[Significance of prostate central gland/total gland volume ratio combined with PSA in the diagnosis of prostate cancer patients].

Objective: To explore the significance of prostate central gland/total gland volume (PVc/PV) ratio combined with PSA in the diagnosis of PSA 4-20 ng/ml prostate cancer patients. Methods: Data of patients undergoing prostate puncture in Minghang Branch, Zhongshan Hospital from July 2015 to December 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. The anteroposterior, transverse and axial diameters of the prostate and the central prostate gland were measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The differences of tPSA, f/tPSA, PSAD and PVc/PV between the prostate cancer group and non-prostate cancer group were compared. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves of prostate cancer diagnosis were plotted according to tPSA, f/tPSA, PSAD, PVc/PV alone and PVc/PV combined with tPSA, respectively, and the area under the curve (AUC) was calculated and compared using tPSA as the reference. Results: There was no significant difference in tPSA between the two groups (P>0.05). However, significant differences were observed in f/tPSA, PSAD and PVc/PV between the two groups (P<0.05). The AUC value of PVc/PV combined with tPSA, PVc/PV and PSAD was 0.901 2,0.866 7 and 0.848 1,respectively, which were statistically different from that of tPSA (P<0.05). The AUC value of f/tPSA was 0.716, which was not statistically different from that of tPSA (P>0.05). Conclusion: The PVc/PV ratio combined with tPSA can be used as an important reference index for the diagnosis of prostate cancer in PSA 4-20 ng/ml patients.

[Analysis of positive rate of sinusitis in children with head and pituitary MRI].

Objective: To investigate the incidence of asymptomatic sinusitis in children by magnetic resonance imaging. Method: Collected the head MRI of 1-12 years old children. According to the examination site,the MRI group and the pituitary MRI group (both sinus level) were included.The nasal-sinusitis-like changes in the field were used as positive criteria. Statistical analysis was conducted on the test results. Result: In 3 900 children with MRI, the positive rate of sinusitis was 30.21%. The positive rate increased from 2 years old to 3 years old and remained at the age of 11 years.The higher positive rate was slightly decreased at 12 years old; 1 228 cases of pituitary MRI examination, the positive rate of nasal-sinusitis was 38.27%, the positive rate increased significantly from the age of 2, reached the peak at 6 years old, and then fell back, still kept high positive rate, the lowest to 12 years old. The positive rate of total sinusitis was 32.14%. No obvious difference was found between two groups. Conclusion: Children's skull and pituitary MRI imaging suggests that the positive rate of nasal-innocuous sinusitis is related to age, peaking at 3 to 8 years old, and then gradually decreasing.

[The application of retroperitoneal laparoscopic nephron-sparing surgery in stage T(1b) renal cell carcinoma].

Objective: To investigate the safety and feasibility of retroperitoneal laparoscopic nephron-sparing surgery (NSS) in stage T(1b) renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients . Methods: Between March 2014 and June 2017, 52 stage T(1b) RCC cases (36 males, 16 females) treated with retroperitoneal laparoscopic NSS in Zhongshan Hospital and Central Hospital of Minhang District were enrolled and retrospectively analyzed, with a tumor size range of 4.0 to 6.8 cm, and a mean size of(4.7±0.45)cm.The anatomic characteristics of tumors, operative time, intra-operative blood loss, warm ischemia time, intra- and post-operative complications, length of hospital stay, and oncological outcomes were reviewed. Results: Only 2 cases converted to open surgery due to uncontrollable bleeding in operation. The rest 50 cases successfully underwent retroperitoneal laparoscopic NSS, with mean operative time of (122±20.86) min (range: 100-220 min), mean blood loss of (140±128.85)ml (range: 50-800 ml), mean warm ischemia time of (30±3.52)min (range: 25-42 min), pre-operative mean serum creatinine of (100±23.54)µmol/L (range: 65-148 µmol/L), mean serum creatinine three monthsafter operation of (104±30.84)µmol/L (range: 72-224 µmol/L), mean drainage of (180±82.33)ml (range: 80-550 ml), mean length of hospital stay after operation of (8±1.56)d (range: 5-15 d). There was no significant difference in renal function between pre- and post-operation (P=0.056). One patient suffered pulmonary embolism was cured conservatively. Fifty patients were followed up, among which 47 cases with malignant pathology were followed up for 3-29 months, and two of them suffered from pulmonary metastasis. Conclusions: After pre-operative comprehensive assessment of tumors, stage T(1b) renal cell carcinoma could be treated with retroperitoneal laparoscopic NSS safely.

ZEB1 promotes prostate cancer proliferation and invasion through ERK1/2 signaling pathway.

OBJECTIVE: Prostate cancer is a kind of malignancy with high occurrence in the male urogenital system. However, the mechanism of the occurrence, the progression, and the metastasis of prostate cancer are still unclear. Searching for the effective molecule target is of great significance to improve the curative effect on prostate cancer. Zinc finger E box binding protein-1 (ZEB1) protein is a member of the zinc finger transcription factor family that participates in the embryonic development and formation. ZEB1 was found to be involved in the occurrence and in the development of multiple cancers, while its role in prostate cancer still needs elucidation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Normal prostate cell line PC-3M and prostate cancer cell line DU145 were cultured in vitro and transfected by ZEB1 siRNA. ZEB1 mRNA and protein expressions were detected by real-time PCR and Western blot assay. Cell proliferation was determined by using 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Cell migration was evaluated by transwell assay. Cell apoptosis was evaluated by caspase-3 activity. The impact of ZEB1 on extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) signaling pathway was assessed by Western blot assay. RESULTS: ZEB1 expression significantly increased in DU145 cells compared with PC-3M cells (p<0.05). ZEB1 mRNA and protein obviously declined, cell proliferation inhibited, cell invasion suppressed, and Caspase-3 activity enhanced in DU145 cells after ZEB1 siRNA transfection (p<0.05). ZEB1 siRNA markedly decreased ERK1/2 phosphorylation in DU145 cells compared with control (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Inhibition of ZEB1 promoted prostate cancer apoptosis, restrained proliferation, and suppressed invasion through down-regulating ERK1/2 signaling pathway.

[Effects of 7 d -6 degrees bed-rest on postural equilibrium].

OBJECTIVE: To quantitatively assess the effects of 7 d -6 degrees head-down bed-rest (HDBR) on postural equilibrium and to investigate the contributions of vestibular, somatosensory and visual informations to postural equilibrium. METHOD: Eight healthy males, aged 33 - 42 years, were exposed to -6 degrees head-down tilt bed rest for 7 d. Sensory Organization Test (SOT) and Motor Coordination Test (MCT) were measured before and after HDBR, and day 4 of recovery. RESULT: Equilibrium scores of SOT in condition 1 (eyes opened, platform and visual scence environment fixed), 5 (eyes closed visual scence environment fixed, platform movable) were significantly lower as compared with pre-HDBR value, and recovered to pre-HDBR level on day 4 of recovery. Postural strategy scores of SOT in condition 1, 2 (eyes closed, platform and visual scence environment fixed) and 3 (eyes opened, platform fixed, visual scence environment movable) were significantly lower as compared with pre-HDBR value, and recovered to pre-HDBR level on day 4 of recovery. The dependence of somatosensory and visual information (ratio pair codition 2/condition 1, condition 3/condition 1 in sensory analysis) was significantly higher as compared with pre-HDBR value, and recovered on day 4 of recovery. Mean SOT alignment scores in conditions 1, 4 (eyes opened, visual scence environment fixed, platform movable) and 6 (eyes opened, platform and visual scence environment movable) were significantly higher as compared with pre-HDBR value, and only the scores of conditions 1, 6 were recovered on day 4 of recovery, but that of condition 4 did not. Mean postural-evoked response latencies of MCT were not significantly different as compared with pre-HDBR value. CONCLUSION: 7 d -6 degrees head-down tilt bed-rest has significant effects on postural equilibrium. The contributions of somatosensory and visual informations to postural equilibrium are increased.

[Effect of 7 d -6 degrees head-down tilt (HDT) on electromyogram of gastrocnemius and anterior tibialis muscles].

Objective. To assess the effect of 7 d -6 degrees HDT on electromyogram of the weightbearing muscles. Method. Eight healthy males, aged 33-42, were exposed to -6 degrees HDT bed-rest for 7 d, electromyogram from the gastrocnemius and anterior tibialis muscles were recorded before and after HDT, and day 4 of recovery. Result. The latency of SLR (short latency response) recorded from lower leg muscles after HDT was not different from that pre-HDT. But the latency of MLR (middle latency response) and LLR (long latency response) after HDT were significantly increased as compared with that pre-HDT, and recovered to pre-HDT level on day 4 of recovery. The durations of SLR recorded from right leg muscles after HDT were significantly longer as compared with that pre-HDT, and did not recover. The integrated amplitude of SLR and MLR after HDT were significantly increased as compared with that pre-HDT, and only the integrated amplitude of SLR recovered, but that of MLR did not. Conclusion. Seven day -6 degrees HDT bed-rest had significant effects on electromyogram of the weightbearing muscles.

[Effects of bFGF and BDNF on the cells of injured adult mouse olfactory epithelium in vitro].

Olfactory epithelium (OE) is unique in the adult nervous system for it produces new neurons throughout life. The cultured cells of adult mouse OE in vitro were studied by histochemistry and immunocytochemistry techniques, and the results showed that they were neurons as up to 50% of the bipolar cells were immunopositive to NF, NSE, MAP2, OMP and tau. The effects of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in OE medium with different concentration serum on OE cell number and development of cell processes were also observed. The results showed that the combination of bFGF and BDNF added to 10% and 5% serum OE medium increased the bipolar cell number and percentage, stimulated the process outgrowth of bipolar cells, and decreased the numbers of giant cells and fusiform cells. The effects of the combination of bFGF and BDNF in the 10% serum OE medium were more significant than those of bFGF and BDNF applied alone; and the effects of neurotrophic factors in the 10% serum OE medium were more significant than those observed in the 5% serum OE medium.

[Effects of 7 d head-down tilt (-20 degrees) immobilization on pharmacokinetics of gentamicin in rabbits].

OBJECTIVE: To observe pharmacokinetic changes under simulated weightlessness in relevant to body flood flow changes. METHOD: Gentamicin was selected as probe drug in the present study, and rabbits exposed to Head-Down Tilt (HDT, -20 degrees) immobilization were selected as simulated weightlessness animal model. Seven rabbits were treated inf. with 3 mg/kg of gentamicin sulfate pre-HDT and 7 d after HDT. Gentamicin blood samples within 4 h after administration were analyzed by TDxFLx. RESULT: The distribution of gentamicin postponed significantly: a significant decrease in alpha from (0.1838 +/- 0.1076) min-1 before HDT to (0.0591 +/- 0.0334) min-1 after HDT; a significant increase in t1/2 alpha from (5.30 +/- 3.55) min to (15.04 +/- 7.49) min; a significant decrease in k12 from (0.1025 +/- 0.0721) min-1 to (0.0181 +/- 0.0161) min-1, a increase trend in V(C) and V(D). After HDT, CL(S) of gentamicin increased from (2.2 +/- 0.5) ml min-1 kg-1 to (2.7 +/- 0.3) ml min-1 kg-1. CONCLUSION: Simulated weightlessness might induce pharmacokinetic changes.

Molecular cloning and analysis of a pea cDNA that is expressed in darkness and very rapidly induced by gibberellic acid.

Using cDNA representational difference analysis (cDNA RDA), we isolated a cDNA named GDA-1 from a cDNA library constructed with mRNA from short-day (SD) grown G2 pea apical tissue. The amino acid sequence deduced from GDA-1 shares partial identity with the B2 protein which is expressed during embryogenesis of carrot cells. Northern analysis showed that GDA-1 mRNA is abundant in SD-grown G2 pea apical buds. In long-day (LD) conditions, there was almost no detectable GDA-1 mRNA. When LD-grown G2 peas were kept in continuous darkness for 24 h, the GDA-1 mRNA content reached a level equivalent to about 50% of that in the SD samples. On the other hand, when SD-grown peas were transferred into the light for 24 h, the amount of hybridizable GDA-1 mRNA dropped to the same as that of LD-grown plants. GDA-1 expression was found to be independent of flower initiation time. GA3 application in vitro resulted in rapid accumulation of GDA-1 mRNA in LD-grown G2 pea apical buds, which is compatible with its delaying effect on apical senescence. Time-course experiments revealed that GDA-1 is induced within 15 min of GA3 application. Exogenous GA3 did not influence the expression of GDA-1 in SD-grown G2 peas. Since both photoperiod and GA induce the expression of GDA-1, we speculate that they may activate similar signal transduction pathways in G2 peas. Our work also shows that photoperiod may change the efficiency of gibberellin perception by plants.