients who were diagnosed with osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (OVCF) and treated with PVA in our hospital between May 2014 and April 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Radiomics features were extracted from T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the T11-L5 segments taken before PVA. Different radiomics models was developed by using linear discriminant analysis (LDA), multilayer perceptron (MLP), and stochastic gradient descent (SGD) classifiers. A nomogram was constructed by integrating clinical parameters and Radscore that calculated by the best radiomics model. The model performance was quantified in terms of discrimination, calibration and clinical usefulness. RESULT: Four clinical parameters and 16 selected radiomics features were used for model development. The clinical model showed poor discrimination capability with area under the curves (AUCs) yielding of 0.522 in the training dataset and 0.517 in the validation dataset. The LDA, MLP and SGD classifier-based radiomics model had achieved AUCs of 0.793, 0.810, and 0.797 in the training dataset, and 0.719, 0.704, and 0.725 in the validation dataset, respectively. The nomogram showed the best performance with AUCs achieving 0.810 and 0.754 in the training and validation datasets, respectively. The decision curve analysis demonstrated the net benefit of the nomogram was higher than that of other models. CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that combining clinical features with radiomics features from pre-augmentation T1-weighted MRI can be used to develop a nomogram that can predict new fractures in patients after PVA.

[Comparison of refracture risk between sandwich vertebrae and ordinary adjacent vertebrae].

OBJECTIVE: To compare the refracture risk between sandwich vertebrae and ordinary adjacent vertebrae, and to explore the risk factors related to refracture. METHODS: Retrospective analysis was performed on the data of patients who received percutaneous vertebral augmentation (PVA) and formed sandwich vertebrae between April 2015 and October 2019. Of them, 115 patients were enrolled in the study. There were 27 males and 88 females with an average age of 73.9 years (range, 53-89 years). Univariate analysis was performed to analyzed the patients' general data, vertebral augmentation related indexes, and sandwich vertebrae related indexes. Survival analysis was performed for all untreated vertebrae at T 4-L 5 of the included patients at the vertebra-specific level, and risk curves of refracture probability of untreated vertebrae between sandwich vertebrae and ordinary adjacent vertebrae were compared. Cox's proportional hazards regression model was used to analyze risk factors for refracture. RESULTS: The 115 patients were followed up 12.6-65.9 months (mean, 36.2 months). Thirty-seven refractures involving 51 vertebral bodies occurred in 31 patients. The refracture rate of 27.0% (31/115) in patients with sandwich vertebrae was significantly higher than that of 15.2% (187/1228) in all patients who received PVA during the same period ( χ 2=10.638, P=0.001). Univariate analysis results showed that there was a significant difference in the number of augmented vertebrae between patients with and without refractures ( Z=0.870, P=0.004). However, there was no significant difference in gender, age, body mass index, whether had clear causes of fracture, whether had dual energy X-ray absorptiometry testing, whether the sandwich vertebra generated through the same PVA, puncture method, method of PVA, number of PVA procedures, number of vertebrae with old fracture, whether complicated with spinal deformity, bone cement distribution, and kyphosis angle of sandwich vertebral area ( P>0.05). Among the 1 293 untreated vertebrae, there were 136 sandwich vertebrae and 286 ordinary adjacent vertebrae. The refracture rate of sandwich vertebrae was 11.3% which was higher than that of ordinary adjacent vertebrae (6.3%)( χ 2=4.668, P=0.031). The 1- and 5-year fracture-free probabilities were 0.90 and 0.87 for the sandwich vertebrae, and 0.95 and 0.93 for the ordinary adjacent vertebrae, respectively. There was a significant difference between the two risk curves of refracture ( χ 2=4.823, P=0.028). Cox's proportional hazards regression model analysis results showed that the sandwich vertebrae, thoracolumbar location, the number of the augmented vertebrae, and the unilateral puncture were significant risk factors for refracture ( P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The sandwich vertebrae has a higher risk of refracture when compared with the ordinary adjacent vertebrae, and its 1- and 5-year fracture-free probabilities are lower than those of the ordinary adjacent vertebrae. However, the 5-year fracture-free probability of sandwich vertebrae is still 0.87, so prophylactic enhancement is not recommended for all sandwich vertebrae. In addition, the sandwich vertebrae, thoracolumbar location, the number of the augmented vertebrae, and the unilateral puncture were important risk factors for refracture.

The effect of SOX4 gene 3'UTR polymorphisms on osteoporosis.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to explore the correlation between the SRY-related high-mobility-group box gene 4 (SOX4) 3' untranslated region (UTR) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and osteoporosis susceptibility. METHODS: The study recruited 330 osteoporosis patients (the case group) and 330 non-osteoporosis patients (the control group) in Sichuan Chengdu First People's Hospital and Zibo Central Hospital from August 2016 to August 2019. Sanger sequencing was used to analyze the genotypes of SOX4 gene rs79958549, rs139085828, and rs201335371 loci. Multi-factor dimensionality reduction (MDR) was used to analyze the interaction between the SOX4 gene rs79958549, rs139085828, and rs201335371 loci and the clinical characteristics of the subjects. RESULTS: The risk of osteoporosis in the carriers of A allele at SOX4 rs79958549 was 5.40 times that in the carriers of the G allele (95% CI 3.25-8.96, P < 0.01). The risk of osteoporosis in the carriers of the A allele at SOX4 rs139085828 was 1.68 times that in the carriers of the G allele (95% CI 1.45-1.85, P < 0.01). The risk of osteoporosis in the carriers of the T allele at SOX4 rs201335371 was 0.54 times that in the carriers of the C allele (95% CI 0.43-0.69, P < 0.01). The SOX4 gene rs79958549, rs139085828, and rs201335371 A-A-C haplotype (OR = 5.14, 95% CI 2.45-10.57, P < 0.01) were associated with increased risk of osteoporosis and G-G-T haplotype was significantly associated with decreased risk of osteoporosis (OR = 0.48, 95% CI 0.38-0.62, P < 0.01). The interaction among the factors of sex, smoking, drinking, rs79958549, rs201335371 was the best model for osteoporosis prediction, and the risk for osteoporosis in 'high-risk combination' was 2.74 times that of 'low-risk combination' (95% CI 1.01-7.43, P = 0.04). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that the risk factors for osteoporosis were BMD (OR = 5.85, 95% CI 2.88-8.94, P < 0.01), T score (OR = 8.54, 95% CI 5.66-10.49, P < 0.01), Z score (OR = 3.77, 95% CI 2.15-8.50, P < 0.01), rs79958549 SNP (OR = 6.92, 95% CI 3.58-8.93, P < 0.01), and rs139085828 SNP (OR = 2.36, 95% CI 1.85-4.27, P < 0.01). The protective factor for osteoporosis was rs201335371SNP (OR = 0.48, 95% CI 0.32-0.75, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: The SOX4 gene SNPs rs79958549, rs139085828, and rs201335371 loci were significantly associated with osteoporosis risk.

The risk assessment model of fracture nonunion after intramedullary nailing for subtrochanteric femur fracture.

ABSTRACT: To investigate the influencing factors of fracture nonunion after intramedullary nailing for subtrochanteric fractures and to construct a risk assessment model.Based on the multicenter retrospective analysis of 251 patients, all patients were divided into modeling group and verification group. In the modeling group, postoperative fracture nonunion rate, general data, fracture-related factors, surgical reduction-related factors, mechanical and biological factors were calculated, and the influencing factors of fracture nonunion were screened by univariate analysis. Logistic regression model was used for multifactor analysis to construct the risk assessment model. Based on the logistic regression model, the risk prediction model was constructed by drawing the Nomogram diagram. Through the verification group, the influencing factors were evaluated again, and the differentiation and calibration of the model were evaluated. The calibration degree was evaluated by Hosmer-Lemeshow test, goodness of fit test, and calibration curve. The discriminant degree was evaluated by the receiver operating characteristic curve.Fracture nonunion occurred in 34 of 149 patients in the modeling group. Among the 14 potential influencing factors, univariate analysis and logistic regression analysis showed that postoperative hip varus, intramedullary nail fixation failure, and reduction of fracture with large incision were the risk factors of fracture nonunion. The medial cortex fracture was seen reduced on X-Ray was a protective factor for fracture nonunion, and a regression equation was established. Based on the logistic regression model, the Nomogram diagram is drawn. Twenty-four cases of fracture nonunion occurred in the verification group. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was area under curve =0.883 > 0.7, indicating that there was a moderate differentiation to evaluate the occurrence of fracture nonunion after operation. The goodness of fit test: the Hosmers-Lemeshow test (X2 = 2.921, P = .712 > .05) showed that the model had a good calibration.After intramedullary nailing of subtrochanteric fracture, hip varus, failure of intramedullary nail fixation and wide surgical dissection are the risk factors of fracture nonunion, and the postoperative reduction of medial cortex fracture is protective factor.National key research and development projects: 2016YFC0105806.

Outcomes of Augmentation in Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fractures Showing a Cleft Sign on MRI.

INTRODUCTION: Intravertebral clefts (IVCs) typically occur in association with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCFs) and can be characterized based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This study aimed to identify the clinical characteristics of IVCs with different MRI signals and assess their influence on outcomes of vertebral augmentation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively recruited patients with OVCFs and associated IVCs who underwent vertebral augmentation. Patients were stratified into two groups based on whether the IVCs were full of liquid or gas, as determined by MRI signals. Patients were also stratified based on whether vertebral augmentation involved percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) or vertebroplasty (PVP). Pre- and postprocedural parameters were compared between groups. RESULTS: A total of 194 fractured vertebrae (86 liquid-filled, 108 gas-filled) were examined. Scores for bone cement distribution were significantly higher in the gas group than in the liquid group, indicating broader cement distribution in the gas group. In both groups, intervention significantly improved pain and mobility scores. Among patients with gas-filled IVCs, the incidence of bone cement leakage and recollapse of treated vertebrae were significantly higher after PKP than after PVP. In the liquid group, incidence of bone cement leakage and recollapse of treated vertebrae did not differ significantly between patients who received PKP or PVP. CONCLUSION: Vertebral augmentation is effective for treating OVCFs with gas- or liquid-filled IVCs. However, in patients with gas-filled IVCs, PKP may be associated with higher incidence of cement leakage and recollapse of treated vertebrae than PVP. Liquid-filled IVCs may not promote bone cement distribution.

Fracture-free probability and predictors of new symptomatic fractures in sandwich, ordinary-adjacent, and non-adjacent vertebrae: a vertebra-specific survival analysis.

BACKGROUND: It is unclear whether the sandwich vertebra, is at higher risk of new symptomatic fractures (NSFs), and whether prophylactic augmentation might benefit patients with sandwich vertebrae. OBJECTIVE: To compare fracture-free probabilities of sandwich, ordinary-adjacent, and non-adjacent vertebrae, and identify predictors of NSFs. METHODS: Data were retrospectively analyzed for patients who had undergone vertebral augmentation resulting in sandwich vertebrae. NSF rates were determined and predictors were identified using Cox proportional hazard models. RESULTS: The analysis included 1408 untreated vertebrae (147 sandwich, 307 ordinary-adjacent, 954 non-adjacent vertebrae) in 125 patients. NSFs involved 19 sandwich, 19 ordinary-adjacent, and 16 non-adjacent vertebrae. The NSF rate was significantly higher in the patients with sandwich vertebrae (27.2%) than among all patients (14.8%). At the vertebra-specific level, the NSFs rate was 12.9% for sandwich vertebrae, significantly higher than 6.2% for ordinary-adjacent and 1.7% for non-adjacent vertebrae. The corresponding fracture-free probabilities of sandwich, ordinary-adjacent, and non-adjacent vertebrae were 0.89, 0.95, and 0.99 at 1 year, and 0.85, 0.92, and 0.98 at 5 years (p<0.05). Cox modeling identified the following as predictors for occurrence of an NSF in a given vertebra: vertebra location, type of vertebrae, number of augmented vertebrae, and puncture method. CONCLUSION: Sandwich vertebrae are at higher risk of NSFs than ordinary-adjacent and non-adjacent vertebrae, and several NSF risk factors were identified. Since 85% of sandwich vertebrae are fracture-free for 5 years and NSF risk increases with the number of augmented vertebrae, prophylactic augmentation of every sandwich vertebra may be unnecessary.

A novel and convenient method to evaluate bone cement distribution following percutaneous vertebral augmentation.

A convenient method to evaluate bone cement distribution following vertebral augmentation is lacking, and therefore so is our understanding of the optimal distribution. To address these questions, we conducted a retrospective study using data from patients with a single-segment vertebral fracture who were treated with vertebral augmentation at our two hospitals. Five evaluation methods based on X-ray film were compared to determine the best evaluation method and the optimal cement distribution. Of the 263 patients included, 49 (18.63%) experienced re-collapse of treated vertebrae and 119 (45.25%) experienced new fractures during follow-up. A 12-score evaluation method (kappa value = 0.652) showed the largest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for predicting new fractures (0.591) or re-collapse (0.933). In linear regression with the 12-score method, the bone cement distribution showed a negative correlation with the re-collapse of treated vertebra, but it showed a weak correlation with new fracture. The two prediction curves intersected at a score of 10. We conclude that an X-ray-based method for evaluation of bone cement distribution can be convenient and practical, and it can reliably predict risk of new fracture and re-collapse. The 12-score method showed the strongest predictive power, with a score of 10 suggesting optimal bone cement distribution.

LINC01535 Promotes the Development of Osteosarcoma Through Modulating miR-214-3p/KCNC4 Axis.

BACKGROUND: Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary bone tumor in group of children and adolescents. Increasing studies showed that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) exerted important functions in the development of tumors, including OS. LINC01535 is an lncRNA which has been studied in cervical cancer but not in OS. AIM OF THE STUDY: This study was aimed to explore the biological function and mechanism of LINC01535 in OS. METHODS: LINC01535 expression was detected by qRT-PCR. Colony formation assay, EdU assay and CCK-8 assay were applied to check cell proliferation ability in OS. Flow cytometry analysis was conducted to measure cell apoptosis capacity. Wound healing assay and transwell assay were performed to assess cell migration and invasion. Luciferase reporter assay and RNA pull-down assay were carried out to verify the molecular mechanism. RESULTS: The high expression of LINC01535 was presented in OS tissues and cell lines compared with adjacent normal tissues and human osteoblasts. Moreover, OS patients with high LINC01535 expression exhibited poor prognosis. Loss-of-function assay revealed that silenced LINC01535 significantly attenuated cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and enhanced cell apoptosis in OS. Through mechanistic exploration, we found that LINC01535 interacted with miR-214-3p, and KCNC4 was validated to be a target gene of miR-214-3p. The levels of KCNC4 mRNA and protein were positively modulated by LINC01535 and reversely mediated by miR-214-3p. Based on rescue experiments, KCNC4 overexpression reserved the suppressive function of silenced LINC01535 on OS cell growth, migration and invasion. CONCLUSION: LINC01535, miR-214-3p and KCNC4 constituted an effective axis that exerted a pregnant regulation in OS development, which is a quite meaningful discovery for exploring potential therapeutic methods for OS patients.

[Effectiveness of volar oblique T-type locking plate and raft screws reduction and fixation in treatment of extreme distal radius fractures].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effectiveness of volar oblique T-type locking plate and raft screws reduction and fixation in the treatment of extreme distal radius fractures. METHODS: Between July 2014 and July 2018, 15 patients with extreme distal radius fractures were treated with volar oblique T-type locking plate and raft screws reduction and fixation. There were 6 males and 9 females, aged from 30 to 66 years with an average age of 56.6 years. The cause of injury was falling from height in 2 cases and falling in 13 cases. All of them were fresh closed injuries. The fractures were rated as type 23C1 in 8 cases and as type 23C2 in 7 cases according to AO/Orthopaedic Trauma Association (AO/OTA) classification. There were 7 cases of ulnar styloid process fracture and 2 cases of distal radioulnar joint instability. The time from injury to operation was 6 to 9 days with an average of 7.3 days. The fracture healing and the radial height, palm inclination, and ulnar deviation were observed by X-ray reexamination. Cooney score was used to evaluate the effectiveness. RESULTS: All incisions healed by first intention. All patients were followed up 12-24 months, with an average of 14.6 months. X-ray films showed that all fractures healed, and the healing time ranged from 5 to 10 months, with an average of 8.2 months. No internal fixation failure or secondary fracture displacement occurred. At last follow-up, the radial height, palm inclination, and ulnar deviation recovered well, and the differences between pre- and post-operation were significant ( P<0.05). The pain, function, activity, and grip strength scores and the total score of Cooney score were significantly higher than those before operation ( P<0.05). There were 11 cases of excellent, 3 cases of good, and 1 case of good, with an excellent and good rate of 93%. CONCLUSION: For extreme distal radius fractures, the volar oblique T-type locking plate and raft screws reduction and fixation can restore the radialheight, palm inclination, and ulnar deviation, fix firmly, and recover the wrist joint function exercise early, and obtain satisfactory effectiveness.

[Effectiveness analysis of closed or limited open reduction and intramedullary nail fixation in treatment of Seinsheimer type â ¤ subtrochanteric fracture].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effectiveness of closed or limited open reduction and intramedullary nail fixation in the treatment of Seinsheimer type Ⅴ subtrochanteric fracture. METHODS: Between May 2014 and July 2018, 36 patients with Scinsheimer type Ⅴ subtrochanteric fractures were treated with closed or limited open reduction and intramedullary nail fixation. There were 25 males and 11 females with an age of 23-86 years (mean, 55.8 years). The cause of injury included falling in 19 cases, traffic accident in 9 cases, falling from height in 7 cases, and heavy object injury in 1 case; all were fresh closed injuries. The interval between injury and operation was 1-14 days (mean, 6.8 days). There were 18 cases of closed reduction and 18 cases of limited open reduction during the operation. Seventeen cases were fixed with femoral reconstruction intramedullary nail, 5 with InterTan long nail, 14 with lengthened proximal femoral nail anti-rotation, and 7 cases were assisted with auxiliary steel wire binding. After operation, through X-ray film and clinical follow-up, the fracture reduction and maintenance status, internal fixation position, and fracture healing were judged; the range of motion, walking ability, and complications of hip joint were observed, and the function of hip joint was evaluated according to Merle d'Aubigne Postel hip joint scoring standard. RESULTS: All the incisions of medullary operation healed by first intention, and no vascular, nerve injury, or infection occurred. All patients were followed up 12-24 months, with an average of 14.2 months. Among the 36 patients, 1 patient received revision surgery due to varus displacement of femoral head and screw penetration at 2 months after closed reduction, with poor recovery of hip function. X-ray film re-examination showed that the fractures of the other 35 patients healed after 9-15 months, with an average of 11.5 months. During follow-up, there was no complication such as internal fixation failure, fracture redisplacement, bone nonunion or malunion, and deep vein thrombosis of lower extremity occurred. The function of hip joint recovered well, and the patients could walk and squat normally without affecting daily life or work. At last follow-up, according to Merle d'Aubigne Postel hip joint scoring standard, 28 cases were rated as excellent, 4 cases as good, 3 cases as fair, and 1 case as poor, the excellent and good rate was 88.9%. CONCLUSION: C-arm X-ray fluoroscopic closed or limited open reduction and intramedullary nail fixation for the treatment of Seinheimer Ⅴ type subtrochanteric fracture, if necessary, with the aid of auxiliary steel wire binding, it has the advantages of less blood supply destruction at the fracture end, satisfactory reduction, firm fixation, and early rehabilitation training, with definite effectiveness.

[Open reduction and internal fixation for multiple injuries of superior shoulder suspensory complex with coracoid process fracture].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effectiveness of open reduction and internal fixation for multiple injuries of superior shoulder suspensory complex (SSSC) with coracoid process fracture. METHODS: Between January 2014 and October 2018, 22 patients with multiple injuries of SSSC with coracoid process fracture were treated by open reduction and internal fixation. There were 16 males and 6 females, aged from 24 to 72 years with an average age of 36.6 years. There were 10 cases of falling injury, 5 cases of traffic accident injury, and 7 cases of falling from height injury. All of them were fresh closed injuries. The time from injury to operation ranged from 2 to 17 days with an average of 6.9 days. Both X-ray film and CT showed the coracoid process fracture complicated with clavicular fracture in 14 cases, acromioclavicular joint dislocation in 12 cases, and acromioclavicular fracture in 5 cases. There were 14 cases of two places of SSSC, 7 cases of three places of SSSC, and 1 case of four places of SSSC. RESULTS: All incisions healed in primary stage after operation. All patients were followed up 10-24 months with an average of 14.1 months. X-ray films showed that all fractures healed and the acromioclavicular joint was normal. The healing time ranged from 6 to 12 months, with an average of 6.2 months. No complications such as internal fixation failure and nonunion occurred. According to University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) shoulder scoring system, the shoulder joint function was rated as excellent in 15 cases, good in 5 cases, and poor in 2 cases at last follow-up. The excellent and good rate was 90.9%. CONCLUSION: Open reduction and internal fixation for treatment of multiple injuries of SSSC with coracoid process fracture is firm and reliable. Combined with active postoperative rehabilitation program intervention, it can accelerate the recovery of shoulder joint function and achieve satisfactory effectiveness.

Percutaneous Vertebral Augmentation for Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fracture in the Midthoracic Vertebrae (T5-8): A Retrospective Study of 101 Patients with 111 Fractured Segments.

OBJECTIVE: Data reporting percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) or percutaneous balloon kyphoplasty (PKP) application to the midthoracic vertebrae remain limited. This study aimed to summarize our experiences and explore the efficacy and safety of PVP or PKP in dealing with osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (OVCF) in the midthoracic vertebrae. METHODS: Patients receiving PVP or PKP for midthoracic OVCF in our institution from January 2015 to January 2018 were retrospectively enrolled. All patients were grouped according to cement augmentation procedure types, surgical approaches, and puncture routes. All patients underwent a postoperative follow-up of 2-36 months. Visual analog scale (VAS) and ECOG Scale of Performance Status scores were evaluated pre- and postoperatively. Cement distribution and rate of cement leakage were assessed by radiographs. Associations of these variables and clinical scores and radiographic indices were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 101 consecutive patients with 111 fractured centrums were enrolled. Both VAS and ECOG Scale of Performance Status scores of all patients decreased significantly after the operation, and progressively decreased at the final follow-up. The cement distribution of the bipedicular group was significantly better than the unipedicular group, but the total leakage rate of the former (71.7%) was significantly higher than the latter (43.1%). The rate of epidural cement leakage in the PKP group (5.4%) was significantly lower than that of the PVP group (20.3%), whereas the left puncture group (28.6%) was significantly higher than that of the right puncture group (2.7%). CONCLUSIONS: PKP and a bipedicular approach can help improve cement distribution and reduce the epidural cement leakage rate and therefore should be preferred over PVP or a unipedicular approach in OVCF of the midthoracic vertebrae.

Genetic association analysis between polymorphisms of HAIRY-AND-ENHANCER-OF SPLIT-7 and congenital scoliosis.

OBJECTIVE: We explored the association between genetic polymorphisms of HAIRY-AND-ENHANCER-OF-SPLIT-7 (HES7) and congenital scoliosis (CS) in 246 cases of congenital scoliosis and non-congenital controls, in which the age and sex were fully matched. All participants were Chinese Han population. METHODS: The genome DNA was extracted from peripheral blood sample. Two SNPs were defined for HES7 using NCBI database. The genotypes of two SNPs were determined by SNP stream UHT Genotyping System. RESULTS: Polymorphisms were found in both SNPs and in accordance with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. For SNP rs3027279, the difference of two alleles (C and A) frequencies between CS and control groups Was statistically significant. Analysis also showed the difference of two genotypes (C/C and C/A) frequencies between two groups was significant (χ(2)=5.857, P<0.05). For SNP rs1442849, both difference of two alleles (A and G) frequencies and difference of three genotypes (G/G, G/A and AA) frequencies between two groups were shown statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: The unconditional Logistic regression analysis showed A/A genotype of SNP rsl442849 may be a protective factor (P=0.018<0.05, OR-0.35, 95% CI=0.17-0.74) for the onset of CS, while C/A genotype of SNP rs3027279 increased the onset risk (P=0.015<0.05, OR=1.93, 95% CI=1.13-3.30) of CS. Linkage disequilibrium analysis demonstrated the existence of linkage disequilibrium between the two SNPs.

[Clinical features and proportion analysis of adult hip fractures at 11 hospitals in Southwest China from 2010 to 2011].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the clinical feature and constituent ratio of adult hip fractures in Southwest China. METHODS: The data of adult inpatients and outpatients with hip fractures treated between January 2010 and December 2011 in 11 hospitals of the Southwest China were collected and analyzed. The data includes gender, age, age distribution and fracture pattern according to AO classification. RESULTS: There were a total of 2,833 adult hip fractures, including 1,340 (47.30%) males and 1,493 (52.70%) females, with a male-to-female incidence ratio of 1: 1.11 and a mean age of (66±18) years. The highest frequency of hip fractures was seen in the 71 to 85 years age group (42.18%, 1,195/2,833). There were 844 fractures (29.79%) in the young and middle-aged group (16-<60 years) and 1 898 fractures (70.21%) in the geriatric group (≥60 years). Men had a higher rate than women (men: 577 fractures, 68.4%) in the young and middle-aged group, while women had a higher rate than men (women: 1,226 fractures, 61.64%) in the geriatric group, with a significant difference in the sex distribution between the two groups (χ2=214.001, P<0.01). The proportion of intertrochanteric fracture (type 31-A), femoral neck (type 31-B) and femoral head fracture (type 31-C) was 46.59%, 49.74% and 3.67% respectively. The highest frequency of the sub-type in each fracture type was type 31-A2, type 31-B2 and type 31-C2. CONCLUSIONS: Women have a higher rate than men in Southwest China. Geriatric patients are more than the young and middle-aged patients. The femoral neck fractures, intertrochanteric fractures and femoral head fractures are in descending orders according to the proportion of the three different hip fractures.

Promoter polymorphism T-786C, 894G→T at exon 7 of endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene are associated with risk of osteoporosis in Sichuan region male residents.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between genetic polymorphism of T-786C in promoter region, 894G→T at exon 7 of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene and osteoporosis (OP) disease. METHOD: The genotypes of 350 patients with osteoporosis and 350 healthy controls were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA sequencing. The allele ratios and genotype distributions in the patients and controls were assessed using the Pearson χ(2)-test. Odds ratios (OR) with two tailed P-values and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated as a measure of the association of the eNOS genotypes with OP. RESULT: the C allele distribution frequency of T-786C eNOS gene in OP group (8.5%) was significantly higher than that in control group (3.9%), relative risk (OR) of OP associated with the CC genotype was 2.68 (95% CI, 0.92 to 1.37). The T allele frequency of 894G→T at exon 7 in eNOS gene in OP group (11.5%) was also significantly higher than that in control group (5.2%), OR of OP associated with the TT genotype was 2.60 (all P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The analysis results indicated that both T-786C in promoter region and 894G→T at exon 7 of eNOS gene might be genetic predisposal factors of OP, these polymorphisms may be independently or synergic with other loci to have an impact on the incidence of OP.

The association study of calmodulin 1 gene polymorphisms with susceptibility to adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.

OBJECTIVE: Idiopathic scoliosis is the most common pediatric spinal deformity affecting 1% to 3% of the population, and adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) accounts for approximately 80% of these cases; however, the etiology and pathogenesis of AIS are still uncertain. The current study aims to identify the relationship between calmodulin 1 (CALM1) gene and AIS predisposition, to identify the relationship between the genotypes of the SNPs and the clinical phenotypes of AIS. METHODS: 146 AIS patients and 146 healthy controls were enrolled into this case-control study. 12 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) candidates in CALM1 gene were selected to determine the relationship between CALM1 gene and AIS predisposition. Case-only study was performed to determine the effects of these variants on the severity of the condition. RESULTS: Three SNPs from 12 candidates were found to be associated with AIS predisposition. The ORs were observed as 0.549 (95% CI 0.3519-0.8579, P = 0.0079), 0.549 (95% CI 0.3519-0.8579, P = 0.0079), and 1.6139 (95% CI 1.0576-2.4634, P = 0.0257) for rs2300496, rs2300500, and rs3231718, respectively. There was no statistical difference between main curve, severity, and genotype distributions of all of 12 SNPs. CONCLUSION: Genetic variants of CALM1 gene are associated with AIS susceptibility.