Phospho-proteomics identifies a critical role of ATF2 in pseudorabies virus replication.

Pseudorabies virus (PRV), an etiological agent of pseudorabies in livestock, has negatively affected the porcine industry all over the world. Epithelial cells are reported as the first site of PRV infection. However, the role of host proteins and its related signaling pathways in PRV replication is largely unclear. In this study, we performed a quantitative phosphoproteomics screening on PRV-infected porcine kidney (PK-15) epithelial cells. Totally 5723 phosphopeptides, corresponding to 2180 proteins, were obtained, and the phosphorylated states of 810 proteins were significantly different in PRV-infected cells compared with mock-infected cells (P â€‹< â€‹0.05). GO and KEGG analysis revealed that these differentially expressed phosphorylated proteins were predominantly related to RNA transport and MAPK signaling pathways. Further functional studies of NF-κB, transcription activator factor-2 (ATF2), MAX and SOS genes in MAPK signaling pathway were analyzed using RNA interference (RNAi) knockdown. It showed that only ATF2-knockdown reduces both PRV titer and viral genome copy number. JNK pathway inhibition and CRISPR/Cas9 gene knockout showed that ATF2 was required for the effective replication of PRV, especially during the biogenesis of viral genome DNA. Subsequently, by overexpression of the ATF2 gene and point mutation of the amino acid positions 69/71 of ATF2, it was further demonstrated that the phosphorylation of ATF2 promoted PRV replication. These findings suggest that ATF2 may provide potential therapeutic target for inhibiting PRV infection.

Evaluation of fluidized granulation technology of Jianwei Xiaoshi Tablet by multicriteria synthesizing grading method / 中草药

Objective: To explore the feasibility of multicriteria synthesizing grading method using in the optimization of the fluidized granulation technology for Jianwei Xiaoshi Tablet (JXT), and to provide a reference for fluidized granulation technology to spread and apply in the pelletization of materials with strong stickiness. Methods: Using orthogonal design, the property parameters of granule and tablet were measured, and the best process parameters were optimized. Results: The optimal process parameters were as follows: The inlet air temperature was 55°C, the inlet pressure was 8 kPa, the spray pressure was 30 kPa, and the flow rate of the liquid was 1.0-2.5 mL/min. Conclusion: The multicriteria synthesizing grading method used in optimizing the fluidized granulation technology of JXT is stable and feasible, and provides theory evidence for improving the productivity and product quality.

Impact of directly compressed auxiliary materials on powder property of fermented cordyceps powder / 中国中药杂志

To investigate such physical indexes as hygroscopicity, angle of repose, bulk density, fillibility of compression of mixed powder of directly compressed auxiliary materials and fermented cordyceps powder by using micromeritic study methods. The results showed that spray-dried lactose Flowlac100 and microcrystalline cellulose Avicel PH102 had better effect in liquidity and compressibility on fermented cordyceps powder than pregelatinized starch. The study on the impact of directly compressed auxiliary materials on the powder property of fermented cordyceps powder had guiding significant to the research of fermented cordyceps powder tablets, and could provide basis for the development of fermented cordyceps powder tablets.