Persistent Challenges of Micronutrient Deficiencies in Latin America Needs Action.

Micronutrient deficiencies affect growth and development and are critical for maintaining health at all ages. Their critical role in exacerbating complications of infections and chronic diseases continues to impact morbidity, mortality, and quality of life for many. Raising awareness and advocating for micronutrient deficiencies in Latin America is urgent to reduce this preventable burden. Globally, an estimated 372 million preschool-aged children and 1.2 billion non-pregnant women of reproductive age suffer deficiency from 1 or more micronutrient. Data is limited and often old, and the true burden of problem in the region remains unclear. There are also limited data on dietary intake and on the double burden of malnutrition. Latin America has been a leader in the design and implementation of innovative and effective actions to reduce excess energy intake and curb the consumption of unhealthy Actions to address deficiency have been implemented in many countries in the region over the years, but current evidence suggests that micronutrient deficiencies have fallen off the public health agenda in Latin America. Effective programming can be developed / appropriately adapted only with knowledge of the current burden. Such data can also help guide and predict future areas of risk and priorities to missing upcoming nutrition issues in the population. Renewed commitment to quantify and monitor micronutrient deficiencies in the region is essential. Abundant evidence and guidance exist to inform effective program selection, design and implementation to address this public health problem.

Effectiveness of near-infrared spectroscopy to predict the chemical composition of feces and total-tract apparent nutrients digestibility estimated with undigestible neutral detergent fiber or acid-insoluble ash in lactating buffaloes' feces.

Following a comparison of nutrient total-tract digestibility estimates in lactating buffaloes using single-point undigestible NDF (uNDF) or acid-insoluble ash (AIA) as internal markers, the potential of fecal near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to provide calibration equations for the assessment of the chemical composition of feces and nutrient total-tract digestibility estimated with internal markers was explored. Chemical analyses were performed on 147 fecal samples from lactating buffaloes reared on 5 farms in central Italy (Naples). Each farm fed a silage-based TMR to the buffaloes, and the TMR was sampled in the 2 d before the fecal collection. The TMR and individual fecal samples were collected and analyzed for DM, OM, ash, AIA, ether extract (EE), starch, fiber fractions (amylase-treated NDF without residual ash [aNDFom], amylase-treated NDF inclusive of residual ash [aNDF], ADF without residual ash [ADFom], ADF, hemicellulose, cellulose, ADL, uNDF), N, CP and CP bound to aNDF (NDICP) and to ADF (ADICP). The uNDF content was determined through a 240-h in vitro fermentation and employed, together with AIA as markers, to estimate the total-tract apparent digestibility and total-tract digestibility of DM, OM, ash, N, CP, EE, aNDFom, aNDF, NDIP, ADFom, and ADF, ADIN, ADL, hemicellulose, cellulose, starch, NFC, and the B3 fraction of N (NB3). No correlation was found between DM and OM digestibility estimated with AIA and uNDF as internal markers. Weak correlations were detected for all the other nutients digestibilities, and strong correlations were observed for EE, ADFom, hemicellulose, NDIN, ADIN, NB3, NFC, and starch. The sample set (n = 147) was divided in a calibration set (n = 111) and a validation set (n = 36) to "train" and "validate" the fecal NIRS curve through an external validation process. An estimation usable for preliminary or initial evaluation was obtained for N, CP, and aNDF fecal content. An excellent prediction was obtained for total tract digestibility of ADIN (R2 = 0.90) when estimated with uNDF as the internal marker. The NIRS technology was not able to accurately predict all the other traits and the estimated nutrient digestibility of lactating buffalo diets from fecal spectra.

Reduced embryo yield obtained from superstimulated ewes with low circulating AMH concentration is improved by lengthening the FSH treatment.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate: 1) the association between AMH, AFC, superovulatory response and embryo yield in sheep; and 2) the effect of FSH treatment length during superstimulation of the first follicular wave on ovarian response and embryo yield, particularly in ewes with low and high AMH. The experiment was performed on 63 Polled Dorset ewes that received an ovarian superstimulatory treatment during the first follicular wave (Day 0 protocol). Ewes were administered a total dose of 240 mg of FSH distributed in six (6-dose regimen, n = 30) or eight (8-dose regimen, n = 33) decreasing doses administered 12 h apart. On Day -9 (random stage of the estrous cycle) and Day 0 (day of the first FSH dose) ovarian ultrasonography was performed and blood samples were collected for AFC and AMH determinations, respectively. A weak positive correlation between AMH and small AFC (follicles <4 mm) was observed (r = 0.23; P = 0.07), and AMH concentration was positively correlated (r = 0.29; P < 0.05) with the number of corpora lutea (CL) determined at embryo collection (i.e., 6 d after insemination). The length of FSH treatment tended (P = 0.06) to affect the ovarian response, such that the number of CL was greater in 8-dose than 6-dose treated ewes, while no differences (P > 0.10) in embryo yield outcomes were observed. For further analysis, ewes were classified into low (<7 ng/mL) and high (>10 ng/mL) serum AMH. In high AMH ewes, there were no differences (P > 0.05) in the number of CL nor embryo yield between the 6-dose and 8-dose treatment (e.g., 7.8 ± 2.4 and 8.3 ± 2.5 transferable embryos, respectively; P = 0.92). Conversely, for low AMH ewes, fertilized ova and embryo yield were greater (P ≤ 0.05) for ewes receiving the 8-dose than the 6-dose superstimulatory treatment (e.g., 8.4 ± 2.8 vs. 2.7 ± 0.9 transferable embryos, respectively, P ≤ 0.05). In conclusion, embryo production in poor responding ewes with low low circulating AMH is improved by extending the superstimulatory treatment length from 6 to 8 FSH doses.

Using a food web model to predict the effects of Hazardous and Noxious Substances (HNS) accidental spills on deep-sea hydrothermal vents from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR) region.

Deep-sea hydrothermal vents host unique ecosystems but face risks of incidents with Hazardous and Noxious Substances (HNS) along busy shipping lanes such as the transatlantic route. We developed an Ecopath with Ecosim (EwE) model of the Menez Gwen (MG) vent field (MG-EwE) (Mid-Atlantic Ridge) to simulate ecosystem effects of potential accidental spills of four different HNS, using a semi-Lagrangian Dispersion Model (sLDM) coupled with the Regional Ocean Modelling System (ROMS) calibrated for the study area. Food web modelling revealed a simplified trophic structure with low energy efficiency. The MG ecosystem was vulnerable to disruptions caused by all tested HNS, yet it revealed some long-term resilience. Understanding these impacts is vital for enhancing Spill Prevention, Control, and Countermeasure plans (SPCC) in remote marine areas and developing tools to assess stressors effects on these invaluable habitats.

"They Protect us as if they were our Mom" Masking Attitudes from Freelist Survey Data and Qualitative Interviews in San Diego School Communities.

BACKGROUND: Despite being disproportionately impacted by COVID-19 due to a lack of structural support, marginalized communities have been largely ignored in the politically polarized debate over school masking. In response to this, we sought to explore masking attitudes by centering the voices of parents and children at historically marginalized, predominantly Hispanic schools in southern California. METHODS: We conducted a mixed-methods study with parents and children attending 26 low-income predominantly Hispanic-serving elementary schools. A random sample of parents was asked to provide a freelist of words they associate with masking. A subset of parents with children aged 4-6 was recruited from these surveys to participate in parent-child interviews (PCI). We calculated Smith's salience index for all unique items, stratifying by language (English/Spanish). Item salience guided PCI thematic analysis for additional context and meaning. RESULTS: 648 participants provided 1118 unique freelist items in English and Spanish. 19 parent-child pairs were interviewed, 11 in Spanish and 8 in English. The most salient words were "safety"(0.37), "protection"(0.12), "prevention"(0.05), "health"(0.04), "good"(0.03), "can't breathe"(0.03), "necessary"(0.02), "care"(0.02), "precaution"(0.02), and "unnecessary"(0.02). Spanish speakers had a more favorable view of masking than English speakers, particularly regarding "protection" (0.20 vs 0.08) and "prevention" (0.10 vs 0.02). DISCUSSION: Masking is an affordable individual-level risk mitigation that protects the communities that have inequitably shouldered the burdens of the COVID-19 pandemic. We recommend that policymakers prioritize the views of those most impacted when deciding on risk mitigation policies like school masking.

Metastasis Models: Thermodynamics and Complexity.

The thermodynamic formalism of nonequilibrium systems together with the theory of complex systems and systems biology offer an appropriate theoretical framework to explain the complexity observed at the macroscopic level in physiological phenomena. In turn, they allow the establishment of an appropriate conceptual and operational framework to address the study of phenomena such as the emergence and evolution of cancer.This chapter is organized as follows: In Subheading 1, an integrated vision of these disciplines is offered for the characterization of the emergence and evolution of cancer, seen as a nonlinear dynamic system, temporally and spatially self-organized out of thermodynamic equilibrium. The development of the various mathematical models and different techniques and approaches used in the characterization of cancer metastasis is presented in Subheading 2. Subheading 3 is devoted to the time course of cancer metastasis, with particular emphasis on the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT henceforth) as well as chronotherapeutic treatments. In Subheading 4, models of the spatial evolution of cancer metastasis are presented. Finally, in Subheading 5, some conclusions and remarks are presented.

Sudden death related to sexual activity: A multicenter study based on forensic autopsies (2010-2021).

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: To investigate the epidemiological characteristics, clinic-pathological findings and recent use of substances of abuse and prescribed drugs in sexual activity-related sudden death (SArSD). METHODS: Multicenter population-based study on forensic autopsies conducted in 27 provinces of Spain over 12 years (2010-2021). RESULTS: Out of 18046 autopsied natural deaths, 64 cases (0.35 %) of SArSD were investigated (87 % males). Women were younger than males (50.5 ± 13.4 years vs 37.2 ± 14.2; p = 0.017). Sudden cardiac deaths (SCD) accounted for 87 % of cases. Ischemic heart disease was the predominant pathology (58 %), mainly affecting men ≥ 36 years of age. Cerebral haemorrhage (8 %) and asthma (5 %) were the leading non-cardiac causes. In young adults, SADS (36 %) and asthma (27 %) were the main causes The disease responsible of SCD was diagnosed in life in 7 subjects. In 64 % there were cardiovascular risk factors, mainly obesity. Toxicological analysis detected illicit drugs (23 %), mainly cocaine, medications for erectile dysfunction (9 %), and ethanol ≥ 0.5 g/L (8 %). Deaths occurred usually in the context of heterosexual intercourse and during or immediately after sexual activity. The most common location was at home (63 %). In 12 men the sexual partner was a sex worker. CONCLUSIONS: SArSD has a low incidence in the general population affecting middle-aged males during intercourse with a heterosexual partner. It is of cardiovascular origin, mainly due to ischemic heart disease that frequently remained silent during life. There is a frequent association with obesity, use of cocaine (and, to a lesser extent, medications for erectile dysfunction) and performing unconventional sexual practices. Forensic investigation is useful for developing prevention strategies.

Hablando at home: Examining the interactional resources of a bilingual autistic child.

Daily language interactions predict child outcomes. For multilingual families who rear neurodiverse children and who may be minoritized for their language use, a dearth of research examines families' daily language interactions. Utilizing a language socialization framework and a case study methodology, 4,991 English and Spanish utterances from a 5-year old autistic child and his family were collected during naturally occurring interactions over 10 days. Utterances were analyzed for patterns of code-switching by speaker, activity setting, English or Spanish initial language, and code-switch function. Spanish was spoken in most activities. For reading, both languages were equally employed by the father. While participants used both languages across all activity settings, significant variations in code-switching type and function were observed by activity setting and speaker. We discuss implications for how home language resources can be integrated into autism interventions.

Investigación clínica a largo plazo del tratamiento con implantes dentales / Long-term clinical research of treatment with dental implants

La implantología oral clínica ha evolucionado significativamente durante las últimas décadas. El desarrollo de los aspectos diagnósticos, quirúrgicos y prostodóncicos ha mejorado la predictibilidad de la oseointegración y los resultados clínicos a largo plazo del tratamiento con implantes. Además, algunos criterios de condiciones clínicas y radiográficas se han incorporado al concepto de éxito, como el nivel de los implantes, los tejidos periimplantarios, el nivel de la prótesis y el grado de satisfacción de los pacientes. La evidencia científica ha demostrado que el tratamiento con implantes es una excelente opción para la rehabilitación de los pacientes con parcial y total edentulismo. De hecho, los estudios a largo plazo reflejan el éxito de las rehabilitaciones fijas, sobredentaduras, puentes fijos y coronas unitaria. Sin embargo, algunas complicaciones biológicas y prostéticas han definido los conceptos diferentes de éxito y supervivencia de los implantes dentales. Conclusiones: Este trabajo indica que las restauraciones sobre implantes dentales en la rehabilitación de los pacientes parcial y totalmente edéntulos constituye un tratamiento odontológico con resultados clínicos a largo plazo con un elevado éxito. (AU)

Clinical implant dentistry has evolved significantly during last decades. The development of diagnostic, surgical and prosthetic aspects has improved the predictability of osseointegration and long-term clinical outcomes of the implant treatment. Moreover, several criteria of clinical and radiographic conditions have been incorporated in the concept of implant success, as implant level, peri-implant tissues, prosthetic level, and patient satisfaction. The scientific evidence of the literature demonstrates that implant treatment is an excellent option for the rehabilitation of patients with partial and total edentulism. In fact, long-term studies are reported the success of fixed total rehabilitation, overdentures, fixed bridges and single crowns. However, some biological and technical complications are defined the different concepts of success and survival of prosthetic and dental implants. Conclusions: This paper indicates that restorations with dental implants in the rehabilitation of partially and totally edentulous patients constitute a dental treatment with long-term clinical outcomes with a high success. (AU)

The Effect of Ethanol Associated with Universal Adhesive on Resin Composite Adhesion to Different Dentin Depths: A Long-Term In Vitro Study.

To evaluate the ethanol wet-bonding protocol with a universal adhesive in etch-andrinse and self-etch modes on microleakage and microtensile bond strength (µTBS) of resin composite to different dentin depth. Molars were distributed into groups according to protocol and dentin depth: universal adhesive (C - control), ethanol + universal adhesive (E), and phosphoric acid etch + ethanol + universal adhesive (PA+E). All protocols were applied to dentin at superficial, middle and deep depths. The specimens (n = 10) were submitted to microleakage and µTBS tests. Half of specimens were submitted to thermocycling (10,000 cycles; 5∘C/55∘C). Data were submitted to Spearman correlation (µTBS x microleakage) and three-way ANOVA (protocol, aging and depth), followed by Bonferroni post hoc test (α=0.05). PA+E group showed highest µTBS and lowest microleakage mean values in 24h. All groups presented similar µTBS mean values after thermocycling. The deep dentin showed less stable µTBS results. PA+E group presented highest microleakage mean values after thermocycling. Spearman's correlation showed a strong correlation between microleakage and µTBS. The PA+E group improved immediate adhesion and E group promoted a more stable µTBS in the long-term adhesion of universal adhesive. The aging for all protocols jeopardized the stability of the hybrid layer. The ethanol wet bonding technique associated with universal adhesive has enhanced the immediate result of the resin composite adhesion.

GnRH dose at initiation of a 5-day CO-Synch + P4 for fixed time artificial insemination in suckled beef cows.

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of GnRH dose administered at initiation (GnRH-1) of a 5-day CO-Synch + P4 protocol on ovulatory response, expression of estrus, and fertility in suckled beef cows. Suckled beef cows (n = 1101) at four locations were randomized to receive either 100 or 200 µg of gonadorelin acetate at initiation (D-8) of a 5-day CO-Synch + P4 protocol concurrently with insertion of an intravaginal progesterone (P4) device. On D-3 the P4 device was removed, two doses of prostaglandin F2α were administered concurrently and a patch was applied to evaluate expression of estrus. Artificial insemination was performed 72 h after P4 device removal (D0) simultaneously with the administration of 100 µg of gonadorelin acetate (GnRH-2). Increasing GnRH dose at initiation of a 5-day CO-Synch + P4 did not enhance ovulatory response (P = 0.57) to GnRH-1, expression of estrus (P = 0.79), nor pregnancies per AI (P/AI; P = 0.91). Both follicle size (quadratic) and circulating P4 (linear) affected (P < 0.01) ovulatory response to GnRH-1 independent of dose. Cows that had ovulation to GnRH-1 had smaller (P < 0.001) follicle size on D-3 and reduced (P = 0.05) expression of estrus compared to cows that did not have ovulation to GnRH-1, however, P/AI did not differ (P = 0.75). In conclusion, increasing the dose of GnRH-1 in the 5-day CO-Synch + P4 protocol did not enhance ovulatory response, expression of estrus, or P/AI in suckled beef cows.

El tratamiento con implantes mediante la elevacion transalveolar del seno maxilar en pacientes geriatricos / Implant treatment by transalveolar maxillary sinus elevation in geriatric patients

Introducción: El objetivo del presente estudio era mostrar los resultados clínicos del tratamiento del maxilar superior posterior con implantes colocados mediante la técnica de elevación transalveolar del seno maxilar en pacientes geriátricos. Pacientes y Métodos: 24 pacientes geriátricos (15 hombres y 9 mujeres) con pérdidas dentales maxilares fueron tratados con 28 implantes diferentes colocados mediante la técnica de elevación sinusal transalveolar para su posterior rehabilitación prostodóncica. Los implantes fueron cargados después de un periodo de cicatrización de 6 meses. Resultados: Los hallazgos clínicos indican una supervivencia y éxito de los implantes del 96,4%. En un paciente de los 24 tratados (4,2%) se perdió un implante (3,6%). La altura ósea residual media fué de 6,38 ±1,10 mm (rango:5-10 mm). La ganancia media de hueso vertical fué de 4,40 ±1,15 mm (rango: 2-7 mm). 67,8% de los implantes se insertaron en localización molar y el 32,2% en la localización premolar. Se utilizaron biomateriales en el 97,8% de los implantes. Se realizaron coronas unitarias en 20 pacientes (83,3%), puentes fijos en 3 pacientes (12,5%) y una sobredentadura con bolas en un paciente (4,2%). El seguimiento medio de los pacientes estudiados ha sido de 64,2 ±8,6 meses con un rango entre 50 y 82 meses. Conclusiones: Este estudio indica que el tratamiento con implantes dentales mediante la elevación transalveolar del seno maxilar superior en pacientes geriátricos, constituye una terapéutica implantológica con una elevada tasa de éxito. (AU)

Introduction: The aim of this study was to report the clinical findings of treatment of posterior maxilla with dental implants inserted by transalveolar sinus elevation in geriatric patients. Patients and Methods: 24 geriatric patients (15 males and 9 females) with maxillary tooth loss were treated with 28 different implants placed by transalveolar sinus elevation for rehabilitation of posterior maxilla. Implants were loaded after a healing free-loading period of 6 months. Results: Clinical findings indicate a survival and success rate of implants of 96.4%. In one patient of 24 treated patients (4.2%), one implant was lost (3.6%). The mean residual height was 6.38 mm±1.10 mm (range: 5-10 mm). The mean elevation height was 4.40 mm±1.10 mm (range: 2-7 mm). 67.8% of implants were inserted in molar and 32.2% in premolar localization. Bone substitutes were used in 97.8% of implants. Twenty patients (83.3%) were restored with single crowns, 3 patients with fixed bridges (12.5%) and one patient (4.2%) with overdenture. The mean follow-up period of treated patients was 64.2 ±8.6 months (range: 50-82 months). Conclusions: This study indicates that treatment with dental implants placed by transalveolar sinus elevation in geriatric patients constitute an implant treatment with a high success rate. (AU)

El tratamiento con implantes insertados en localizaciones alveolares regeneradas con betafosfato tricalcico / Treatment with implants inserted in regenerated alveolar sites with beta-tricalcium phosphate

Introducción: El objetivo del presente estudio era mostrar los resultados del tratamiento con implantes dentales insertados en área regeneradas con betafosfato tricálcico. Métodos: 48 pacientes con pérdidas dentales parciales fueron tratados con 97 implantes Galimplant ® en área regeneradas con betafofato tricálcico Osteoblast ®. Diversas técnicas fueron realizadas (implantes inmediata en alveolos postextracción; expansión ósea con expansores u osteotomos y elevación transalveolar / lateral del seno maxilar). Los implantes fueron cargados después de un periodo de cicatrización de 6 meses. Resultados: 48 pacientes fueron tratados con implantes, con una edad media de 37,4 años (rango: 22-63 años). En 16 pacientes (33,3%) se realizó la inserción de implantes de forma inmediata en alveolos postextracción. En 9 pacientes (18,7%) se realizó la técnica de expansión ósea con expansores u osteotomos. En 10 pacientes (20,8%) se realizó la elevación transalveolar del seno maxilar. En 13 pacientes (27,1%) la elevación sinusal fué lateral. En la investigación realizada se perdieron 4 implantes de los 97 insertados (4,1%). 2 implantes fueron fracasos inmediatos o precoces (2,06%) ya que se perdieron, durante la fase de cicatrización, al no conseguir la oseointegración. Los 2 fracasos tardíos fueron por periimplantitis (2,06%). La pérdida media de hueso marginal fué de 1,34 ±1,19 mm. Se realizaron un total de 78 prótesis (100%), 61 coronas unitarias (78,2%) y 17 puentes fijos (21,8%). El periodo de seguimiento clínico ha sido de 5 años. Conclusiones: Este estudio indica que los implantes dentales pueden ser insertados con éxito en las áreas regeneradas con betafosfato tricálcico. (AU)

Introduction: The aim of this study was to report the outcome of treatment with dental implants inserted in regenerated sites with beta-tricalcium phosphate. Methods: 48 patients with partial tooth loss were treated with 97 Galimplant ® implants in regenerated sites with beta-tricalcium phosphate Osteoblast ®. Patients were treated with several surgical tecniques (immediate implants in fresh sockets, alveolar ridge expansion, transalveolar /lateral sinus elevation). Implants were loaded after a healing free-loading period of 6 months. Results: 48 patients were treated, with a mean age of 37.4 years (range: 22-63 yr), with 97 implants. Sixteen patients (33.3%) were treated with immediate implants in fresh sockets; in 9 patients (18.7%), alveolar ridge expansion were used; and 10 patients (20.8%) were treated with transalveolar or lateral sinus elevation (13 patients; 27.1%). 2 implants (2,06%) were lost during the healing period and two implant (2,06%) was lost by peri-implantitis. Marginal bone loss was 1.34 ±1.19 mm. A total of 78 prostheses were realized, 61 single crowns (78.2%) and 17 fixed bridges (21.8%). The follow-up period was of 5 years. Conclusions: This study indicate that dental implants can be inserted with success in regenerated sites with beta-tricalcium phosphate. Conclusions: This study indicates that treatment with dental implants placed by transalveolar sinus elevation in geriatric patients constitute an implant treatment with a high success rate. (AU)

La pérdida ósea marginal en la rehabilitación fija con implantes en pacientes edéntulos. Un estudio a 3 años / Marginal bone loss on fixed rehabilitation with implants in edentulous patients. A 3-year study

Introducción: El objetivo del presente estudio era mostrar los resultados de la pérdida ósea marginal en el tratamiento con rehabilitación fija mediante implantes dentales en pacientes edéntulos totales. Material y Métodos: 24 pacientes edéntulos fueron tratados con 210 implantes KTX ® con superficie arenada y grabada para la rehabilitación total fija. Los implantes fueron cargados inmediatamente en el mismo día de la cirugía. El seguimiento clínico medio fue de 37,1 ±14,6 meses. Resultados: Los hallazgos clínicos indican una supervivencia y éxito de los implantes del 99,5%. Los pacientes fueron rehabilitados con 33 prótesis totales fijas atornilladas. Complicaciones biológicas fueron observadas en el 50% de los pacientes y las complicaciones prostodóncicas en el 4,2% de los pacientes. La pérdida ósea marginal fue de 1,33± 0,77 mm. La pérdida ósea marginal no estuvo relacionada significativamente con la edad, sexo, hábito de fumar, antecedentes médicos, tipos de prótesis y seguimiento clínico. Conclusiones: Este estudio indica que la rehabilitación fija mediante implantes dentales en pacientes edéntulos totales constituye una terapéutica con éxito con una pérdida ósea marginal frecuente. (AU)

Introduction: The aim of this study was to report the outcome of marginal bone loss in the treatment of fully edentulous patients with fixed prostheses supported with dental implants. Material & Methods: 24 edentulous patients were treated with 210 KTX ® sandblasted and acid surface implants for fixed maxilla/mandible rehabilitation. Implants were immediately loaded in the same day of the surgery. The mean follow-up was 37.1 ±14.6 months. Results: Clinical results indicate a survival and success rate of implants of 99.5%. One implant was lost during the follow-up period. The patients were restored with 33 screw fixed rehabilitations. Biological complications were observed in 50% of patients and technical complications in 4.2% of patients. Mean marginal bone loss was 1.33 ± 0. 77 mm. Marginal bone loss are not significantly related with age, gender, smoking, medical background, types of prostheses, and clinical follow-up. Conclusions: This study indicates that fixed rehabilitations by dental implants in totally edentulous patients constitute a successful treatment with a frequent marginal bone loss. (AU)

Sex dimorphism of weight and length at birth: evidence based on disorders of sex development.

BACKGROUND: Males have higher weight and length at birth than females. AIM: To verify the influence of the Y chromosome and the action of intrauterine androgens on weight and length at birth of children with Disorders of Sex Development (DSD). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional and retrospective study. Patients with Turner syndrome (TS), complete (XX and XY), mixed (45,X/46,XY) and partial (XY) gonadal dysgenesis (GD), complete (CAIS) and partial (PAIS) androgen insensitivity syndromes and XX and XY congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) were included. Weight and length at birth were evaluated. RESULTS: Weight and length at birth were lower in TS and mixed GD when compared to XY and XX DSD cases. In turn, patients with increased androgen action (117 cases) had higher weight and length at birth when compared to those with absent (108 cases) and decreased (68 cases) production/action. In birthweight, there was a negative influence of the 45,X/46,XY karyotype and a positive influence of increased androgen and gestational age. In birth length, there was a negative influence of the 45,X and 45,X/46,XY karyotypes and also a positive influence of increased androgen and gestational age. CONCLUSIONS: The sex dimorphism of weight and length at birth could possibly be influenced by intrauterine androgenic action.

Priority setting for restoration in surrounding savannic areas of the Brazilian Pantanal based on soil loss risk and agrarian structure.

Soil health is at the core of the sustainability agenda. As in many agroecosystems in the tropics, soil erosion is a major issue in poorly managed pasturelands. A noteworthy case is located in the Upper Taquari River Basin (UTRB), as part of the Upper Paraguay Basin on the plateau with drainage waters for the Taquari megafan in the Brazilian Pantanal. Here we combine slope (S-factor), erodibility (E-factor), rainfall-rainy day ratio (R-factor), and vegetation and soil indices (C-factor) to locate erosion risk and prioritize eco-engineering interventions via palisades and small dams in UTRB. The method consisted of assessing distinct weights between Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) factors in a GIS platform, providing 35 combinations of classes as low, moderate, high, and very high erosive risk. The validation of the method was based on the ravine and plain ground truths obtained from high-resolution raster data. The best weight of USLE factors aids to locate critical erosive sites and vegetation patterns. Then, erosion risk and interventions were analyzed according to land use and rural property sizes in the government's Rural Environmental Registry (CAR) database. Overall, the natural factors of slope and erodibility in a proportion of 25% and 75% in GIS algebra provided the best mapping accuracy result. About 65% of the UTRB has high or very high erosion risks, and 70% of the available area can be acknowledged as degraded pasturelands. A total of 4744 erosion interventions were recorded, with an accuracy of 65.28% and 61.15% for check dams and palisades interventions, respectively. The number of necessary interventions in areas of native vegetation was almost 50% higher than in pasturelands. Even though micro landowners occupy most of the watershed, large properties have about ten times as many areas at high risk of erosion. The mutual cooperation between properties, independently of size, is supported by governmental public policies like incentives for ecosystem services restoration of critical gullies, with CAR compliance and fiscalization.

Associations of serum sclerostin levels with body composition, pulmonary function, and exacerbations in COPD patients.

BACKGROUND: In COPD, the bronchial epithelium shows a pathologically activated Wnt pathway. Sclerostin (SOST) is a secreted glycoprotein that is associated with bone metabolism and blocks the Wnt pathway. We hypothesized that low sclerostin levels might be associated with lung function and COPD exacerbations in patients. METHODS: We studied 139 outpatients with stable COPD and normal kidney function. We assessed the serum levels of SOST and bone metabolism parameters, body composition, clinical characteristics and lung function at baseline. We followed the patients prospectively for 12 months after enrolment. Moderate exacerbations and hospital admissions were recorded during follow-up. RESULTS: The serum SOST levels were 23.98±7.6 pmol/l (men: 25.5±7.7 pmol/l, women: 20.3±5.9 pmol/l (p < 0.001)). SOST showed correlations with age (r = 0.36), FFMI (r = 0.38), FEV1 (r = 0.27), DLCO (r = 0.39), 6MWD (r = 0.19) and CAT (r = -0.24). In multivariate linear regression analysis, only age (beta=0.264) and FFMI (beta=1.241) remained significant. SOST showed a significant negative correlation with serum phosphorus (r = -0.29). Cox proportional risk analysis indicated that patients in the lower tertile of SOST levels were at higher risk of moderate COPD exacerbation (HR 2.015, CI95% 1.136-3.577, p = 0.017) and hospital admission due to COPD (HR 5.142, CI95% 1.380-19.158, p = 0.015) than the rest of the patients. CONCLUSIONS: SOST levels are associated with body composition and lung function in patients with COPD. Furthermore, lower SOST levels predict a higher risk of exacerbations and hospitalization.

Efectos posturográficos de la maniobra de Epley en pacientes con vértigo posicional paroxístico del canal posterior / Posturographic effects of the Epley maneuver on patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo of the posterior canal

Resumen Introducción: El vértigo posicional paroxístico benigno (VPPB) es la afección periférica más común en las enfermedades otoneurológicas. Con el reposicionamiento de partículas se busca eliminar el vértigo y sus síntomas asociados como lo son el mareo residual y la inestabilidad. Objetivo: Determinar si la maniobra de reposicionamiento de Epley (MRE) produce una modificación significativa del control postural (CP) en aquellos pacientes con VPPB de canal semicircular posterior (VPPB-CSC-P). Material y Método: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo prospectivo en una muestra de 21 pacientes con diagnóstico de VPPB-CSC-P. Comparamos el desplazamiento, la velocidad y el área del centro de presión (CoP) antes y después de la MRE. Resultados: La velocidad y el área de la CoP estudiada por posturografía computarizada muestra una disminución significativa en sus valores después de la MRE, mientras que el desplazamiento de la CoP se mantuvo sin cambios. Conclusión: La MRE ejecutada en pacientes con VPPB-CSC-P produce una modulación en el control de la CoP, demostrada por la disminución de la velocidad y el área de desplazamiento de la CoP. El éxito de la MRE produce modulación del CP.

Abstract Introduction: Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is the most common peripheral condition in otoneurologic diseases. With the repositioning of particles, the aim is to eliminate vertigo and its associated symptoms, such as residual dizziness and instability. Aim: To determine if the Epley repositioning maneuver (ERM) produces a significant modification of postural control (PC) in those patients with posterior semicircular canal BPPV (BPPV-CSC-P). Material and Method: A prospective descriptive study was carried out in a sample of 21 patients diagnosed with BPPV-CSC-P. We compared the displacement, velocity, and area of the center of pressure (CoP) before and after the Epley repositioning maneuver. Results: The velocity and the area of the CoP studied by computed posturography show a significant decrease in its values after the MRE, while the CoP shift remained unchanged. Conclusion: ERM performed in patients with BPPV-CSC-P produces an improvement in the control of the CoP, demonstrated by the decrease in the speed and the area of movement of the CoP. The success of the MRE produces modulation of the PC.

Life-history data of a key amphipod species from three NE Atlantic estuaries under different levels of anthropogenic pressure.

Knowledge on population dynamics of ecosystem's key-species is invaluable to understand how populations will respond to natural and human-induced perturbations. The amphipod Echinogammarus marinus is a key-species from European estuarine habitats with a distribution ranging from Norway to Portugal [1]. The present article contains supportive data related to a research article entitled 'Comparing production and life-history traits of a key amphipod species within and between estuaries under different levels of anthropogenic pressure' [2]. The present dataset presents the density, biomass, fecundity, and production of E. marinus in three estuaries under different anthropogenic pressure and, within each estuary, at three sampling sites, which differed in terms of the distance to the estuary mouth, vegetation cover, and organic matter content. Monthly environmental abiotic data and seasonal concentration of PAH and other contaminants are also provided. Sampling took place monthly for 13 months at low tide on intertidal mudflats. At each site, Fucus fronds containing E. marinus individuals were randomly collected. All E. marinus individuals were counted, sexed, and measured under a binocular stereo microscope to estimate the density and the biomass of E. marinus in Fucus fronds. Finally, the annual production of E. marinus at each sampling site was estimated through the size-frequency method. This dataset may be used to compare population traits of E. marinus populations across different estuaries and it may overall assist designing studies regarding population dynamics and designing management strategies in coastal systems, namely targeting at habitat conservation and restoration.

Comparing production and life-history traits of a key amphipod species within and between estuaries under different levels of anthropogenic pressure.

Inter-population variability may arise as a response to adverse natural and anthropogenic stressors. The dynamics of a key amphipod species (Echinogammarus marinus) was followed during ≈ 1-year at its southerly range (NW Portugal), in three estuaries with different levels of anthropogenic pressure (High - Ave estuary; Moderate - Mondego estuary; Low - Minho estuary). We hypothesised that E. marinus populations would present lower production and fitness, and higher intersexuality incidence with increasing anthropogenic pressure. According to a GAM model explaining ≈70% of the observed variability, E. marinus biomass depends on temperature, organic matter, Fucus area and time of the year. Significant differences were found between the gammarid biomass in Minho and Mondego estuaries and within sites from the same estuary. As expected, Ave estuary exhibited the lowest average annual production, abundance and fecundity rates. However, the highest average production was found in Mondego and not in Minho estuary, although the turnover ratio (P/B) of both estuaries was very similar. Besides the system's global ecological status, E. marinus also seems to respond to microhabitat conditions, which may explain the spatial heterogeneity observed in the amphipod production within the same estuary. Intersexuality prevalence was negligible in the three populations, which does not support the idea of a link between anthropogenic pressure and intersexuality in E. marinus. We argue that the dependence of E. marinus on Fucus sp. should be further investigated to fully understand the role of both fucoids and the gammarid in coastal foodwebs.