BACKGROUND: The majority of bladder cancer patients experience recurrence. Cisplatin is the standard chemotherapy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer though adverse effects are often severe. CASE REPORT: Intravenous (IV) dicycloplatin (DCP) sustained remission in an American bladder cancer patient for five years. A recurrent mass was observed in July 2021. The patient received DCP capsules for seven weeks with no significant side-effects. Complete blood count with differential and a basic metabolic panel showed no adverse effects of DCP capsules on the bone marrow, liver or renal parameters. Cystoscopy after oral DCP found no evident bladder tumors; cytology was negative for high-grade urothelial carcinoma. CONCLUSION: In this patient, DCP-capsules appeared to be as effective as DCP-IV for achieving bladder cancer remission. Both forms of DCP chemotherapy are convenient, active against several cancer types, with decreased adverse effects compared to cisplatin. Both have been available for treating cancer patients in China. A USA clinical trial of DCP in bladder and other cancers appears warranted.
Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/administration & dosage , Carcinoma, Papillary/drug therapy , Glutamates/administration & dosage , Organoplatinum Compounds/administration & dosage , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/drug therapy , Administration, Oral , Aged , Capsules , Carcinoma, Papillary/pathology , Drug Combinations , Humans , Male , Time Factors , Treatment Outcome , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/pathology
BACKGROUND/AIM: Platinum-based chemotherapy often fails due to its severe adverse effects. The aim of this study was to examine the adverse effects profile and efficacy of dicycloplatin and compare them to those of cisplatin and carboplatin. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cystoscopy surveillance of the first American cancer patient treated with dicycloplatin was performed quarterly. In vitro and in vivo studies were conducted using immunoblotting and flow cytometry to assess immune status of spleen and bone marrow of mice treated with dicycloplatin, cisplatin and carboplatin. RESULTS: The American patient did not suffer clinically significant myelosuppression; dicycloplatin has sustained remission in this patient to date. Experimental studies showed that dicycloplatin is less toxic to bone marrow and spleen of mice than cisplatin and carboplatin. CONCLUSION: Dicycloplatin is a promising drug in cancer chemotherapy with less aggressive side-effects than those typically associated with cisplatin and carboplatin. This is an important therapeutic advantage in cancer chemotherapy. Clinical investigation of dicycloplatin as an alternative to cisplatin or carboplatin is warranted.
Bone Marrow/drug effects , Glutamates/administration & dosage , Neoplasms/drug therapy , Organoplatinum Compounds/administration & dosage , Spleen/drug effects , Animals , Bone Marrow/pathology , Carboplatin/administration & dosage , Carboplatin/adverse effects , Cisplatin/administration & dosage , Cisplatin/adverse effects , Cystoscopy , Disease Models, Animal , Drug Combinations , Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions , Female , Glutamates/adverse effects , Humans , Mice , Organoplatinum Compounds/adverse effects , Spleen/pathology
Acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) is an acute event characterized by the worsening of a patient's respiratory symptoms. To the best of our knowledge, few studies have investigated the computed tomography (CT) manifestation of AECOPD. Thus, the aim of the present study was to examine the CT manifestations during AECOPD. In total, 40 patients with AECOPD admitted to the emergency department were enrolled. CT images obtained at the time of exacerbation and at the 3-month follow-up were paired. Clinical characteristics and routine blood test results were also recorded. Airway dimensions and attenuation per patient were quantified from the 3rd to the 6th generation of four bronchi by Airway Inspector Slicer 2.8. The emphysema extent was also quantified and lung infiltration was detected, classified and measured. The CT images showed an increased wall area percentage (WA%) and increased mean and peak wall attenuation during the AECOPD; however, the extent of emphysema did not change significantly. In total, 60% of AECOPD patients presented with lung infiltration, compared with those at the follow-up CT scanning. The presence and extent of segmental distribution consolidation was correlated with the neutrophil percentage (N%), with a statistically significant difference observed. The total volume of lung parenchymal infiltration was correlated with the white blood cell (WBC) count and N%; however, no significant correlations were detected between the presence or extent of acinar shadow, air space consolidation with lobular distribution, ground-glass attenuation with lobular distribution, thickening of the interlobular septa and signs of infection (including the number of main symptoms, body temperature, WBC count and N%). The WA%, mean wall attenuation and peak wall attenuation increased during AECOPD, but the emphysema extent was unchanged. Lung infiltration existed frequently; however, only consolidation with segmental distribution appeared to be associated with bacterial infection.
The screening of a person at risk for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and timely treatment may provide opportunities to delay the progressive destruction of lung function. Therefore, a model to predict the disease is required. We hypothesized that demographic and clinical information in combination with genetic markers would aid in the prediction of COPD development, prior to its onset. The aim of the present study was to create a predictive model for COPD development. Demographic, clinical presentation and genetic polymorphisms were recorded in COPD patients and control subjects. Nighty-six single-nucleotide polymorphisms of 46 genes were selected for genotyping in the case-control study. A predictive model was produced using logistic regression with a stepwise model-building approach and was validated. A total of 331 patients and 351 control subjects were included. The logistic regression identified the following predictors: Gender, respiratory infection in early life, low birth weight, smoking history and genotype polymorphisms (rs2070600, rs10947233, rs1800629, rs2241712 and rs1205). The model was established using the following formula: COPD = 1/[1 + exp (-2.4933-1.2197 gender + 1.1842 respiratory infection in early life + 2.4350 low birth weight + 1.8524 smoking - 1.1978 rs2070600 + 2.0270 rs10947233 + 1.1913 rs10947233 + 0.6468 rs1800629 + 0.5272 rs2241712 + 0.4024 rs1205)] (when the value is >0.5). The Hosmer-Lemeshow test showed no significant deviations between the observed and predicted events. Validation of the model in 50 patients showed a modest sensitivity and specificity. Therefore, a predictive model based on demographic, clinical and genetic information may identify COPD prior to its onset.
